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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第45期12卷 7299-7303页

作者： Osamu Takasawa Naotaka Fujita Go Kobayashi Yutaka Noda Kei ito Jun Horaguchi Sendai City Medical Center Gastroenterology 5-22-1 Tsurugaya Miyaginoku Sendai Miyagi 983-0824 Japan

AIM: To assess optimum endoscopic biliary drainage (EBD) in cases with unresectable pancreatic cancer in the era of gemcitabine (GEM). METHODS: Thirty patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer, who presented with jaundice and underwent chemotherapy using GEM after EBD were included in this study (GEM group). Fifteen cases with the same clinical manifestation and stage of pancreatic cancer treated with EBD alone were also included as controls. A covered metallic stent (CMS) or a plastic stent (PS) was used for EBD. The mean survival time (MST) in each group, risk factors of survival time, type of stent used and associated survival time, occlusion rate of stent, patency period of stent, and risk factors of stent occlusion were evaluated. RESULTS: MST in the GEM group was longer than that in the control (9.9 mo vs 6.2 mo). In the GEM group, the survival time was not different between those who underwent metallic stenting and those who underwent plastic stenting. Stent occlusion occurred in 60% of the PS group and 7% of the CMS group. The median stent patency in the PS-GEM group and the CMS-GEM group was 5 mo and 7.5 mo, respectively. Use of a PS was the only risk factor of stent occlusion. CONCLUSION: A CMS is recommended in cases presenting with jaundice due to unresectable pancreatic cancer, since the use of a CMS makes it possible to continue chemotherapy using GEM without repetition of stent replacement.

关键词： Gemcitabine chemotherapy Endoscopic biliary drainage Covered metallic stent Pancreatic cancer Unresectable pancreatic cancer Obstructive jaundice

Correlation between Sex Stages and Leaf Numbers in Arisaema tosaenseMakino (Araceae)

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2012年第1期3卷 114-118页

作者： Yuko Muramatsu Kanako Matsuyama hiroshi Hayakawa Yukio Minamiya Katsura ito Ryo Arakawa Tatsuya Fukuda 不详

Arisaema tosaense Makino develops either 1 or 2 leaves during both the male and female phases. To clarify the relationship between growth stage (sexual stage) and leaf number in this species, we conducted morphological analysis using A. tosaense, A. japonicum Bulme, A. sikokianum French. & Sav., and A. ringens (Thunb.) Schott. We found that increase in size of pseudostem of these Arisaema species is correlated to changes in the growth stage from sterile to male and from male to female phases. In particular, 1-leaf individuals of A. tosaense appeared at the beginning of both male and female phases, suggesting that they contribute to the earlier appearance of the fertile phase from sterile

关键词： Araceae Arisaema tosaense Fertile Phases Leaf Number Morphology

S-Shaped Fused Azacorannulene Dimer:Structural and Redox Properties

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CCS Chemistry 2023年第5期5卷 1108-1117页

作者： Weifan Wang Fiona Hanindita Richard D.Webster Shingo ito Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry School of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 637371

Because of their unique structural and chemical properties,buckybowl molecules have attracted considerable attention in a wide range of scientific *** importance and utility of buckybowl molecules significantly increases once they acquire largerπ-surface area and/or *** fusion of buckybowl molecules has emerged as a new strategy to extend theπ-surface of polycyclic aromatic compounds;however,theπ-extension of heteroatom-embedded buckybowls by the fusion strategy is still *** we report the synthesis and propeties of a fused azacorannulene dimer bearing a C62N2 core(1a),which can also be regarded as a double aza[5]*** to the steric repulsion between two azapentabenzocorannulene moieties,this molecule shows a rigid S-shaped structure where the two azacorannulene bowls face in opposite *** chemical oxidation of 1a resulted in the formation of the corresponding radical cation(1a^(+))and dication(1a^(2+)),providing an important insight into their *** fusion of heteroatom-embedded buckybowls provides a powerful way to synthesizeπ-extended polycyclic aromatic molecules.

关键词： azacorannulenes buckybowl dimer redox chemistry structure elucidation cycloadditions

Tracing sediment transport history using mineralogical fingerprinting in a river basin with dams utilizing sediment sluicing

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2023年第3期38卷 469-480页

作者： Kenichi ito Motohide Matsunaga Tomoya Itakiyo Hiroyuki Oishi Kei Nukazawa Mitsuteru Irie Yoshihiro Suzuki Center for International Relations University of Miyazaki Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Miyazaki Oita Prefectural Government West Japan Engineering Consultants Inc.

Sediment causes a serious problem in relation to dam function. A cooperative sediment sluicing operation has been under way since 2017 to prevent sediment from accumulating in dams in the Mimi River,Miyazaki, Japan. To achieve a smooth and stable operation, it is very important to determine the sediment source and a sediment transport system to maintain the dam’s function. In the current study, the source and transport of sediment from the Mimi River basin have been analyzed with X-ray diffraction(XRD) to reveal the peaks of mineral species. The sediment samples were collected in the Mimi River basin from the Tsukabaru Dam to the sea in an area including 4 dams and 5 tributaries. In addition, the minerals in samples collected in 2014, before the start of the sediment sluicing operation, and from 2018 to 2020, after the start of the operation, were analyzed. An evaluation of the similarity of the sediment at each sampling point based on the X-ray diffraction peaks of mineral species showed that sediment distributed upstream was transported downstream in the year when the sediment sluicing was *** result indicates that the sediment sluicing operation at dams ensured the continuity of the sediment distribution in the Mimi River basin. In addition, an investigation done in 2020 showed that sediment particles very similar to those of the upstream tributaries were deposited downstream because of extensive flooding caused by a large typhoon. The management of sediment transport has the greatest importance in a river basin where a dam is to be constructed. It is possible to trace the history of the sediment distribution and movement resulting from the operation of sediment sluicing by using sediment mineral analysis.

关键词： Sediment sluicing Sediment source X-ray diffraction (XRD) Mineralogical analysis Cluster analysis

Analysis of Residual Solvents in Annatto Extracts Using a Static Headspace Gas Chromatography Method

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2012年第9期3卷 638-645页

作者： Yusai ito Kyoko Ishizuki Wakana Sekiguchi Atsuko Tada Takumi Akiyama Kyoko Sato Takeshi Yamazaki hiroshi Akiyama Division of Food Additives National Institute of Health Sciences: Kamiyoga Setagaya-ku Tokyo Japan

An analytical method for the quantification of residual solvents in annatto extracts, natural food colorants, was established using a static headspace gas chromatography (HSGC) coupled with a flame ionization detector (FID). As a sample diluent in a headspace sampling, dimethylformamide (DMF) was selected owing to its high capacity for dissolving both bixin-based and norbixin-based annatto extracts. The quantification of residual solvents was performed using the external standard method. The linearity of the calibration curves was assured with relative coefficients (R2) that were greater than 0.999. The recoveries of all standard solvents spiked in the annatto extracts were in the range from 95.1% to 107.1% to verify the accuracy and the relative standard deviation (RSD%) values (n = 3) were in the range from 0.57% to 3.31%. The quantification limits (QL) were sufficiently lower than the limits specified by Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA). With the established HSGC method, six residual solvents (methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, and hexane) in 23 commercial annatto-extract products that consist of seven bixin-based and 16 norbixin-based products were quantified. The levels of residual ethyl acetate and hexane in all products were lower than the specified limits of JECFA. However, three samples of bixin-based products showed higher levels of residual 2-propanol (approximately 313.9 - 427.7 ppm) than the specified limit. Other bixin products also showed higher concentrations of residual methanol (approximately 166.6 - 394.7 ppm) and residual acetone (approximately 75.2 - 179.8 ppm) than the limits of JECFA. In the case of norbixin-based products, nine samples showed higher levels of residual acetone (approximately 42.6 - 139.5 ppm) than the limits of JECFA. This is the first survey of residual solvents in annatto extracts using the validated HSGC method.

关键词： Annatto Extracts Bixin Norbixin Headspace Gas Chromatography Residual Solvents

Pathophysiological analysis and strategy for stercoral perforation of the colon

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Open Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第2期2卷 45-50页

作者： Koichi Sato hiroshi Maekawa Mutsumi Sakurada Hajime Orita Tomoaki ito Yoshihiro Komatsu Fumiko Hirata Ryo Wada Department of Pathology Juntendo Shizuoka Hospital Juntendo University School of Medicine Department of Surgery Juntendo Shizuoka Hospital Juntendo University School of Medicine

Perpose: In order to establish the pathophysiological features and strategy for stercoral perforation of the colon, we herein analyze a series of stercoral perforation of the colon. Method: Ten patients were diagnosed with stercoral perforation. Clinical features, primary diseases, triggers, causative bacteria in ascites, postoperative complications, pathological features, severity of the disease, and effect of direct hemoperfusion with polymyxin B immobilized fiber (PMX-DHP) were investigated. Results: Nine patients had a long history of serious and chronic constipation and 7 patients had hypertension. Causative bacteria in ascites during the operation were most commonly Escherichia coli. There were a lot of severe postoperative complications such as sepsis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and acute lung injury. With regard to the microscopic findings of the perforation site, the intestinal wall showed severe nonspecific inflammatory changes, including an increase of mono-nuclear cells in the lamina propria. There were 4 hospital deaths, so the mortality rate was 40%. APACHE- II and SOFA score were high postoperation and 24 hours after the operation. PMX-DHP was performed in 8 cases of severe conditions of stercoral perforation of the colon. Because the catecholamine index improved within 24 hours, four of 8 cases were rescued. Conclusion: Most of the patients with stercoral perforation of the colon had severe postoperative complications. The severity of the disease was extremely high, therefore, early diagnosis based on pathophy-siological features and comprehensive therapies including PMX-DHP were necessary for strategy of treating stercoral perforation of the colon.

关键词： Stercoral Perforation of the Colon APACHE-II Score SOFA Score Polymyxin B Immobilized Fiber (PMX-DHP)

Interspecific Hybridization between Arisaema sikokianumand A. serratum(Araceae) Confirmed through Nuclear and Chloroplast DNA Comparisons

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2011年第4期2卷 521-526页

作者： hiroshi Hayakawa Hidenori Hamachi Kanako Matsuyama Yuko Muramatsu Yukio Minamiya Katsura ito Jun Yokoyama Tatsuya Fukuda Faculty of Agriculture Kochi University Nankoku Japan

A morphologically intermediate plant between Arisaema sikokianum Franch. et Sav. and A. serratum (Thunb.) Schott has been newly found in Kochi Prefecture, Shikoku, Japan. The putative hybrid has the intermediate morphological characteristics of the parental species. Molecular analysis using PCR-RFLP of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) in nuclear DNA (nrDNA) indicates that the putative hybrid has a combined pattern of the two putative parent species. Moreover, the sequence result of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) of the putative hybrid was identical to that of A. sikokianum. These results suggest that the putative hybrid is a hybrid between A. sikokianum and A. serratum and that it was formed by interactive gene exchanging via pollens from A. serratum to A. sikokianum. It is the first record of a hybrid between A. sikokianum and A. serratum.

关键词： Araceae Arisaema A. serratum A. sikokianum Chloroplast DNA Interspecific Hybrid Molecular Analysis Nuclear DNA

Nucleotide Sequence Variations in a Medicinal Relative of Asparagus, Asparagus cochinchinensis(Lour.) Merrill (Asparagaceae)

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2011年第6期2卷 765-775页

作者： Tatsuya Fukuda In-Ja Song Takuro ito hiroshi Hayakawa Yukio Minamiya Akira Kanno Hokuto Nakayama Jun Yokoyama 不详

To determine the eVolutionary history of Asparagus cochinchinensis (Asparagaceae), we investigated the geographic pattern of its nucleotide sequence variations in Japan, Taiwan, South Korea and China. We found 21 polymorphic nucleotide sites by sequencing the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, which gave rise to a total of 15 haplotypes, labeled A to O. The A-type was found only in inland China (Guizhou and Sichuan), and the other haplotypes in China extended to several lineages;therefore, A. cochinchinensis may have its origin in the interior of China. The I-type has large distribution area and it also experienced a quick expansion in relative recent years. Haplotype differentiation was observed between the eastern and western side of the Central Mountain Ridge in Taiwan. Two lineages were found in Japan, one in the Yaeyama Islands and the other in remaining areas of Japan, implying that A. cochinchinensis independently colonized in Japan at least twice.

关键词： Asparagus cochinchinensis Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) Phylogeny Phylogeography

Electrochemical Reaction Processes of Niobium Ions in FLINAK melt

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 1999年第2期13卷 83-89页

作者： Wang X. Duan S. Christensen E. Bjerrum N.J. ito Y. Metallurgy School University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China Materials Science Group Chemistry Department A Technical University of Denmark DK-2800 Lyngby Denmark Department of Energy Science and Engineering Kyoto University Kyoto 606 Japan

ThecathodicProcessmechanismofniobiumreductionfromchloride-fluorideandfiuoridemeltshasbeenstudiedindetail[l-],batth***,threehoesofmodelshaVebeenPutforwardtoexplaintheelectrochemic... 详细信息

ThecathodicProcessmechanismofniobiumreductionfromchloride-fluorideandfiuoridemeltshasbeenstudiedindetail[l-],batth***,threehoesofmodelshaVebeenPutforwardtoexplaintheelectrochemic...

关键词： electrochemistry molten Salt FLINAK niobium reduction

Dose escalation of external beam radiotherapy for high-risk prostate cancerdImpact of multiple high-risk factor

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Asian Journal of Urology 2019年第2期6卷 192-199页

作者： Rei Umezawa Koji Inaba Satoshi Nakamura Akihisa Wakita Hiroyuki Okamoto Keisuke Tsuchida Tairo Kashihara Kazuma Kobayashi Ken Harada Kana Takahashi Naoya Murakami Yoshinori ito hiroshi Igaki Keiichi Jingu Jun Itami Department of Radiation Oncology National Cancer Center HospitalChuo-kuTokyoJapan Department of Radiation Oncology Tohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan

Objective:To retrospectively investigate the treatment outcomes of external beam radiotherapy with androgen deprivation therapy(ADT)in high-risk prostate cancer in three radiotherapy dose ***:Between 1998 and 2013,patients with high-risk prostate cancer underwent threedimensional conformal radiotherapy or intensity-modulated radiotherapy of 66 Gy,72 Gy,or 78 Gy with ***-specific antigen(PSA)relapse was defined using the Phoenix *** relapse-free survival(PRFS)was evaluated in each radiotherapy dose ***,high-risk patients were divided into H-1(patients with multiple high-risk factors)and H-2(patients with a single high-risk factor)as risk ***:Two hundred and eighty-nine patients with a median follow-up period of 77.3 months were analyzed in this *** median duration of ADT was 10.1 ***,Gleason score,T stage,and radiotherapy dose influenced PRFS with statistical significance both in univariate and multivariate *** 4-year PRFS rates in Group-66 Gy,Group-72 Gy and Group-78 Gy were 72.7%,81.6%and 90.3%,*** rates in the H-1 subgroup differed with statistical significance with an increasing radiotherapy dose having a more favorable PRFS,while PRFS rates in H-2 subgroup did not differ with increase in radiotherapy ***:Dose escalation for high-risk prostate cancer in combination with ADT improved *** for patients in the H-1 subgroup was poor,but dose escalation in those patients was beneficial,while dose escalation in the H-2 subgroup was not proven to be effective for improving PRFS.

关键词： Prostate cancer External beam radiotherapy Dose escalation Biochemical control