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Risk factors for perforation during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in post-reconstruction intestinal tract

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2019年第1期7卷 10-18页

作者： Shinichi Takano Mitsuharu Fukasawa Hiroko Shindo Ei Takahashi Sumio Hirose Yoshimitsu Fukasawa Satoshi Kawakami hiroshi hayakawa hiroshi Yokomichi Makoto Kadokura Tadashi Sato Nobuyuki Enomoto First Department of Internal Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Yamanashi Yamanashi 409-3898 Japan Department of Health Sciences Interdisciplinary Graduate School and Engineering University of Yamanashi Yamanashi 409-3898 Japan

BACKGROUND Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) in patients with surgically altered anatomy has been a major challenge to gastrointestinal endoscopists with low success rates for reaching the target site as well as high complication rates. The knowledge of ERCP-related risk factors is important for reducing unexpected *** To identify ERCP-related risk factors for perforation in patients with surgically altered *** The medical records of 187 patients with surgically altered anatomy who underwent ERCP at our institution between April 2009 and December 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. An analysis of patient data, including age, sex, type of reconstruction, cause of surgery, aim of ERCP, success rate of reaching target site,success rate of procedure, adverse events, type of scope, time to reach the target site, and duration of procedure, was performed. In patients with Billroth-Ⅱ reconstruction, additional potential risk factors were the shape of the inserted scope and whether the anastomosis was antecolic or *** All patients(n = 187) had surgical anatomy, such as Billroth-Ⅰ(n = 22), Billroth-Ⅱ(n = 33), Roux-en-Y(n = 54), Child, or Whipple reconstruction(n = 75). ERCP was performed for biliary drainage in 43 cases(23%), stone removal in 29 cases(16%),and stricture dilation of anastomosis in 59 cases(32%). The scope was unable to reach the target site in 17 cases(9%), and an aimed procedure could not be accomplished in 54 cases(29%). Adverse events were pancreatitis(3%),hyperamylasemia(10%), cholangitis(6%), cholestasis(4%), excessive sedation(1%), perforation(2%), and others(3%). Perforation occurred in three cases, all of which were in patients with Billroth-Ⅱ reconstruction; in these patients, further analysis revealed loop-shaped insertion of the scope to be a significant risk for perforation(P = 0.01).CONCLUSION Risk factors for perforation during ERCP in patients with surgically altered anatomy were Billro

关键词： Surgically altered anatomy Billroth-Ⅱ Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography Perforation

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2001年第1期13卷 86-91页

作者： Wei Bing-qian, Kunihide Uchijima, hiroshi hayakawa Department of Civil Engineering, Kitami Institude of Technology, 165, Koen-cho, Kitami, Hokkaido 090-8507, Japan Dep. of Civil Eng. Kitami Institute of Technol. 165 Koen-cho Hokkaido 090-8507 Japan

WT5”BZ]In this study, by considering the scale ratio related to the specific gravity of the submerged bed material, and introducing a degree of distortion, n the similarity laws for a distorted river model with a movable bed were derived under the conditions that the values of dual dimensionless parameters in a regime-criterion diagram for the bars are the same in a model as they are in a prototype, and that a resistance law such as the Manning-Strickler-type formula is to be valid for a model and a prototype. The usefulness of the similarity laws derived in this study was verified by comparing the bed forms from the distroted model experiments with the bed forms from the 1/50-scale undistorted model experiments, which were performed by the Hokkaido Development Bureau (H. D. B.), Japan, to examine the tentative plan for the improvement of a low-flow channel in the Chubetsu River, which is a tributary of the Ishikari River. It is considered that the distorted model experiments to be valid with either sand or lightweight bed material. [WT5”HZ]

关键词： similarity law regime-criterion diagram distorted model lightweight bed material alternate bars

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A Breakdown of Obligate Mutualism on a Small Island: An Interspecific Hybridization between Closely Related Fig Species (Ficus pumila and Ficus thunbergii) in Western Japan

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2015年第1期6卷 126-131页

作者： Lum Tsai hiroshi hayakawa Tatsuya Fukuda Jun Yokoyama Graduate Schools of Science and Engineering Yamagata University Yamagata Japan National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan Faculty of Agriculture Kochi University Nankoku Kochi Japan Faculty of Science Yamagata University Yamagata Japan

Ficus (Moraceae) is a well-known group with specific pollination mutualisms, and hybridization is considered to be rare. Here, we report the presence of interspecific hybrids between Ficus pumila L. and F. thunbergii Maxim. on Okinoshima, a small island offshore of Shikoku, western Japan. AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism of genomic DNA) data suggested that more than one-fourth of individuals of morphological F. pumila were assigned as intermediate genotypes, suggesting hybrids. The hybridization between the two species was introgressive and unidirectional from F. thunbergii to F. pumila. The findings of this study, combined with other previous reports, suggest that the breakdown of mutualistic systems can occur in isolated populations such as those on islands.

关键词： AFLP Island Hybridization Ficus pumila Ficus thunbergii Western Japan

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Difference of Curcumin Content in Curcuma longa L. (Zingiberaceae) Caused by Hybridization with Other Curcuma Species

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2011年第2期2卷 111-119页

作者： hiroshi hayakawa Yukio Minaniya Katsura Ito Yoshinori Yamamoto Tatsuya Fukuda 不详

Curcumin, which is traditionally known to have effects on various types of diseases in humans, is found in Curcuma longa L. Previous reports have indicated that the curcumin content varies between the different lines of this species. To clarify the differences in the amounts of curcumin between the lines, we investigated the outcomes of cultivation ex-periments with the hybridization or introgression between C. longa and other Curcuma species using the matK gene of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) and the external transcribed spacer (ETS) of nuclear DNA (nrDNA). The results show that there is heterogeneity of the ETS and incongruence between the matK and the ETS phylogenetic trees, suggesting that hybridization and introgression had taken place in the diversification of the various lines of C. longa. Moreover, al-though all of the lines had the same cpDNA haplotype of C. longa, the lines of homogeneous C. longa had a high con-tent of curcumin, whereas the lines created by hybridization and introgression with other Curcuma species had a me-dium or low level. These results suggest that the difference of curcumin content among the various lines of C. longa was caused by hybridization and introgression with other Curcuma species.

关键词： Curcuma longa Curcumin Hybridization Introgression Molecular analysis Nuclear DNA

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Development of a Molecular Marker to Identify a Candidate Line of Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) with a High Curcumin Content

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2011年第1期2卷 15-26页

作者： hiroshi hayakawa Tetsuya Kobayashi Yukio Minaniya Katsura Ito Akira Miyazaki Tatsuya Fukuda Yoshinori Yamamoto 不详

Dried and fresh rhizomes of the spice turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) are well known in traditional medicine, and curcu- min is widely used in various geographic regions. Although there are differences in the amount of curcumin within this species, identification of the candidate line by rhizome is difficult because of the relative simplicity of its morphological characteristics. To accurately identify lines of C. longa with a high content of curcumin, we analysed several sequences of chloroplast DNA. First, to determine the appropriate outgroup taxa in which to conduct infras-pecific analyses of C. longa, we reconstructed the molecular phylogenetic tree of C. longa and its allied species. The results showed that C. aromatica and C. zedoaria are closely related to C. longa. Next, to develop a molecular marker for identifying lines of C. longa with a high content of curcumin, a network analysis using chloroplast microsatellite regions was performed. Results showed that a unique haplotype within C. longa corresponds to the high curcumin content line. Therefore, the chloroplast microsatellite regions used for the analysis allowed us to determine the lines of this species with high cur- cumin content.

关键词： Chloroplast DNA Curcuma Curcuma Longa Curcumin Molecular Analysis

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Correlation between Sex Stages and Leaf Numbers in Arisaema tosaenseMakino (Araceae)

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2012年第1期3卷 114-118页

作者： Yuko Muramatsu Kanako Matsuyama hiroshi hayakawa Yukio Minamiya Katsura Ito Ryo Arakawa Tatsuya Fukuda 不详

Arisaema tosaense Makino develops either 1 or 2 leaves during both the male and female phases. To clarify the relationship between growth stage (sexual stage) and leaf number in this species, we conducted morphological analysis using A. tosaense, A. japonicum Bulme, A. sikokianum French. & Sav., and A. ringens (Thunb.) Schott. We found that increase in size of pseudostem of these Arisaema species is correlated to changes in the growth stage from sterile to male and from male to female phases. In particular, 1-leaf individuals of A. tosaense appeared at the beginning of both male and female phases, suggesting that they contribute to the earlier appearance of the fertile phase from sterile

关键词： Araceae Arisaema tosaense Fertile Phases Leaf Number Morphology

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Nucleotide Sequence Variations in a Medicinal Relative of Asparagus, Asparagus cochinchinensis(Lour.) Merrill (Asparagaceae)

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2011年第6期2卷 765-775页

作者： Tatsuya Fukuda In-Ja Song Takuro Ito hiroshi hayakawa Yukio Minamiya Akira Kanno Hokuto Nakayama Jun Yokoyama 不详

To determine the eVolutionary history of Asparagus cochinchinensis (Asparagaceae), we investigated the geographic pattern of its nucleotide sequence variations in Japan, Taiwan, South Korea and China. We found 21 polymorphic nucleotide sites by sequencing the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, which gave rise to a total of 15 haplotypes, labeled A to O. The A-type was found only in inland China (Guizhou and Sichuan), and the other haplotypes in China extended to several lineages;therefore, A. cochinchinensis may have its origin in the interior of China. The I-type has large distribution area and it also experienced a quick expansion in relative recent years. Haplotype differentiation was observed between the eastern and western side of the Central Mountain Ridge in Taiwan. Two lineages were found in Japan, one in the Yaeyama Islands and the other in remaining areas of Japan, implying that A. cochinchinensis independently colonized in Japan at least twice.

关键词： Asparagus cochinchinensis Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) Phylogeny Phylogeography

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Interspecific Hybridization between Arisaema sikokianumand A. serratum(Araceae) Confirmed through Nuclear and Chloroplast DNA Comparisons

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2011年第4期2卷 521-526页

作者： hiroshi hayakawa Hidenori Hamachi Kanako Matsuyama Yuko Muramatsu Yukio Minamiya Katsura Ito Jun Yokoyama Tatsuya Fukuda Faculty of Agriculture Kochi University Nankoku Japan

A morphologically intermediate plant between Arisaema sikokianum Franch. et Sav. and A. serratum (Thunb.) Schott has been newly found in Kochi Prefecture, Shikoku, Japan. The putative hybrid has the intermediate morphological characteristics of the parental species. Molecular analysis using PCR-RFLP of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) in nuclear DNA (nrDNA) indicates that the putative hybrid has a combined pattern of the two putative parent species. Moreover, the sequence result of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) of the putative hybrid was identical to that of A. sikokianum. These results suggest that the putative hybrid is a hybrid between A. sikokianum and A. serratum and that it was formed by interactive gene exchanging via pollens from A. serratum to A. sikokianum. It is the first record of a hybrid between A. sikokianum and A. serratum.

关键词： Araceae Arisaema A. serratum A. sikokianum Chloroplast DNA Interspecific Hybrid Molecular Analysis Nuclear DNA

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Comparative Study of Leaf Morphology in Aster hispidusThunb. var. leptocladus(Makino) Okuyama (Asteraceae)

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2012年第1期3卷 110-113页

作者： hiroshi hayakawa Tunala Yukio Minamiya Katsura Ito Stephan Gale Jun Yokoyama Ryo Arakawa Tatsuya Fukuda 不详

The comparative morphology and anatomy of leaves in the serpentine endemic Aster hispidus Thunb. var. leptocladus (Makino) Okuyama and its close relative A. hispidus var. hispidus were examined. Our morphological analysis revealed that the leaves of A. hispidus var. leptocladus were significantly smaller and narrower than those of A. hispidus var. hispidus. In particular, our anatomical analysis indicated that a decreased cell number of the horizontal axis of a leaf was involved in A. hispidus var. leptocladus. This was the same process as the changing pattern of the leaves of rheophytic species, and so, similar morphological leaf modifications occurred under different selection pressures of the serpentine soil and flooding frequency of river-stream.

关键词： Anatomical Analysis Aster hispidus var. leptocladus Cell Number Minitualization Serpentine Stenophyllization

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Coastal Adaptation of Adenophora triphylla var. japonica(Campanulaceae)

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2013年第3期4卷 596-601页

作者： Kyohei Ohga Miwako Muroi hiroshi hayakawa Jun Yokoyama Katsura Ito Shin-Ichi Tebayashi Ryo Arakawa Tatsuya Fukuda Faculty of Agriculture Kochi University Kochi Japan Faculty of Agriculture Kochi University Kochi Japan. Faculty of Science Yamagata University Yamagata Japan. Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences Kochi University Kochi Japan Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences Kochi University Kochi Japan.

The comparative morphology and anatomy of leaves between the coastal ecotype and the normal type of Adenophora triphylla (Thunb.) ***. var. japonica (Regel) *** (Campanulaceae) were examined to clarify the differences in morphological characters between the 2 groups. Morphological and anatomical analyses revealed that the coastal ecotype had a thicker leaf than the normal type, because of the increased size of epidermal and spongy cells. Thus, the main morphological change from the normal type into the coastal ecotype of A. triphylla var. japonica is the increase in leaf size, suggesting that the coastal ecotype may have evolved from the normal type via a heterochronic process.

关键词： Adaptation Adenophora triphylla var. japonica Coastal Ecotype Heterochronic Leaf Thickness

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