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抗肥胖症药物市场需求旺盛

Engineering 2024年第1期32卷 4-6页

作者： Sarah c.P.Williams Senior Technology Writer

In early September 2023,when its market cap jumped to 428 billion USD,a valuation topping the estimated 2022 gross domestic product of its Scandinavian home country,the drugmaker Novo Nordisk(Bagsværd,Denmark)briefly eclipsed the French luxury brand conglomerateLMVH(Paris,France)as Europe's most valuable company[1].The reason for the company's soaring worth?Its already best-selling weight loss drug Wegovy was being released to patients in the United Kingdom.

关键词： market French briefly

Association between Mental Disorders and Subsequent Medical conditions

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四川生理科学杂志 2024年第4期46卷 217-217页

作者： Natalie c Momen National center for Register-based Research School of Business and Social Sciences at Aarhus Uni versity 8210 Aarhus V Denmark. center for Integrated Register-based Research the Departments of Biomedicine-Human Genetics and Public Health the Center for Integrative Sequencing and the Big Data Center for Environment and Health Aarhus University. Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research the center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine the Department of Neurology and the Research Unit Department of Psychosis Aarhus University Hospital and the Research Unit for General Practice Aarhus the Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health Mental Health Center Copenhagen Copenhagen University Hospital Psychiatric Center Copenhagen. Department of Health care Policy Harvard Medical School Boston the Neurogenomics Division Translational Genomics Research Institute Phoenix AZ the Department of Psychological Medicine Dunedin School of Medicine University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand Sievert Consulting Minneapolis and the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle. Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences the Department of clinical Medicine and the Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Center GLOBE Institute University of Copenhagen Copenhagen and the Institute of Biological Psychiatry Mental Health Center Sankt Hans Mental Health Services Capital Region Roskilde Denmark the National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre University of New South Wales Sydney. Departments of Psychology and Developmental Psychology Heymans Institute and the Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation University of Groningen Groningen the Netherlands. Department of General Practice Melbourne Medical School University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC and the Queensland Brain Institute Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research the Park Centre for Mental Health and the School of Public Health Faculty of Medicine University of Queensland

Background:Persons with mental disorders are at a higher risk than the general population for the subsequent development of certain medical ***:We used a population-based cohort from Danish national registries that included data on more than 5.9 million persons born in Denmark from 1900 through 2015 and followed them from 2000 through 2016,for a total of 83.9 million person-years.

关键词： conditions milli population

Dialectical Thermodynamics’Solution to the conceptual Imbroglio That Is the Reversible Path

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Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and cosmology 2024年第2期10卷 775-799页

作者： José c. Íñiguez Independent Researcher Douglas USA

According to the second law of thermodynamics, as currently understood, any given transit of a system along the reversible path proceeds with a total entropy c.ange equal to zero. The fact that this condition is also the identifier of thermodynamic equilibrium, makes each and every point along the reversible path a state of equilibrium, and the reversible path, as expressed by a noted thermodynamic author, “a dense succession of equilibrium states”. The difficulties with these notions are plural. The fact, for example, that systems need to be forced out of equilibrium via the expenditure of work, would make any spontaneous reversible process a consumer of work, this in opposition to common thermodynamic wisdom that makes spontaneous reversible processes the most efficient transformers of work-producing-potential into actual work. The solution to this and other related impasses is provided by Dialectical Thermodynamics via its previously proved notion assigning a negative entropy c.ange to the energy upgrading process represented by the transformation of heat into work. The said solution is here exemplified with the ideal-gas phase isomerization of butane into isobutane.

关键词： Thermodynamic Reversibility Solution to Inconsistencies Dialectical Thermodynamics

A Bayesian Mixture Model Approach to Disparity Testing

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Applied Mathematics 2024年第3期15卷 214-234页

作者： Gary c. McDonald Department of Mathematics and Statistics Oakland University Rochester USA

The topic of this article is one-sided hypothesis testing for disparity, i.e., the mean of one group is larger than that of another when there is uncertainty as to which group a datum is drawn. For each datum, the uncertainty is captured with a given discrete probability distribution over the groups. Such situations arise, for example, in the use of Bayesian imputation methods to assess race and ethnicity disparities with certain insurance, health, and financial data. A widely used method to implement this assessment is the Bayesian Improved Surname Geocoding (BISG) method which assigns a discrete probability over six race/ethnicity groups to an individual given the individual’s surname and address location. Using a Bayesian framework and Markov chain Monte carlo sampling from the joint posterior distribution of the group means, the probability of a disparity hypothesis is estimated. Four methods are developed and compared with an illustrative data set. Three of these methods are implemented in an R-code and one method in WinBUGS. These methods are programed for any number of groups between two and six inclusive. All the codes are provided in the appendices.

关键词： Bayesian Improved Surname and Geocoding (BISG) Mixture Likelihood Function Posterior Distribution Metropolis-Hastings Algorithms Random Walk chain Independence chain Gibbs Sampling WinBUGS

Insights and implications of sexual dimorphism in osteoporosis

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Bone Research 2024年第1期12卷 20-49页

作者： Yuan-Yuan Zhang Na Xie Xiao-Dong Sun Edouard c.Nice Yih-cherng Liou canhua Huang Huili Zhu Zhisen Shen Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial TechnologyWest China School of PharmacySichuan UniversityChengdu 610041China West china School of Basic Medical Sciences&Forensic Medicine Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610041China Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Monash UniversityClaytonVIC 3800Australia Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of ScienceNational University of SingaporeSingapore 117543Republic of Singapore Department of Biotherapy Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospitaland West China School of Basic Medical Sciences&Forensic MedicineSichuan UniversityChengdu 610041China Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and children of Ministry of Education Department of Reproductive MedicineWest China Second University Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery The Affiliated Lihuili HospitalNingbo University315040 NingboZhejiangChina

Osteoporosis,a metabolic bone disease characterized by low bone mineral density and deterioration of bone microarchitecture,has led to a high risk of fatal osteoporotic fractures *** evidence has revealed that sexual dimorphism is a notable feature of osteoporosis,with sex-specific differences in epidemiology and ***,females are more susceptible than males to osteoporosis,while males are more prone to disability or death from the *** date,sex chromosome abnormalities and steroid hormones have been proven to contribute greatly to sexual dimorphism in osteoporosis by regulating the functions of bone *** the sex-specific differences in osteoporosis and its related complications is essential for improving treatment strategies tailored to women and *** literature review focuses on the mec.anisms underlying sexual dimorphism in osteoporosis,mainly in a population of aging patients,chronic glucocorticoid administration,and ***,we highlight the implications of sexual dimorphism for developing therapeutics and preventive strategies and screening approaches tailored to women and ***,the challenges in translating bench research to bedside treatments and future directions to overcome these obstacles will be discussed.

关键词： osteoporosis epidemiology overcome

Floristic composition and edaphic relationships in ferruginous campo rupestre reference ecosystems

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第3期21卷 719-733页

作者： G.Wilson FERNANDES Letícia RAMOS Dario c.PAIVA Jéssica cUNHA-BLUM Vanessa Matos GOMES Daniel NEGREIROS Ecologia Evolutiva&Biodiversidade Departamento de GenéticaEcologia e Evolução/ICBUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais31270-901Belo HorizonteMGBrazil Knowledge center for Biodiversity 31270-901Belo HorizonteMGBrazil Department of Biological Sciences Institute of EnvironmentFlorida International UniversityMiamiFL 33199USA Programa de Pós Graduação em Biodiversidade e Uso dos Recursos Naturais Universidade Estadual de Montes ClarosMontes ClarosMGBrazil Laboratório de Estudo das Relações Solo-Planta Departamento de SolosUniversidade Federal Rural do Rio de JaneiroSeropédicaRGBrazil

Land use c.ange and occupation have led to modifications in the environment causing loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services throughout the *** environments with high economic relevance,such as the ferruginous campo rupestre(rupestrian grassland known as canga in Brazil),are even more susceptible to severe impacts due to their extreme habitat conditions and low *** determination of reference ecosystems based on the intrinsic characteristics of the ecosystem is essential for conservation as well as to the implementation of ecological *** proposed the reference ecosystem of the three main types of habitats of the ferruginous campo rupestre based on their floristic *** described the floristic composition of each habitat and evaluated the physicochemical properties of the soils and the relationship between plants and *** three habitats showed high diversity of plant species and many endemic species,such as chamaecrista choriophylla,cuphea pseudovaccinium,Lychnophora pinaster,and Vellozia *** distribution of vegetation was strongly related with the edaphic characteristics,with a set of species more adapted to high concentration of base saturation,fine sand,organic carbon,and iron,while another set of species succeeded in more acidic soils with higher S and silt *** provide support for the contention that the ferruginous campo rupestre is a mosaic of different habitats shaped by intrinsic local *** to recognize the floristic composition of each particular habitat can lead to inappropriate restoration,increased habitat homogenization and increased loss of biodiversity and ecosystem *** study also advances the knowledge base for building the reference ecosystem for the different types of ferruginous campo rupestre habitats,as well as a key database for highlighting those species contribute most to community assembly in this diverse and threatened tropical mountain ecosystem.

关键词： canga Ecological restoration Extreme ecosystem Non-forest ecosystems Rupestrian grassland Taxon environment relationships

The anti-inflammatory effects of exercise on autoimmune diseases:A 20-year systematic review

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第3期13卷 353-367,I0001页

作者： Beibei Luo Dao Xiang Xiaorong Ji Xuan chen Rui Li Shuxin Zhang Yujun Meng David c.Nieman Peijie chen School of Exercise and Health Shanghai University of SportShanghai 200438China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Human Performance Shanghai University of SportShanghai 200438China Department of Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine Naval Medical CenterShanghai 200433China National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation Naval Medical UniversityShanghai 200433China Human Performance Laboratory Appalachian State UniversityNorth Carolina Research CampusKannapolisNC 28081USA Research Institute for Doping control Shanghai University of SportShanghai 200438China

Background:The anti-inflammatory effect of exercise may be an underlying factor in improving several autoimmune *** aim of this systematic review was to examine the evidence on the role of exercise training in mitigating inflammation in adolescents and adults with autoimmune ***:PubMed,Web of Science,and Embase databases were systematically reviewed for related studies published between January 1,2003,and August 31,*** randomized and non-randomized controlled trials of exercise interventions with autoimmune disease study participants that evaluated inflammation-related biomarkers were *** quality of evidence was assessed using the Tool for the assEssment of Study qualiTy and reporting in EXercise scale and cochrane bias risk ***:A total of 14,565 records were *** screening the titles,abstracts,and full texts,87 were eligible for the systematic *** studies were conducted in 25 different countries and included a total of 2779 participants(patients with autoimmune disease,in exercise or control groups).Overall,the evidence suggests that inflammation-related markers such as c-reactive protein,interleukin 6,and tumor necrosis factor a were reduced by regular exercise *** exercise interventions combined with multiple exercise modes were associated with greater ***:Regular exercise training by patients with autoimmune disease exerts an anti-inflammatory *** systematic review provides support for the promotion and development of clinical exercise intervention programs for patients with autoimmune *** patients with autoimmune disease can safely adopt moderate exercise training protocols,but c.anges in inflammation biomarkers will be modest at *** exercise interventions are ineffective or even modestly but transiently pro-inflammatory.

关键词： Autoimmune diseases cytokines Inflammation Physical activity Training

In situ digital testing method for quality assessment of soft soil improvement with polyurethane

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Journal of Rock Mec.anics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第5期16卷 1732-1748页

作者： X.F.Wang c.J.Wang W.V.Yue Z.J.Zhang Z.Q.Yue Department of civil Engineering China University of Geosciences (Beijing)BeijingChina Department of Water Science and Engineering Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina Department of Geotechnical Engineering Tongji UniversityShanghaiChina Department of civil Engineering The University of Hong KongChina

This study purposes an in situ testing method on quality assessment of soil *** drilling data includes the spatial distribution and in situ strength of untreated and treated soil along three different drillholes measured by on-site drilling monitoring *** factual drilling data can characterize the degree of soil improvement by penetration injection with permeable *** from on-site drilling monitoring shows that the linear zones represent constant drilling speeds shown in the plot of drill bit advancement *** drilling time,which indicates the spatial distributions of soil *** soil profile at the study site is composed of four layers,which includes fill,untreated silty clay,treated silty clay,and mucky *** results of soil profile are verified by the parallel site *** constant drilling speeds profile the coring-resistant strength of drilled *** comparing with the untreated silty clay,the constant drilling speeds of the treated silty clay have been decreased by 13.0-62.8%.Two drilling-speed-based indices of 61.2%and 65.6%are proposed to assess the decreased average drilling speed and the increased in situ strength of treated silty *** tests,*** compressive strength(UcS)test,have been performed with core sample to investigate and characterize in situ strength by comparing that with drilling *** show that the average predicted strengths of treated silty clay are 2.4-6.9 times higher than the average measured strength of untreated silty *** UcS-based indices of 374.5%and 344.2%verified the quality assessment(QA)results by this new in situ *** method provides a cost-effective tool for quality assessment of soil improvement by utilizing the digital drilling data.

关键词： Drilling process monitoring system Hydraulic rotary drilling process constant drilling speed Soil improvement Quality assessment

In vivo measurement of NADH fluorescence lifetime in skeletal muscle via -ber-coupled time-correlated single photon counting

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2024年第1期17卷 121-134页

作者： Kathryn M.Priest Jacob V.Schluns Nathania Nischal colton L.Gattis Jeffrey c.Wolchok Timothy J.Muldoon Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Arkansas FayettevilleARUSA

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NADH)is a cofactor that serves to shuttle electrons during metabolic processes such as glycolysis,the tricarboxylic acid cycle,and oxidative phosphorylation(OXPhoS).NADH is autofluorescent,and itsfluorescence lifetime can be used to infer metabolic dynamics in living ***-coupled time-correlated single photon counting(TcSPc)equipped with an implantable needle probe can be used to measure NADH lifetime in vivo,enabling investigation of c.anging metabolic demand during muscle contraction or tissue *** study illustrates a proof of concept for point-based,minimally-invasive NADHfluorescence lifetime measurement in *** muscle loss(VML)injuries were created in the left tibialis anterior(TA)muscle of male Sprague Dawley *** lifetime measurements were collected before,during,and after a 30 s tetanic contraction in the injured and uninjured TA muscles,which was subsequently-t to a biexponential decay model to yield a metric of NADH utilization(cytoplasmic vs protein-bound NADH,the A11/A22 ratio).On average,this ratio was higher during and after contraction in uninjured muscle compared to muscle at rest,suggesting higher levels of free NADH in contrac.ing and recovering muscle,indicating increased rates of *** injured muscle,this ratio was higher than uninjured muscle overall but decreased over time,which is consistent with current knowledge of inflammatory response to injury,suggesting tissue regeneration has *** data suggest that-ber-coupled TcSPc has the potential to measure c.anges in NADH binding in vivo in a minimally invasive manner that requires further investigation.

关键词： Glycolysis oxidative phosphorylation energy metabolism volumetric muscle loss