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Pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of epilepsy: electromagnetic stimulation-mediated neuromodulation therapy and new technologies

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 917-935页

作者： Dian Jiao Lai Xu Zhen Gu Hua Yan Dingding shen Xiaosong Gu Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine Tianjin UniversityTianjinChina Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province College of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University NantongJiangsu ProvinceChina

Epilepsy is a severe,relapsing,and multifactorial neurological *** regarding the accurate diagnosis,prognosis,and in-depth pathogenesis are crucial for the precise and effective treatment of *** pathogenesis of epilepsy is complex and involves alterations in variables such as gene expression,protein expression,ion channel activity,energy metabolites,and gut microbiota *** results are lacking for conventional treatments for *** resection of lesions,drug therapy,and non-drug interventions are mainly used in clinical practice to treat pain associated with ***-pharmacological treatments,such as a ketogenic diet,gene therapy for nerve regeneration,and neural regulation,are currently areas of research *** review provides a comprehensive overview of the pathogenesis,diagnostic methods,and treatments of *** also elaborates on the theoretical basis,treatment modes,and effects of invasive nerve stimulation in neurotherapy,including percutaneous vagus nerve stimulation,deep brain electrical stimulation,repetitive nerve electrical stimulation,in addition to non-invasive transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current *** studies have shown that electromagnetic stimulation-mediated neuromodulation therapy can markedly improve neurological function and reduce the frequency of epileptic ***,many new technologies for the diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy are being ***,current research is mainly focused on analyzing patients’clinical manifestations and exploring relevant diagnostic and treatment methods to study the pathogenesis at a molecular level,which has led to a lack of consensus regarding the mechanisms related to the disease.

关键词： diagnosis drug treatment electroencephalography epilepsy monitoring epilepsy nerve regeneration neurostimulation non-drug interventions pathogenesis prediction

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Investigation of bubbles escape behavior from low basicity mold flux for high-Mn high-Al steels using 3D X-ray microscope

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2025年第1期32卷 102-110页

作者： Qiang Liu Xiang Li shen Du Ming Gao Yanbin Yin Jiongming Zhang State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China

During the continuous casting process of high-Mn high-Al steels,various types of gases such as Ar need to escape through the top of the *** which,the behavior of bubbles traversing the liquid slag serves as a restrictive link,closely associated with viscosity and the thickness of liquid *** contrast to two-dimensional surface observation,three-dimensional(3D)analysis method can offer a more intuitive,accurate,and comprehensive ***,this study employs a 3D X-ray microscope(3D-XRM)to obtained spatial distribution and 3D morphological characteristics of residual bubbles in mold flux under different basicity of liquid slag,different temperatures,and different holding *** results indicate that as basicity of slag increases from 0.52 to 1.03,temperature increases from 1423 to 1573 K,the viscosity of slag decreases,the floating rate of bubbles *** addition,when holding time increases from 10 to 30 s,the bubbles floating distance increases,and the volume fraction and average equivalent sphere diameter of the bubbles solidified in the mold flux gradually *** one word,increasing the basicity,temperature,and holding time leading to an increase in the removal rate of bubbles especially for the *** findings of bubbles escape behavior provide valuable insights into optimizing low basicity mold flux for high-Mn high-Al steels.

关键词： mold flux low basicity bubbles three-dimensional X-ray microscope viscosity

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Risk Factors of Depression Screened by Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Analysis:A Systematic Review

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2024年第1期37卷 85-95页

作者： WANG Han Lin XUE Yan Feng CUI Bao Qiu LIU hong shen xin xin Shandong Provincial Research Center for Bioinformatic Engineering and Technique School of Life SciencesShandong University of TechnologyZibo 255049ShandongChina Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan 030013ShanxiChina State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control National Institute for Viral Disease Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 102206China

Objective This study explored the potentially modifiable factors for depression and major depressive disorder(MDD)from the MR-Base database and further evaluated the associations between drug targets with *** We analyzed two-sample of Mendelian randomization(2SMR)using genetic variant depression(n=113,154)and MDD(n=208,811)from Genome-Wide Association Studies(GWAS).Separate calculations were performed with modifiable risk factors from MR-Base for 1,001 *** MR analysis was performed by screening drug targets with MDD in the DrugBank database to explore the therapeutic targets for *** variance weighted(IVW),fixed-effect inverse variance weighted(FE-IVW),MR-Egger,weighted median,and weighted mode were used for complementary *** The potential causal relationship between modifiable risk factors and depression contained 459 results for depression and 424 for ***,the associations between drug targets and MDD showed that SLC6A4,GRIN2A,GRIN2C,SCN10A,and IL1B expression are associated with an increased risk of *** contrast,ADRB1,CHRNA3,HTR3A,GSTP1,and GABRG2 genes are candidate protective factors against *** This study identified the risk factors causally associated with depression and MDD,and estimated 10 drug targets with significant impact on MDD,providing essential information for formulating strategies to prevent and treat depression.

关键词： Risk factors Drug targets Depression Major depressive disorder Two-sample Mendelian randomization

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Controlling reversible complexation-mediated polymerization(RCMP)via deep eutectic solvents:fast kinetics,narrow molecular weight distribution and mechanistic insights

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第8期67卷 2728-2736页

作者： xin Fu Zhen Lu shen Li Zheng-hong Luo Lin-Xi Hou Department of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering College of Chemical EngineeringFuzhou UniversityFuzhou 350116China Department of Chemical Engineering School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringState Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix CompositesShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200030China Chemical Engineering Zhicheng College of Fuzhou UniversityFuzhou 350116China Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory Quanzhou 362801China

The exploitation of new green polymerization avenues for the effective synthesis of polymers by reversible-deactivation radical polymerization plays a critical role in pursuing the development of polymeric *** this work,serials of deep eutectic solvents(DES)with intermolecular-hydrogen-bonding interaction were constructed as catalysts and medium for actuating reversible complexation-mediated polymerization(RCMP)for the first time,yielding methacrylate polymers with high monomer conversion and narrow dispersion molecular weight in both water and oil *** mechanism and elementary reaction of RCMP were explored deeply,revealing that the complexation of initiator with DES to generate radicals was a ratecontrolling step and intermolecular-hydrogen-bond was primary factor to influence polymerization ***,the insights of density functional theory calculations revealed that negative electrostatic potential ensured nucleophilic *** investigation demonstrated the considerable potential of DES for RCMP,which is anticipated for other polymerization applications as a novel medium mode.

关键词： deep eutectic solvent reversible complexation-mediated polymerization intermolecular hydrogen bonding density functional theory elementary reaction steps

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Respiratory Support in Severely or CriticallyⅢICU Patients With COVID-19 in Wuhan,China

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Current Medical Science 2020年第4期40卷 636-641页

作者： hong-tao HU shen XU Jing WANG xin RAO Department of Critical Care Medicine Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430071China Department of Nephrology General Hospital of the Yangtze River ShippingWuhan 430010China

Summary:This case series aimed to describe the clinical characteristics of severely or critically ill patients with COVID-19 and compare the clinical characteristics of patients who received invasive respiratory support with those of patients who received noninvasive respiratory *** included all confirmed severe or critical illness cases of COVID-19 admitted to the Intensive Care Unit(ICU)of Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University,a COVID-19-designated hospital,from January 8 to March 12,*** were analyzed for cpidemiological,demographic,clinical,APACHE II,SOFA,radiological features and laboratory *** of all patients were followed up as of March 12,*** newly emerging virus had caused 55 confirmed severe or critical illness cases in ICU of a COVID-19-designated *** of the infected patients were men;more than half had underlying diseases,including hypertension,coronary artery disease and *** median age was 63 years *** symptoms at onset of ilness were fever,fatigue and dry ***(9.1%)hospitalized patients were presumed to have been infected in the hospital,and 4(7.3%)health care workers were infected in their *** the 55 confirmed severe or critical ilncss cases,10(18.2%)patients died during the follow-up period as of March 12 with the median follow-up period of 28 days(interquartile range 1635).Nine patients received VV-ECMO for severe respiratory failure and 4(44.4%)patients ***,28 patients received invasive respiratory support and 14(50.0%)patients *** this single-center study,55 severely or critically ill ICU patients were confirmed to have COVID-19 in Wuhan and the overall mortality was 29.1%。Totally 28(50.9%)of severely or critically ill ICU patients received invasive respiratory support and 14(50.0%)died during the follow-up period.

关键词： COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 acute respiratory distress syndrome intensive care unit respiratory support

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Ca-and Mg-rich waste as high active carrier for chemical looping gasification of biomass

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2021年第10期34卷 145-154页

作者： xin Niu Laihong shen School of Energy and Power Engineering Nanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing 210094China Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education School of Energy and EnvironmentSoutheast UniversityNanjing 210096China

Chemical looping gasification(CLG)is a promising technology for high-quality syngas *** key issue to successful CLG is the selection of high-performance oxygen *** this study,several Ca-and Mg-rich steelmaking wastes from steel industry,such as blast furnace slag(BF slag),blast furnace dust(BF dust)and Linz-Donawitz converter slag(LD slag),were used as oxygen carriers in chemical looping gasification of *** results showed that the reducibility of Ca-and Mg-rich waste,especially LD slag and BF dust,was superior to that of *** long-term operation,the cyclic stability of steelmaking waste was *** dust showed a poor stability,while the other carrier(hematite,BF slag or LD slag)presented an excellent stability during multiple redox cycles in spite of partial sintering and ***,the effects of supply oxygen coefficient(O/B ratio)and reaction temperature on CLG of biomass were *** results revealed that Ca-and Mg-rich waste exhibited a higher syngas production compared to *** higher performance could be attributed to the improved reduction rate of Fe2O3 and gasification rate of biomass by Ca or Mg in steelmaking *** addition,LD slag exhibited the higher gas value at the O/B ratio of 1 at 900℃.As a consequence,LD slag was an appropriate oxygen carrier for CLG of biomass in terms of perfect reducibility,superior cyclic stability and high reactivity.

关键词： Biomass Syngas Gasification Ca-and Mg-rich waste Chemical looping

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基于卡尔加里-剑桥指南的沙龙培训模式提升全科规培医师医患沟通技能的对照研究

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中国全科医学 2025年第1期28卷 71-76页

作者：彭涛邹川曾欣张焱沈静四川省成都市第五人民医院全科医学科 611130

背景医患沟通技能是全科医生的核心岗位胜任力之一,高水平的医患沟通能力是创建和谐医患关系的基石,有助于提高患者就医获得感和满意度。而我国全科医生沟通能力普遍偏低,有待探索出一种适应我国国情、满足我国全科医生沟通需求的医患... 详细信息

背景医患沟通技能是全科医生的核心岗位胜任力之一,高水平的医患沟通能力是创建和谐医患关系的基石,有助于提高患者就医获得感和满意度。而我国全科医生沟通能力普遍偏低,有待探索出一种适应我国国情、满足我国全科医生沟通需求的医患沟通培训模式来提高其医患沟通能力。目的探索基于卡尔加里-剑桥指南的沙龙培训模式在全科规培医师医患沟通技能培训中的应用效果,为构建适合我国国情的医患沟通培训体系提供参考依据。方法选取成都市第五人民医院2019—2020年度全科规培医师40名作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为沙龙组和对照组,每组20名,其中沙龙组使用基于卡尔加里-剑桥指南的沙龙培训模式进行医患沟通培训,对照组设置为空白对照,培训前、培训后1周分别对两组学员采用标准化病人(SP)模式进行接诊,使用医患沟通评价量表(SEGUE量表)进行现场观察评分,比较两组学员的医患沟通培训效果。结果最终纳入28名,其中沙龙组15名,对照组13名,培训后沙龙组规培医师SEGUE量表评分从(11.80±4.36)分提高至(18.07±4.11)分,对照组规培医师SEGUE量表评分从(12.15±4.63)分提高至(14.46±3.71)分。沙龙组培训后的SEGUE量表评分与培训前的比较,差异有统计学意义(t=3.250,P<0.001);对照组培训后的SEGUE量表评分与培训前比较,差异无统计学意义(t=2.582,P=0.624);培训后对SEGUE量表中的25个项目进行分析,沙龙组与对照组SEGUE量表评分比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。沙龙组以下5个项目结果优于对照组,准备阶段中的“建立个人信任关系”(93.3%比7.7%)、“保护患者的隐私/尊重患者选择权”(53.3%比15.4%);理解患者阶段中的“认同患者为疾病所付出的努力、改变及其遇到的困难”(33.3%比23.1%)、“表达关心,使患者感到温暖/树立信心”(100.0%比69.2%);结束问诊阶段中的“询问患者是否还有其他的问题需要探讨”(66.7%比23.1%)。结论基于卡尔加里-剑桥指南的沙龙培训模式对全科规培医师进行医患沟通技能培训可增强学员主动参加培训的兴趣和积极性,对于医患沟通能力的提升具有较好的培训效果,值得借鉴和推广。

关键词：全科医学全科医师规范化培训医患沟通沟通培训卡尔加里-剑桥指南

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Metal nanoparticles decorated CoFe-(oxy)hydroxysulfides nanosheets fabricated by a general strategy for electrocatalytic water splitting

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 26-38页

作者： Xiaodong Yang Haochen shen Xiaoming Xiao Zhichao Li Qi Zhou Wei Yang Bin Jiang Yongli Sun Luhong Zhang Zhenhua Yan School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education) Nankai University

This study presents a novel method to fabricate metal-decorated,sulfur-doped layered double hydroxides （M/SLDH） through spontaneous redox and sulfurization *** developed Ag/SLDH and Pt/SLDH catalysts with abundant heterogeneous interfaces and hierarchical nanostructures demonstrated outstanding oxygen evolution reaction （OER） and hydrogen evolution reaction （HER） performance,achieving low overpotentials of 212 and 35 mV at 10 mA cm-2in 1 M KOH,*** both anode and cathode in water splitting,they required only 1.47 V to reach 10 mA cm-2and exhibited high structural robustness,maintaining stability at 1000 mA cm-2for 300 ***-situ Raman analysis revealed that the synergistic effects of metal nanoparticles and S doping significantly promote the transformation into the S-Co1-xFexOOH layer,which serves as the active phase for water ***,ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy （UPS） and density functional theory （DFT） analyses indicated that incorporating metal nanoparticles and S doping increase electron density near the Fermi level and reduce reaction energy barriers,thus enhancing intrinsic OER and HER *** study provides a scalable strategy for synthesizing high-performance electrocatalysts for water splitting,with promising potential for broader applications.

关键词： LDH Spontaneous reaction Metal nanoparticles Water splitting

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High-loading Pt-alloy catalysts for boosted oxygen reduction reaction performance

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2022年第8期35卷 30-35页

作者： Wei hong xinran shen Jian Wang xin Feng Wenjing Zhang Jing Li Zidong Wei School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China School of Materials Science and Engineering Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China

To improve performance of membrane electrode assembly(MEA)at large current density region,efficient mass transfer at the cathode is desired,for which a feasible strategy is to lower catalyst layer thickness by constructing high loading Pt-alloy catalysts on *** the high loading may induce unwanted par-ticle *** this work,H-PtNi/C with 33%(mass)Pt loading on carbon and monodisperse distri-bution of 3.55 nm PtNi nanoparticles,was prepared by a bimodal-pore *** electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction(ORR),H-PtNi/C displays an activity inferior to the low Pt loading catalyst L-PtNi/C(13.3%(mass))in the *** in H_(2)-0_(2) MEA,H-PtNi/C delivers the peak power density of 1.51 W·cm^(-2) and the mass transfer limiting current density of 4.4 A·cm^(-2),being 21%and 16%higher than those of L-PtNi/C(1.25 W·cm^(-2),3.8 A·cm^(-2))respectively,which can be ascribed to enhanced mass trans-fer brought by the thinner catalyst layer in the *** addition,the same method can be used to pre-pare PtFe alloy catalyst with a high-Pt loading of 36%(mass).This work may lead to a range of catalyst materials for the large current density applications,such as fuel cell vehicles.

关键词： High Pt loading catalyst Pt alloy Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells Oxygen reduction reaction

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非晶铁结构的加压模拟

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物理学报 1987年第10期 1313-1320页

作者：洪景新沈中毅殷岫君张云何寿安中国科学院物理研究所中国科学院物理研究所中国科学院物理研究所现在齐鲁石化公司设计院计算站山东省淄博市.

本文用计算机模拟方法探讨了金属玻璃在加压过程中的变化。根据铁的状态方程拟合了Lennard-Jones双体势,用能显极小化方法松弛以得到具有周期性边界的含有1067个原子的非晶铁模型,并研究了加压状态下径向分布函数的变化。从第二峰中两... 详细信息

本文用计算机模拟方法探讨了金属玻璃在加压过程中的变化。根据铁的状态方程拟合了Lennard-Jones双体势,用能显极小化方法松弛以得到具有周期性边界的含有1067个原子的非晶铁模型,并研究了加压状态下径向分布函数的变化。从第二峰中两个亚峰模糊化的趋势判断,加压可能破坏非晶合金中已经存在的局域有序关联。文中还估算了非晶铁的P-V曲线。

关键词：非晶局域有序径向分布函数 RDF 原子间距方程拟合非晶合金

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