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Spatial transcriptomics combined with single-nucleus RNA sequencing reveals glial cell heterogeneity in the human spinal cord

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第11期20卷 3302-3316页

作者： Yali Chen Yiyong Wei Jin Liu Tao zhu Cheng Zhou Donghang Zhang Department of Anesthesiology West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan ProvinceChina Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Translational Medicine of AnesthesiologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan ProvinceChina Department of Anesthesiology Longgang District Maternity&Child Healthcare Hospital of Shenzhen City(Longgang Maternity and Child Institute of Shantou University Medical College)ShenzhenGuangdong ProvinceChina Department of Anesthesiology Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhou ProvinceChina

Glial cells play crucial roles in regulating physiological and pathological functions,including sensation,the response to infection and acute injury,and chronic neurodegenerative *** cells include astrocytes,microglia,and oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system,and satellite glial cells and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous *** the greater understanding of glial cell types and functional heterogeneity achieved through single-cell and single-nucleus RNA sequencing in animal models,few studies have investigated the transcriptomic profiles of glial cells in the human spinal ***,we used high-throughput single-nucleus RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics to map the cellular and molecular heterogeneity of astrocytes,microglia,and oligodendrocytes in the human spinal *** explore the conservation and divergence across species,we compared these findings with those from *** the human spinal cord,astrocytes,microglia,and oligodendrocytes were each divided into six distinct transcriptomic *** the mouse spinal cord,astrocytes,microglia,and oligodendrocytes were divided into five,four,and five distinct transcriptomic subclusters,*** comparative results revealed substantial heterogeneity in all glial cell types between humans and ***,we detected sex differences in gene expression in human spinal cord glial ***,in all astrocyte subtypes,the levels of NEAT1 and CHI3L1 were higher in males than in females,whereas the levels of CST3 were lower in males than in *** all microglial subtypes,all differentially expressed genes were located on the sex *** addition to sex-specific gene differences,the levels of MT-ND4,MT2A,MT-ATP6,MT-CO3,MT-ND2,MT-ND3,and MT-CO_(2) in all spinal cord oligodendrocyte subtypes were higher in females than in ***,the present dataset extensively characterizes glial cell heterogeneity and offers a valuable resource for explo

关键词： astrocyte glial cell human microglia oligodendrocyte sex differentiation single-nucleus RNA sequencing spatial transcriptomics species variation spinal cord

Non-coding RNAs in acute ischemic stroke:from brain to periphery

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 116-129页

作者： Shuo Li Zhaohan Xu Shiyao Zhang Huiling Sun Xiaodan Qin Lin zhu Teng Jiang Junshan Zhou Fuling Yan Qiwen Deng Department of Neurology Nanjing First HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina Department of Neurology Zhongda HospitalSchool of MedicineSoutheast UniversityNanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina General Clinical Research Center Nanjing First HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina

Acute ischemic stroke is a clinical emergency and a condition with high morbidity,mortality,and *** predictive,diagnostic,and prognostic biomarkers and effective therapeutic targets for acute ischemic stroke remain *** innovations in high-throughput gene sequencing analysis,many aberrantly expressed non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs)in the brain and peripheral blood after acute ischemic stroke have been found in clinical samples and experimental *** expressed ncRNAs in the post-stroke brain were demonstrated to play vital roles in pathological processes,leading to neuroprotection or deterioration,thus ncRNAs can serve as therapeutic targets in acute ischemic ***,distinctly expressed ncRNAs in the peripheral blood can be used as biomarkers for acute ischemic stroke prediction,diagnosis,and *** particular,ncRNAs in peripheral immune cells were recently shown to be involved in the peripheral and brain immune response after acute ischemic *** this review,we consolidate the latest progress of research into the roles of ncRNAs(microRNAs,long ncRNAs,and circular RNAs)in the pathological processes of acute ischemic stroke–induced brain damage,as well as the potential of these ncRNAs to act as biomarkers for acute ischemic stroke prediction,diagnosis,and *** from this review will provide novel ideas for the clinical application of ncRNAs in acute ischemic stroke.

关键词： acute ischemic stroke apoptosis blood–brain barrier damage circular RNAs excitatory toxicity long non-coding RNAs microRNAs neuroinflammation non-coding RNAs oxidative stress

A new strategy enabling intramolecular motion to obtain advanced photothermal materials

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Science China Chemistry 2019年第6期62卷 659-661页

作者： Wei-hong zhu Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science and Technology

Recently, considerable research interest has been focused on biomedical application of the photothermal materials, such as photoacoustic imaging (PAI) and photothermal therapy (PTT). PAI technique that roots in near-infrared (NIR) light excitation and ultrasonic detection has been extensively investigated in recent years since it surpasses the imaging depth limit of traditional optical imaging techniques, thereby providing deeper tissue penetration and higher spatial solution [1]. So far, several kinds of NIR-absorbing photothermal materials including gold nanorods/nanoshells, carbon nanotubes, 2D materials, semiconducting polymers and small-molecule organic dyes have been well studied for PAI and PTT.

关键词： Recently PAI PTT

Recent advances in radical-mediated fluorination through C-H and C-C bond cleavage

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Science China Chemistry 2017年第2期60卷 214-222页

作者： hong Yan Chen zhu Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China

The C-H and C-C bonds are abundant in organic compounds,yet generally inert in chemical ***,direct functionalization of inert chemical bonds remains *** fluorine-containing compounds are of special interest for their uses in medicinal *** fluorination of C-H and C-C bonds undoubtedly represents one of the most ideal and attractive approaches to incorporate fluorine atom into complex ***,we summarize the recent advances in radical-mediated C-H and C-C bond *** types of transformations are discussed:(1)direct C-H abstraction/fluorination of alkanes;(2)decarboxylative fluorination of alkyl carboxylic acids;(3)ring-opening fluorination.

关键词： fluorination C-H functionalization decarboxylation ring-opening radical

Numerical comparison of coal spontaneous combustion danger influenced by different methane drainage patterns in gob area

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Journal of Coal Science & Engineering(China) 2011年第2期17卷 157-162页

作者： zhu hong-qing LIU Xing-kui ZHANG ru-ming ZHANG Sheng-zhu Faculty of Resource and Safety Engineering China University of Mining ＆ Technology （Beijing） Beijing 100083 China State Key Lab of Coal Resources and Safe Mining China University of Mining ＆ Technology （Beijing） Beijing 100083 China

The influence of gas drainage on float coal spontaneous combustion in the work face with ＂U＂ style ventilation was studied. Numerical simulation was used to compare the mutative law of steady flow and density field in the gob area under different drainage conditions by solving the equation set, including mass, momentum, and component transition. Consequently, the sequence of drainage effect and safety was obtained. The result manifests that the more effective the drainage pattern is, the easier float coal spontaneous combustion is caused due to air being guided into the depth of the gob area when the drainage position is arranged in the gas accumulation area. If the widened scope of oxidation zone exceeds the upper limit of the work face advancing speed, nitrogen injection should be applied to decrease the probability of spontaneous combustion. Then, the pipe laying drainage in the upper angle is most economical and safe compared with other drainage patterns when only the situation of gas accumulation is controlled in the upper angle. Finally, drainage pressure must not be too great. Otherwise the drainage density will decrease even if hazard is caused by back flow possibly happening in the return outlet when the drainage position is arranged near the work face.

关键词： gas drainage float coal spontaneous combustion numerical simulation drainage pattern drainage effect and safety

Experimental Investigation on the Effect of Mainstream Turbulence on Full Coverage Film Cooling Effectiveness for a Turbine Guide Vane

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Journal of Thermal Science 2019年第1期28卷 145-157页

作者： FU Zhongyi zhu Huiren CHENG Lijian JIANG ru School of Power and Energy Northwestern Polytechnical University

Experiments have been performed to investigate the effect of mainstream turbulence on the three-dimensional distribution of the full coverage film cooling effectiveness for two enlarged actual twisted vanes with cylindrical or shaped holes. The film cooling effectiveness was measured by transient liquid crystal technique at mainstream turbulence intensities of 2%, 9% and 15%. The mass flow rate ratios range from 5.5% to 12.5%. There are 3, 8 and 7 rows of film holes on the suction side, leading edge and pressure side, respectively. Results show that for the cylindrical hole vane the high mainstream turbulence intensity decreases the film cooling effectiveness in the top region and down region of pressure side in the low mass flow rate ratio of 5.5%, while the effect is opposite in the high mass flow rate ratio of 12.5%. The film cooling effectiveness in the middle region of pressure side decreases obviously with the increase of the turbulence at the low mass flow rate ratio of 5.5%, while the influence of increasing turbulence weakens gradually with the increase of mass flow rate ratio. Moreover, the high mainstream turbulence improves the film cooling effectiveness in the further downstream of the holes on suction side at the high mass flow rate ratio of 12.5%. For the shaped hole vane, the increase of mainstream turbulence decreases the film cooling effectiveness at all mass flow rate ratios. This study reveals the influence rule of the mainstream turbulence on the film cooling effectiveness in the different regions of the three-dimensional vane surface. The results would guide the designs of engineering heat transfer with application in gas turbine blade/vane cooling.

关键词： film cooling effectiveness turbulence intensity mass flow rate ratio turbine guide vane

CHEMICAL BEHAVIOR OF CERIUM ELEMENT IN ROCK WEATHERING SYSTEM

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 1999年第1期9卷 160-166页

作者： Chi, ru'an zhu, Guocai Zhang, Ping Xu, Yinghui Tsinghua Univ Beijing China

１ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＴｈｅｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｎｉｃｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｏｆｇｒｏｕｎｄｓｔａｔｅａｔｏｍｃｅｒｉｕｍｉｓＸｅ４ｆ１５ｄ１６ｓ２，ａｎｄｔｈｅｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｎｉｃｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｏｆｔｒｉｖａｌｅｎｔ... 详细信息

１ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＴｈｅｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｎｉｃｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｏｆｇｒｏｕｎｄｓｔａｔｅａｔｏｍｃｅｒｉｕｍｉｓＸｅ４ｆ１５ｄ１６ｓ２，ａｎｄｔｈｅｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｎｉｃｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｏｆｔｒｉｖａｌｅｎｔｏｘｉｄｉｚｉｎｇｓｔａｔｅｉｓＸ...

关键词： cerium rare earth ore weathering system chemical behavior

Cosmic Wave Functions with the Brans-Dicke Theory

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Chinese Physics Letters 2000年第11期17卷 856-858页

作者： zhu Zong-hong Beijing Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100012 National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100012 Institute of theoretical Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100080

Using the standard Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin method,the Wheeler-DeWitt equation for the Brans-Dicke theory is solved under three kinds of boundary conditions(proposed by Hartle-Hawking,Vilenkin and Linde,respectively).It is found that,although the gravitational and cosmological“constants”are dynamical and time-dependent in the classical models,they will acquire constant values when the universe comes from the quantum creation,and that in particular,the amplitude of the resulting wave function under Linde or Vilenkin boundary conditions reaches its maximum if the cosmological constant is the minimum.

关键词： Dicke boundary constants

CAVITATING SUPPRESSION OF LOW SPECIFIC SPEED CENTRIFUGAL PUMP WITH GAP DRAINAGE BLADES

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2012年第5期24卷 729-736页

作者： zhu Bing CHEN hong-xun Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mechanics in Energy Engineering Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200072China

This paper aims to clarify the cavitation suppression mechanism of the gap structure impeller based on the analysis of cavitation characteristics in a low specific speed centrifugal pump. In order to obtain reliable and consistent numerical results, some numerical considerations and modeling methodology were demonstrated and researched, and a check of the time and space resolution were also conducted. Hence the predicted cavitation performance of the two centrifugal pumps were investigated and compared with experimental results, and they were in qualitative agreement. It was confirmed that the new gap structure impeller has a very good characteristic of inhibiting cavitation, especially in large flow area, the present numerical method can effectively capture the major internal flow features in the centrifugal pump, through the comparison of the two type impeller flow fields, the cavitation suppression mechanism of the gap impeller may be the combination effects of the small vice blade＇s guiding flow and gap tunnel＇s auto-balancing of pressure.

关键词： Low Specific Speed Centrifugal Pump (LSSCP) gap drainage blade cavitation suppression numerical simulation