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Two-Way but Asymmetrical Reproductive Interference between an Invasive <i>Veronica</i>Species and a Native Congener

American Journal of Plant Sciences 2013年第3期4卷 535-542页

作者： Koh-Ichi takakura Group of Urban Environment Osaka City Institute of Public Health and Environmental Sciences Osaka Japan.

Recent studies have suggested that reproductive interference, a deleterious interspecific interaction in the mating process, plays an important role in biological invasions. In the system of plant species, however, the border with the pollen limitation has often been vague in past studies. This study, using field and laboratory experiments and field observations, examined the reproductive success of an endangered native herbaceous plant, Veronica polita lilacina, in the context of the reproductive interference by the alien congener, V. persica. The auto-pollination experiment confirmed that both species can usually produce seeds even without external conspecific pollens. Results of the artificial pollination experiment demonstrated that pollination with the heterospecific pollens significantly decreases the number of seeds in the native species, but not in the alien species. A transplant experiment revealed that the coexistence with the alien species reduced the fruiting success of the native species. Field observations have shown the interaction between two species in the native patch with only one intruding alien species. They demonstrated that native individuals placed closer to the alien individual suffered a greater decrease in fruiting success and the seed production and that the alien intruder produced no seed. These results demonstrate that species that could reproduce via the auto-pollination suffered the reproductive interference and that the native species also exert the resistive reproductive interference slightly. These interactions can explain the displacement pattern of the native species by the alien congener in Japan.

关键词： Endangered Species Fruiting Success Interspecific Pollen Transfer Veronica persica Veronica polita lilacina

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Mouse models for investigating the underlying mechanisms of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis-derived hepatocellular carcinoma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第18期24卷 1989-1994页

作者： Kazuki takakura Tsunekazu Oikawa Yoichi Tomita Yusuke Mizuno Masanori Nakano Chisato Saeki Yuichi Torisu Masayuki Saruta Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal Medicine The Jikei University School of Medicine

As the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) caused by infection with the hepatotropic viruses hepatitis B and hepatitis C decreases, greater attention has become focused on HCC caused by nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH), an advanced form of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease which has shown increasing prevalence in correspondence with the overall increase in metabolic syndrome over the recent decades. Several clinical population studies have shown a positive relationship between NASH and HCC, while also providing initial insights into the underlying mechanisms of HCC development from NASH. Research into the pathological progression of NASH to HCC has advanced by use of several beneficial rodent models. In this review, we summarize the established mouse models for preclinical research of NASH-associated HCC and discuss the underlying hepatic mechanisms of NASH-related tumorigenesis identified to date that could lead to new targets for treatment and prevention.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

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Changes over time in milk test results following pancreatectomy

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2016年第3期8卷 246-251页

作者： hideki Aoki Masashi Utsumi Kenta Sui Nobuhiko Kanaya Tomoyoshi Kunitomo Hitoshi Takeuchi Norihisa takakura Shigehiro Shiozaki Hiroyoshi Matsukawa Department of Surgery Iwakuni Clinical Center Department of Surgery Fukuyama City Hospital Department of Surgery Hiroshima City Hospital

AIM: To investigate changes over time in, and effects of sealing technology on, milk test results following pancreatectomy. METHODS: From April 2008 to October 2013, 66 pancreatic resections were performed at the Iwakuni Clinical Center. The milk test has been routinely conducted at the institute whenever possible during pancreatectomy. The milk test comprises the following procedure: A nasogastric tube is inserted until the third portion of the duodenum, followed by injection of 100 mL of milk through the tube. If a chyle leak is present, the patient tests positive in this milk test based on the observation of a white milky discharge. Positive milk test rates, leakage sites, and chylous ascites incidence were examined. Liga Sure?(LS; Covidien, Dublin, Ireland), a vessel-sealing device, is routinely used in pancreatectomy. Positive milk test rates before and after use of LS, as well as drain discharge volume at the 2^(nd) and 3^(rd) postoperative days, were compared retrospectively. Finally, positive milk test rates and chylous ascites incidence were compared with the results of a previous ***: Fifty-nine milk tests were conducted during pancreatectomy. The positive milk test rate for all pancreatectomy cases was 13.6%(8 of 59 cases). One case developed postoperative chylous ascites(2.1% among the pancreatoduedenectomy cases and 1.7% among all pancreatectomies). Positive rates by procedure were 12.8% for pancreatoduodenectomy and 22.2% for distal pancreatectomy. Positive rates by disease were 17.9% for pancreatic and 5.9% for biliary diseases. When comparing results from before and after use of LS, positive milk test rates in pancreatoduodenectomy were 13.0% before and 12.5% after, while those in distal pancreatectomy were 33.3% and 0%. Drainage volume tended to decrease when LS was used on the 3^(rd) postoperative day(volumes were 424 ± 303 mL before LS and 285 ± 185 mL after, P = 0.056). Both chylous ascites incidence and positive milk test rates decrea

关键词： Chylous ascites Milk test Pancreatectomy Surgical energy device Drain discharge

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Reduction of Aerodynamically Undesirable Influences Due to Engine Cooling Flow in Road Vehicle

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Journal of Flow Control, Measurement & Visualization 2020年第1期8卷 1-24页

作者： Takuto Sawaguchi Yoko takakura Course of Mechanical Engineering Graduate School of Engineering Tokai University Kanagawa Japan

The purpose of this research is to clarify causes for the change in aerodynamic characteristics of a road vehicle model due to engine cooling flow in wind-tunnel experiments with the moving-belt ground board, in order to propose methods to reduce the drag and lift. With regard to engine cooling flow, the air-intake system was adjusted with variable opening area and position for the engine loading system of FF and FR with and without a radiator. A simplified 1/5 scale vehicle model was manufactured with transparent externals around the engine for flow visualization. The overall results show that with enlargement of the opening area, the drag and the front lift increased and the rear lift decreased. The flow visualization and the measurements of underfloor velocity and surface pressure indicated the cause of the characteristics changes. Enlargement of the opening area causes flow disturbance by merging of the scavenging flow and the underfloor flow, which has blockage effects for the upstream of each flow with keeping high pressure in the engine compartment and causes pressure loss under the floor behind the engine unit. The difference between the two engine loading systems lies indirection and location of the engine unit, which causes the differences of how the flow features affect the aerodynamic characteristics. The effect of the radiator is to reduce the range of changes in drag and lift. Finally, it is discussed that the principle of reducing drag and lift is to suppress interference of scavenging flow, and concrete methods are proposed.

关键词： Engine Loading System Air-Intake System Under Floor Velocity Multipoint Pressure

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Fluid Flow Characteristics in Micro-Pump with the Aid of Peltier Devices and Thermal Expansion Material

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Journal of Energy and Power Engineering 2016年第2期10卷 93-101页

作者： Shuichi Torii Yasuhiro takakura Graduate School of Science and Technology Kumamoto University Kumamoto 860-8555 Japan

Experimental study is performed to design and develop a cylindrical micro-pump driven by expansion and contraction of the heat deformation material, whose variation is caused with the aid of heating and cooling properties of Peltier devices. The pump consists of the diffuser valve unit, the heat deformation material unit, the nozzle valve unit, the Peltier devices and the cover. The input current of the Peltier devices is controlled by the bipolar power supply so that the Peltier devices are heated and cooled periodically. The working fluid flow in the micro-pump is caused by the periodical thermal deformation of material which is caused by the periodical heating and cooling of the Peltier devices. In order to measure the fluid flow in the micro-pump, micro air bubbles are employed as a tracer. The corresponding movement is recorded by X-ray apparatus and its velocity is measured by PIV （particle image velocimetry）. It is found that, the micro-pump developed here can make the working fluid flow. The corresponding fluid flow in the micro pump is confirmed by the numerical method.

关键词： Flow visualization micropump Peltier device X-ray.

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Atomic force microscopy analysis of orientation and bending of oligodeoxynucleotides in polypod-like structured DNA

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Nano Research 2015年第12期8卷 3764-3771页

作者： Tomoki Shiomi Mengmeng Tan Natsuki Takahashi Masayuki Endo Tomoko Emura Kumi Hidaka Hiroshi Sugiyama Yuki Takahashi Yoshinobu takakura Makiya Nishikawa Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Kyoto University Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8501 Japan Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS) Kyoto University Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8501 Japan Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan

We previously demonstrated that polypod-like structured DNA, or polypodna, constructed with three or more oligodeoxynucleotides （ODNs）, is efficiently taken up by immune cells such as dendritic cells and macrophages, depending on its structural complexity. The ODNs comprising the polypodna should bend to form the polypod-like structure, and may do so by adopting either a bend- type conformation or a cross-type conformation. Here, we tried to elucidate the orientation and bending of ODNs in polypodnas using atomic force microscopy （AFM）. We designed two types of pentapodnas （i.e., a polypodna with five pods） using 60- to 88-base ODNs, which were then immobilized on DNA origami frames. AFM imaging showed that the ODNs in the pentapodna adopted bend-type conformations. Tetrapodna and hexapodna also adopted bend-type conformations when they were immobilized on frames under unconstrained conditions. These findings provide useful information toward the coherent design of, and the structure-activity relationships for, a variety of DNA nanostructures.

关键词： DNA nanostructure atomic force microscopy self-asse nanotechology structure-activity relationship

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Advances in inducing adaptive immunity using cell-based cancer vaccines: clinical applications in pancreatic cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第18期22卷 4446-4458页

作者： Mikio Kajihara Kazuki takakura Tomoya Kanai Zensho Ito Yoshihiro Matsumoto Shigetaka Shimodaira Masato Okamoto Toshifumi Ohkusa Shigeo Koido Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal Medicine the Jikei University School of Medicine (Kashiwa Hospital) Cell Processing Center Shinshu University Hospital Department of Advanced Immunotherapeutics Kitasato University School of Pharmacy Institute of Clinical Medicine and Research The Jikei University School of Medicine

The incidence of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDA) is on the rise, and the prognosis is extremely poor because PDA is highly aggressive and notoriously difficult to treat. Although gemcitabine- or 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy is typically offered as a standard of care, most patients do not survive longer than 1 year. Therefore, the development of alternative therapeutic approaches for patients with PDA is imperative. As PDA cells express numerous tumor-associated antigens that are suitable vaccine targets, one promising treatment approach is cancer vaccines. During the last few decades, cell-based cancer vaccines have offered encouraging results in preclinical studies. Cell-based cancer vaccines are mainly generated by presenting whole tumor cells or dendritic cells to cells of the immune system. In particular, several clinical trials have explored cell-based cancer vaccines as a promising therapeutic approach for patients with PDA. Moreover, chemotherapy and cancer vaccines can synergize to result in increased efficacies in patients with PDA. In this review, we will discuss both the effect of cell-based cancer vaccines and advances in terms of future strategies of cancer vaccines for the treatment of PDA patients.

关键词： Pancreatic cancer Dendritic cell whole tumor cell Cancer vaccine Cytotoxic T lymphocyte

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Molecular analysis of blood vessel maturation

Molecular analysis of blood vessel maturation

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中国病理生理学会微循环专业委员会第十二届学术大会

作者： Nobuyuki takakura Department of Signal Transduction Research Institute for Microbial DiseasesOsaka University

＜正＞Blood vessels play a fundamental role in supplying cells with oxygen. The vascular system of vertebrates has a highly organized hierarchical structure,ranging from large blood vessels down to finely sized *** closed circular system enables vital fluids to be transported rapidly around the body to reach whole organs and *** intra-luminal cavity of blood

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Dendritic cell-based cancer immunotherapy for colorectal cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第17期22卷 4275-4286页

作者： Mikio Kajihara Kazuki takakura Tomoya Kanai Zensho Ito Keisuke Saito Shinichiro Takami Shigetaka Shimodaira Masato Okamoto Toshifumi Ohkusa Shigeo Koido Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal Medicine The Jikei University School of Medicine (Kashiwa Hospital) Cell Processing Center Shinshu University Hospital Department of Advanced Immunotherapeutics Kitasato University School of Pharmacy Institute of Clinical Medicine and Research the Jikei University School of Medicine

Colorectal cancer(CRC) is one of the most common cancers and a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Although systemic therapy is the standard care for patients with recurrent or metastatic CRC, the prognosis is extremely poor. The optimal sequence of therapy remains unknown. Therefore, alternative strategies, such as immunotherapy, are needed for patients with advanced CRC. This review summarizes evidence from dendritic cell-based cancer immunotherapy strategies that are currently in clinical trials. In addition, we discuss the possibility of antitumor immune responses through immunoinhibitory PD-1/PD-L1 pathway blockade in CRC patients.

关键词： Colorectal cancer Dendritic cell Cancer immunotherapy Cytotoxic T lymphocyte Immune-checkpoint inhibitors

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Clinical significance of serum procalcitonin in patients with ulcerative colitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第45期19卷 8335-8341页

作者： Shigeo Koido Toshifumi Ohkusa Kazuki takakura Shunichi Odahara Shintaro Tsukinaga Toyokazu Yukawa Jimi Mitobe Mikio Kajihara Kan Uchiyama Hiroshi Arakawa Hisao Tajiri Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal Medicine The Jikei University School of MedicineChiba 277-8567 Japan

AIM:To investigate the association of procalcitonin(PCT)with ulcerative colitis(UC)***:Serum PCT levels,C-reactive protein(CRP)levels,the erythrocyte sedimentation rate,and the white blood cell count were analyzed in 18 patients with UC and 11 healthy *** PCT levels were analyzed by an electrochemiluminescence *** assessments were based on Truelove and Witts’severity *** of serum PCT and CRP levels with UC activity was ***,we assessed serum PCT and CRP levels in patients with a Mayo endoscopic ***:Serum PCT levels in severe UC patients(n=7)(0.096±0.034 ng/mL)were significantly higher than in mild-to-moderate UC patients(n=11)(0.033±0.012 ng/mL)and healthy volunteers(n=11)(0.035±0.005 ng/mL)(P=0.0005 and P<0.0001,respectively).In addition,there was no difference in serum PCT levels between mild-to-moderate UC patients and healthy ***,patients with a Mayo endoscopic subscore of 3 points displayed significantly increased levels of serum PCT(0.075±0.043 ng/mL)compared with patients with a subscore of 2 points(0.03±0.011 ng/mL)(P=0.0302).Moreover,CRP levels in patients with severe UC or a Mayo endoscopic subscore of 3 points were not significantly higher than in patients with mild-to-moderate UC or a Mayo endoscopic subscore of 3 ***:Serum PCT levels were significantly correlated with UC activity.

关键词： C-reactive protein Disease activity Procalcitonin Severity Ulcerative colitis

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