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Fouling distribution in forward osmosis membrane process

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2014年第6期26卷 1348-1354页

作者： Junseok Lee Bongchul kim Seungkwan hong School of Civil Environmental & Architectural Engineering Korea University

Fouling behavior along the length of membrane module was systematically investigated by performing simple modeling and lab-scale experiments of forward osmosis （FO） membrane process. The flux distribution model developed in this study showed a good agreement with experimental results, validating the robustness of the model. This model demonstrated, as expected, that the permeate flux decreased along the membrane channel due to decreasing osmotic pressure differential across the FO membrane. A series of fouling experiments were conducted under the draw and feed solutions at various recoveries simulated by the model. The simulated fouling experiments revealed that higher organic （alginate） fouling and thus more flux decline were observed at the last section of a membrane channel, as foulants in feed solution became more concentrated. Furthermore, the water flux in FO process declined more severely as the recovery increased due to more foulants transported to membrane surface with elevated solute concentrations at higher recovery, which created favorable solution environments for organic adsorption. The fouling reversibility also decreased at the last section of the membrane channel, suggesting that fouling distribution on FO membrane along the module should be carefully examined to improve overall cleaning efficiency. Lastly, it was found that such fouling distribution observed with co-current flow operation became less pronounced in counter- current flow operation of FO membrane process.

关键词： forward osmosis membrane module length organic fouling fouling reversibility counter-current flow FO operation

Evaluation of immobilizing agents as soil quality conditioners in addition to their metal(loid) immobilizing effect

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Pedosphere 2022年第2期32卷 307-316页

作者： Chaw Su LWIN Mina LEE Young-nam kim Gary OWENS Kwon-Rae kim Department of Soil and Water Science Yezin Agricultural UniversityYezinNaypyitaw 15013Myanmar Department of Smart-Agro Industry Gyeongsang National UniversityJinju 52725Korea Institute of Agriculture and Life Science(IALS) Gyeongsang National UniversityJinju 52828Korea Environmental Contaminants Group Future Industries InstituteUniversity of South AustralianMawson Lakes SA 5095Australia

In trace metal (TM)-contaminated agricultural soils,management of TM availability is important for safe crop *** addition,maintenance or improvement of soil quality is vital for sustainable crop *** TM phytoavailability and increased soil quality can be achieved by the application of various immobilizing agents to soil,which can supply both macronutrients and organic *** study investigated the long-term influences of four common immobilizing agents on soil biogeochemical properties and the phytoavailability of TMs in mixed metal-contaminated soil from a cultivated upland near an abandoned mining *** (L),gypsum (G),fly ash (F),and animal manure-based compost (C) were applied to pots containing contaminated soil,either individually or in *** incubation for three years under sequential cultivation of two crops and fallow,soil biogeochemical properties were determined,and Brassica rapa plant bioassay was *** phytoavailability of all TMs (both cationic metals and anionic metalloids) remained significantly lower in soils treated with immobilizing agents even after three years,when compared with the no-agent control (CK) *** addition,the soil quality was significantly improved by treatment with immobilizing *** instance,the C and L+C treatments were the most effective in improving soil physical (bulk density,porosity,and water-resistant aggregate stability),chemical (pH,organic matter,total nitrogen,cation exchange capacity,and plant-available phosphorus,magnesium,and potassium),and biological (microbial biomass carbon and dehydrogenase activity) *** improvement of soil properties and lowering of TM bioavailability were also consistent with the most significant increase in *** biomass production observed in the C treatment,followed by the L+C,G+F,L,G,F,and L+G treatments,as compared with that in *** results indicate that the function of the TM-immobilizing agent as a soil qualit

关键词： crop production metal bioavailability metal immobilization metal phytoavailability soil amendments soil biogeochemical properties soil remediation trace metals

Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of a novel PDE5 inhibitor,SK-3530,in rats

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Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2007年第8期28卷 1247-1253页

作者： Hye-hyun YOO nam-sun kim Guang-jin Im Dong-hyun kim Bioanalysis and Biotransformation Research Center Korea Institute of Science & Technology Seoul 136-791Korea Life Science RD Center SK ChemicalsGyeonggi-do 440-300Korea

Aim:To investigate the pharmacokinetic profile and tissue distribution of a novelphosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor,5-ethyl-2-{5-[4-（2-hydroxy-ethyl）-piperazine-1-sulfonyl]-2-propoxy-phenyl}-7-propyl-3,5-dihydro-pyrrolo（3,2-d）pyrimidin-4-one（SK-3530）,in rats after administration of the14C-labeled ***:The pharmacokinetic parameters of SK-3530 were measured based on the totalradioactivity and parent SK-3530 concentration in rat plasma after intravenousand oral *** tissue distribution of total radioactivity after a singleoral administration of[14C]SK-3530 at a dose of 40 mg/kg was *** protein binding rates of SK-3530 were assessed by in vitro and ex ***:The total radioactivity profiles showed linear *** maximum plasma concentration and area under the curve of the parent SK3530were 10%-20% compared to those of the total *** the oral admin-istration of[14C]SK-3530,the radioactivity was widely distributed in all tissues,and the tissue/plasma ratio of the radioactivity 1 h after administration was calcu-lated as 0.5-2.6 with the exception of excretory organs.A relatively high penetra-tion was shown in the adrenal glands,liver,and *** vitro and ex vivo plasmaprotein binding assay by ultrafiltration showed a considerably high binding rateof more than 97%.Conclusion:SK-3530 was relatively well absorbed in the gas-trointestinal tract and showed linear pharmacokinetics over the investigated ***-3530 had low oral bioavailability due to a high,first-pass metabolism.

关键词： SK-3530 PDE5 inhibitor pharmacokinetics tissue distribution rats

The role of extracellular vesicles in animal reproduction and diseases

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2022年第6期13卷 1634-1656页

作者： Sangiliyandi Gurunathan Min-Hee Kang Hyuk Song nam Hyung kim Jin-Hoi kim Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology Konkuk UniversitySeoul 05029Korea Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal models for Biomedicine Wuyi UniversityJiangmen 529020China

Extracellular vesicles(EVs)are nanosized membrane-enclosed compartments that serve as messengers in cell-to-cell communication,both in normal physiology and in pathological *** can transfer functional proteins and genetic information to alter the phenotype and function of recipient cells,which undergo different changes that positively affect their structural and functional *** fluids are enriched with several subpopulations of EVs,including exosomes,microvesicles(MVs),and apoptotic bodies carrying several cargoes,such as lipids,proteins,and nucleic *** associated with the reproductive system are actively involved in the regulation of different physiological events,including gamete maturation,fertilization,and embryo and fetal *** can influence follicle development,oocyte maturation,embryo production,and endometrial-conceptus *** loaded with cargoes are used to diagnose various diseases,including pregnancy disorders;however,these are dependent on the type of cell of origin and pathological ***-derived microRNAs(miRNAs)and proteins in the placenta regulate inflammatory responses and trophoblast invasion through intercellular delivery in the placental *** review presents evidence regarding the types of extracellular vesicles,and general aspects of isolation,purification,and characterization of EVs,particularly from various types of ***,we discuss EVs as mediators and messengers in reproductive biology,the effects of EVs on placentation and pregnancy disorders,the role of EVs in animal reproduction,in the male reproductive system,and mother and embryo *** addition,we emphasize the role of microRNAs in embryo implantation and the role of EVs in reproductive and therapeutic ***,we discuss the future perspectives of EVs in reproductive biology.

关键词： Embryos Extracellular vesicles Implantation MicroRNA Pregnancy disorders

Polygonal multi-polymorphed Li4Ti5Oi2@rutile TiO2 as anodes in lithium-ion batteries

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Nano Research 2019年第4期12卷 897-904页

作者： Chang Hyun Hwang Hee-eun kim Inho nam Jin Ho Bang Department ofBionano Technology Hanyang University 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro Sangnok-gu Ansan Gyeonggi-do 15588 Republic of Korea School of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science Chung-Ang University 84 Heukseok-ro Dongjak-gu Seoul 06974 Republic of Korea Department of Chemical and Molecular Engineering Hanyang University 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro Sangnok-gu Ansan Gyeonggi-do 15588 Republic of Korea

Li4Ti50i2 (LTO) has attracted considerable attention in lithium-ion battery (LIB) applications because of its favorable characteristics as an anode material. Despite its promise, the widespread use of LTO is still limited primarily due to its intrinsically poor electric and ionic con ductivities and high surface reactivity. To address these issues, we desig ned polyg onal nano architectures composed of various Li-Ti oxide crystal polymorphs by a facile synthesis route. Depending on the pH condition, this synthesis approach yields multi-polymorphed Li-Ti oxides where the interior is dominantly composed of a Li-rich phase and the exterior is a Li-deficient (or Li-free) phase. As one of these variations, a polygonal LTO-rutile TiO2 structure is formed. The rutile TiO2 on the surface of this LTO composite significantly improves the kinetics of Li^+ insertion/extraction because the channel along the o-axis in TQ2 provides a Li^+ highway due to the significantly low energy barrier for Li^+ diffusion. Moreover, the presenee of rutile TiO2, which is less reactive with a carbonate-based electrolyte, ensures Iong-term stability by suppress)ng the undesirable interfacial reaction on LTO.

关键词： micro-polygon structure Li-Ti oxide multi-polymorphs Li4Ti5Oi2@ rutile TiO2 anode lithium-ion batteries

Imidazole linker‐induced covalent triazine framework-ZIF hybrids for confined hollow carbon super‐heterostructures toward a long‐life supercapacitor

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Carbon Energy 2023年第10期5卷 25-39页

作者： Madagonda MVadiyar Ji‐Young kim Jee‐Hwan Bae Kyung‐Wan nam Department of Energy and Materials Engineering Dongguk UniversitySeoulSouth Korea Advanced Analysis&Data Center Korea Institute of Science and Technology(KIST)SeoulSouth Korea Advanced Energy and Electronic Materials Research Center Dongguk UniversitySeoulSouth Korea

Carbon super-heterostructures with high nitrogen contents from the covalent hybrid precursors of covalent triazine frameworks(CTFs)and zeolitic imidazolic frameworks(ZIFs)are scarcely explored because of CTF's ordered structure and toxic superacid that dissolves or destabilizes the metal *** solve this problem,herein,we report a straightforward two-step pathway for the covalent hybridization of disordered CTF(d–CTF)–ZIF composites via preincorporation of an imidazole(IM)linker into ordered CTFs,followed by the imidazole-site-specific covalent growth of *** carbonization of these synthesized d–CTF−IM−ZIF hybrids results in unique hollow carbon super-heterostructures with ultrahigh nitrogen content(>18.6%),high specific surface area(1663m^(2)g^(−1)),and beneficial trace metal(Co/Zn NPs)contents for promoting the redox *** proof of concept,the obtained carbon super-heterostructure(Co–Zn–NC_(SNH)–800)is used as a positive electrode in an asymmetric supercapacitor,demonstrating a remarkable energy density of 61Wh kg^(−1)and extraordinary cyclic stability of 97%retention after 30,000 cycles at the cell *** presynthetic modifications of CTF and their covalent hybridization with ZIF crystals pave the way toward new design strategies for synthesizing functional porous carbon materials for promising energy applications.

关键词： asymmetric supercapacitor defective covalent triazine frameworks hollow carbon superheterostructures linker defect

关于动画帧结构装置的相关研究——以罗伯特·布里尔的作品为例

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当代动画 2024年第2期 116-123页

作者： [韩]金鸿钧石璨韩国韩瑞大学艺术学院中南财经政法大学中韩新媒体学院

动画的媒体特征与实拍电影不同,其中之一便是帧生成方式的差异。不同于实拍电影通过连续拍摄生成纪录图像,动画作品是以分帧拍摄方式手动生成图像。相较于动画作品,强调图像联想和非连续性的实验动画中的帧,是一种独立的空间,形成自我... 详细信息

动画的媒体特征与实拍电影不同,其中之一便是帧生成方式的差异。不同于实拍电影通过连续拍摄生成纪录图像,动画作品是以分帧拍摄方式手动生成图像。相较于动画作品,强调图像联想和非连续性的实验动画中的帧,是一种独立的空间,形成自我指向性联想体系,强调视觉吸引的自律特性。罗伯特·布里尔的作品《富士》是体现动画帧结构特性的作品,由写实影像、转描技术以及抽象形态和多种彩色技法构成,让观众感受不同电影的形式特点。在这部作品中,观众可以体验到包括帧的独立性及连续性、空间和时间、现实和再现、二维和三维、连续和断裂等在内的无数双重结构,其装置特性主要在于突出单帧独立空间的自律特性。

关键词：帧实验动画自律性联想

Direct dynamic-simulation approach to trajectory optimization

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2021年第10期34卷 6-19页

作者： Sung Wook HUR Seong Han LEE Yong Hyeon nam Chang-Joo kim Department of Aerospace Information Engineering Konkuk UniversitySeoul 05029Republic of Korea

This paper proposes a new direct method for an efficient trajectory optimization using the point that the dynamics of a deterministic system are uniquely determined by initial states and controls imposed over the time horizon of *** effectively implement this concept,the Hermite spline is adopted to interpolate the continuous controls and the system dynamics are integrated with corresponding control parameters in *** a result,the optimal control problem can be transcribed into a nonlinear programming problem which has no dynamic equality constraints and no intermediate states in its design *** addition,the paper proposes an efficient recursive Jacobian estimation technique and introduces a Jacobian transformation matrix to straightforwardly handle the general state *** properties of the present method are thoroughly investigated through its applications to the trajectory optimization for a soft lunar landing from a parking orbit,including the detailed analyses for the de-orbiting *** computed results are compared with those using the pseudo-spectral method to demonstrate an extreme outperformance of the proposed method in the aerospace applications over the traditional direct method.

关键词： Trajectory optimization Direct method Hermite spline interpolation Pseudo-spectral integrator Soft lunar landing

Novel endogenous endoplasmic reticulum transmembrane protein SURF4 suppresses cell death by negatively regulating the STING-STAT6 axis inmyeloid leukemia

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Cancer Communications 2023年第3期43卷 395-399页

作者： Jayoung kim Hansong Lee Chae Mi hong Ji Ho nam Hye Ju Yeo Woo Hyun Cho Hyung-Sik kim Changwan hong Yun Hak kim Dongjun Lee Department of Convergence Medicine School of MedicinePusan National UniversityYangsanGyeongsangnam-do 50612Republic of Korea Department of Biomedical Informatics School of MedicinePusan National UniversityYangsanGyeongsangnam-do 50612Republic of Korea Department of Radiation Oncology School of MedicinePusan National UniversityYangsanGyeongsangnam-do 50612Republic of Korea Division of Allergy Pulmonaryand Critical Care MedicineDepartment of Internal MedicinePusan National University Yangsan HospitalYangsanGyeongsangnam-do 50612Republic of Korea Department of Oral Pathology Dental and Life Science InstituteSchool of DentistryPusan National UniversityYangsanGyeongsangnam-do 50612Republic of Korea Department of Anatomy School of MedicinePusan National UniversityYangsanGyeongsangnam-do 50612Republic of Korea

Dear Editor,Myeloid differentiation was shown to be associated with reduced leukemic cell burden and leukemia-initiating cells and improved survival[1].Reactive oxygen species(ROS)are associated with leukemia and can induce endoplasmic reticulum(ER)*** stress induces several mechanisms,including cell death[2].The stimulator of interferon genes(STING)is also an ER transmembrane protein and promotes anti-tumor immunity by linking innate and adaptive immunity[3].Signal transducer and activator of transcription 6(STAT6)plays a prominent role in adaptive immunity by transducing signals fromextracellular cytokines and inducing apoptosis in cancer cells[4].

关键词： STAT6 immunity reticulum