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增加低脂肪含可溶物酒糟喂量奶牛的泌乳性能和氨基酸利用率

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饲料博览 2010年第7期 49-49页

作者： Mjoun K Kalscheur K F hippen a r Schingoethe D J Little D E 张树金

采用溶剂提取法从酒糟中提取玉米油可生产出一种低脂副产品(rFDG)。为确定泌乳中期奶牛日粮最佳rFDG浓度,采用22头经产荷斯坦奶牛、19头初产荷斯坦奶牛进行8周完全随机化设计试验,试验包括2周协变量期。rFDG按0、10%、20%、30%干物质加... 详细信息

采用溶剂提取法从酒糟中提取玉米油可生产出一种低脂副产品(rFDG)。为确定泌乳中期奶牛日粮最佳rFDG浓度,采用22头经产荷斯坦奶牛、19头初产荷斯坦奶牛进行8周完全随机化设计试验,试验包括2周协变量期。rFDG按0、10%、20%、30%干物质加入日粮,替代大豆。试验结果表明,日粮增加rFDG对干物质采食量(23.1kg·d-1)和产奶量(35.0kg·d-1)没有影响。rFDG从0提高到30%,乳脂率线性提高,从3.18%提高到3.72%;相似地,乳脂量趋于线性提高,从1.08提高到1.32kg·d-1。rFDG从0提高到30%,乳蛋白率(2.99%、3.06%、3.13%、2.99%)有一个二次反应,而乳蛋白量不受处理组的影响。乳中尿素氮线性下降,从15.8下降到13.1mg·dL-1。rFDG加入日粮,氮用于产奶的效率不受影响(26.1%),而产奶效率(能量校正奶除以干物质采食量)则随着加入rFDG比例的提高趋于线性提高。相似地,血糖浓度线性提高。动脉赖氨酸线性下降,从66.0下降到44.8μM·L-1,而动脉蛋氨酸则从16.5线性提高到29.3μM·L-1。赖氨酸的动静脉差别从42.6线性下降到32.5μM·L-1,而蛋氨酸的动静脉差别则不受影响。被乳腺提取的赖氨酸从64.3%线性提高到72.2%,而蛋氨酸则从71.6%线性下降到42.7%。在泌乳中期日粮,饲喂rFDG30%奶牛获得与饲喂大豆蛋白基础日粮(rFDG0%)奶牛相似的泌乳性能。

关键词：低脂肪含可溶物干酒糟氨基酸泌乳奶牛血液代谢物

增加低脂肪含可溶物酒糟喂量对奶牛的泌乳性能和氨基酸利用率的影响

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饲料博览 2010年第11期 49-49页

作者： Mjoun K Kalscheur K F hippen a r Schingoethe D J Little D E 张树金

采用溶剂提取法从酒糟中提取玉米油可生产出一种低脂副产品(rFDG)。为确定泌乳中期奶牛日粮最佳rFDG浓度,选择经产荷斯坦奶牛22头、初产荷斯坦奶牛19头进行8周完全随机化设计试验,试验包括2周协变量期。rFDG按0、10%、20%、30%干物质加... 详细信息

采用溶剂提取法从酒糟中提取玉米油可生产出一种低脂副产品(rFDG)。为确定泌乳中期奶牛日粮最佳rFDG浓度,选择经产荷斯坦奶牛22头、初产荷斯坦奶牛19头进行8周完全随机化设计试验,试验包括2周协变量期。rFDG按0、10%、20%、30%干物质加入日粮,替代大豆。试验结果表明,日粮增加rFDG对干物质采食量(23.1 kg.d-1)和产奶量(35.0 kg.d-1)没有影响。rFDG从0升高到30%,乳脂率线性提高,从3.18%升高到3.72%;乳脂量也趋于线性提高,从1.08升高到1.32 kg.d-1。rFDG从0升高到30%,乳蛋白率(2.99%、3.06%、3.13%、2.99%)有一个二次反应,而乳蛋白量不受处理组的影响。乳中尿素氮线性下降,从1.58下降到1.31 mg.L-1。rFDG加入日粮,氮用于产奶的效率不受影响(26.1%),而产奶效率(能量校正奶除以干物质采食量)则随着加入rFDG比例的提高趋于线性提高。相似地,血糖浓度线性提高。动脉赖氨酸线性下降,从66.0下降到44.8μM.L-1,而动脉蛋氨酸则从16.5线性提高到29.3μM.L-1。赖氨酸的动静脉差别从42.6线性下降到32.5μM.L-1,而蛋氨酸的动静脉差别则不受影响。乳腺提取的赖氨酸从64.3%线性提高到72.2%,而蛋氨酸则从71.6%线性下降到42.7%。在泌乳中期日粮,饲喂高达rFDG 30%奶牛获得与饲喂大豆蛋白基础日粮(rFDG 0)奶牛相似的泌乳性能。

关键词：低脂肪含可溶物干酒糟氨基酸泌乳奶牛

酒糟和大豆皮非饲草纤维替代泌乳奶牛日粮中玉米淀粉的效果

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饲料博览 2010年第8期20卷 49-49页

作者： Kim J H Kiranathunga S D Kalscheur K F hippen a r Schingoethe D Jm K S 张树金

试验采用完全随机设计,2周为协变量期、6周为试验期,选择40头荷斯坦奶牛,评估玉米可溶性干酒糟(DDGS)和大豆皮(SH)部分替代日粮中由玉米提供淀粉的效果。给奶牛提供淀粉含量下降的日粮:淀粉29%不含DDGS、淀粉26%含DDGS7%、淀粉23%含DDGS... 详细信息

试验采用完全随机设计,2周为协变量期、6周为试验期,选择40头荷斯坦奶牛,评估玉米可溶性干酒糟(DDGS)和大豆皮(SH)部分替代日粮中由玉米提供淀粉的效果。给奶牛提供淀粉含量下降的日粮:淀粉29%不含DDGS、淀粉26%含DDGS7%、淀粉23%含DDGS14%、淀粉20%含DDGS21%。日粮由玉米青贮27%、苜蓿干草22%、混合精料51%配合而成,含粗蛋白17%、脂肪4.7%、中性洗涤纤维23%(来自饲草)。试验结果表明,在日粮中添加DDGS和大豆皮,提高了中性洗涤纤维总量。在日粮中添加大豆皮和DDGS替代豆粕和压榨豆粕,可保持日粮相似的粗蛋白含量,干物质采食量下降;随着淀粉被非饲草纤维替代,饲料转化率趋于线性提高。对奶牛产奶量、乳脂率、乳蛋白率、乳脂量、乳蛋白量无显著影响,日粮之间的乳脂肪酸含量相似,乳脂肪校正奶4%、总固形物、乳中尿素氮等不受日粮处理的影响,日粮之间的瘤胃挥发性脂肪酸浓度无差别,日粮之间的血糖浓度和β-羟基丁酸浓度相似。研究结果表明,来自DDGS的非饲草纤维可部分替代奶牛日粮中的玉米淀粉而不会影响产奶量和乳成分。对日粮的经济分析表明,用DDGS和大豆皮替代玉米是有成本效益的。试验结果表明,DDGS和大豆皮可作为替代玉米降低饲料成本的能量来源。

关键词：含可溶物干酒糟非饲草纤维大豆皮淀粉

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Human CD39hi regulatory T cells present stronger stability and function under inflammatory conditions

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2017年第6期14卷 521-528页

作者： Jian Gu Xuhao Ni Xiongxiong Pan Hao Lu Yunjie Lu Jie Zhao Song Guo Zheng Keli L hippen Xuehao Wang Ling Lu Translational Medicine research Center Affiliated Jiangning Hospital and Liver Transplantation Center First Affiliated Hospital Nanjing Medical University Nanjing 210029 China University of Minnesota Cancer Center and Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation Department of Pediatrics University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN 55455 USA Division of rheumatology Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center Hershey PA 17033 USA

Autoimmune diseases are characterized by an imbalance between regulatory T cells and effector T-cell subsets, such as Thl and Th17 cells. Studies have confirmed that natural CD4＋Foxp3＋ Tregs were unstable and dysfunctional in the presence of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In the current study, human CD39hi Tregs and CD39low Tregs were sorted from Tregs in vitro after 7 days of expansion. The functions of both Treg subsets were investigated under inflammatory conditions in vitro and in vivo. In the presence of IL-1β and IL-6, cultured CD4＋CD39hi Tregs maintained stable forkhead box protein 3 expression, whereas CD4＋CD39low Tregs lost Foxp3 expression and trans-differentiated into Thl or Th17 cells. Decreased IL-1βr and IL-6r expression on the CD39hi Tregs was the primary mechanism responsible for Treg stability. In addition, reduced activation of downstream molecules, such as STAT1 and STAT3, through the modulation of CpG demethylation played an important role. Finally, human CD4＋CD39hi Tregs but not CD4＋CD39low Tregs protected against xenograft versus host disease in model mice. These results strongly implied the physiological importance of CD39 expression and suggested that manipulation of CD39hi Tregs might represent a novel strategy for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.

关键词： CD39 stability Tregs xeno-GVHD

retinoic acid signaling acts as a rheostat to balance Treg function

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2022年第7期19卷 820-833页

作者： Govindarajan Thangavelu Gabriela Andrejeva Sara Bolivar-Wagers Sujeong Jin Michael C.Zaiken Michael Loschi Ethan G.Aguilar Scott N.Furlan Chrysothemis C.Brown Yu-Chi Lee Cameron McDonald Hyman Colby J.Feser Angela Panoskaltsis-Mortari Keli L.hippen Kelli P.MacDonald William J.Murphy Ivan Maillard Geoffrey r.Hill David H.Munn robert Zeiser Leslie S.Kean Jeffrey C.rathmell Hongbo Chi randolph J.Noelle Bruce r.Blazar Department of Pediatrics Center for ImmunologyUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMNUSA Center for Immunobiology Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashville TNUSA Department of Pediatrics University of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA Fred Hutchinson Cancer research Center SeattleWAUSA Howard Hughes Medical Institute Immunology Program and Ludwig CenterSloan Kettering InstituteMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNYUSA Department of Microbiology and Immunology.Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth Norris Cotton Cancer CenterLebanonUSA Department of Immunology Queensland Institute of Medical Research(QIMR)Berghofer Medical Research Institute and School of MedicineUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneQLDAustralia Departmentof Dermatology School of MedicineUniversity of California DavisSacramentoCAUSA Division of Hematology/Oncology Department of MedicineUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPAUSA Georgia Cancer Center Augusta UniversityAugustaGAUSA Department of Haematology Oncology and Stem Cell TransplantationFaculty of MedicineFreiburg University Medical CentreFreiburgGermany Boston Children's Hospital and the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute BostonMAUSA Department of Immunology St.Jude Children's ResearchHospitalMemphisTNUSA

regulatory T cells(Tregs)promote immune homeostasis by maintaining self-tolerance and regulating inflammatory *** certain inflammatory conditions,Tregs can lose their lineage stability and *** studies have reported that ex vivo exposure to retinoic acid(rA)enhances Treg function and ***,it is unknown how rA receptor signaling in Tregs influences these processes in ***,we employed mouse models in which rA signaling is silenced by the expression of the dominant negative receptor(DN)rArαin all T *** the fact that DNrArαconventional T cells are hypofunctional,Tregs had increased CD25 expression,STAT5 pathway activation,mTOrC1 signaling and supersuppressor ***,DNrArαTregs had increased inhibitory molecule expression,amino acid transporter expression,and metabolic fitness and decreased antiapoptotic *** function was observed when wild-type mice were treated with a pharmacologic pan-rAr ***,Treg-specific expression of DNrArαresulted in distinct phenotypes,such that a single allele of DNrArαin Tregs heightened their suppressive function,and biallelic expression led to loss of suppression and *** loss of Treg function was not cell intrinsic,as Tregs that developed in a noninflammatory milieu in chimeric mice reconstituted with DNrArαand wild-type bone marrow maintained the enhanced suppressive *** mapping suggested that maintaining Treg stability in an inflammatory milieu requires rA *** findings indicate that rA signaling acts as a rheostat to balance Treg function in inflammatory and noninflammatory conditions in a dose-dependent manner.

关键词： retinoic acid Tregulatory cells Autoimmunity Metabolism mTOrC1 STAT5