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Combined quantitative microscopy on the microstructure and phase evolution in Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 ceramics

Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2020年第2期9卷 149-161页

作者： Deniz Cihan GUNDUZ Roland SCHIERHOLZ Shicheng YU hermann TEMPELa Hans KUNGL Rudiger-AEICHEL Forschungszentrum Jülich Institute of Energy and Climate Research(IEK-9:Fundamental Electrochemistry)Julich D-52425Germany Forschungszentrum Julich Institute of Energy and Climate Research(IEK-12:Helmholtz-Institute Münster:Ionics in Energy Storage)Munster D-48149Germany RWTH Aachen University Institute of Physical ChemistryAachen D-52074Germany

Lithium aluminum titanium phosphate(LATP)is one of the materials under consideration as an electrolyte in future all-solid-state lithium-ion *** ceramic processing,the presence of secondary phases and porosity play an important *** a presence of more than one secondary phase and pores,image analysis must tackle the difficulties about distinguishing between these microstructural *** this study,we study the phase evolution of LATP ceramics sintered at temperatures between 950 and 1100℃by image segmentation based on energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS)elemental maps combined with quantitative analysis of LATP *** found aluminum phosphate(AlPO4)and another phosphate phase((Lix)PyOz).The amount of these phases changes with sintering ***,since the grains act as an aluminum source for AlPO4 formation,the aluminum content in the LATP grains ***,the amount of secondary phase changes from more(Lix)PyOz at 950℃to mainly AlPO4 at 1100℃sintering *** also used scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and confocal laser scanning microscopy(CLSM)to study the evolution of the LATP grains and AlPO4,and LATP grain size increases with sintering *** addition,transmission electron microscopy(TEM)was used for the determination of grain boundary width and to identify the amorphous structure of AlPO4.

关键词： lithium aluminum titanium phosphate(LATP) microstructure quantitative microscopy grain size confocal laser scanning microscopy(CLSM) NASICON

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Apoptosis induced by titanium dioxide nanoparticles in cultured murine microglia N9 cells

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2009年第20期54卷 3830-3836页

作者： LI XiaoBo XU ShunQing ZHANG ZhiRen hermann J Schluesener School of Public Health Southeast University Nanjing 210009 China Key Laboratory of Environment and Heath of the Ministry of Education Institute of Environmental Medicine School of Public Health Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030 China Institute of Brain Research University of Tuebingen Calwer Str. 3 D-72076 Tuebingen Germany

Owing to the rapidly increasing output of nano-scale titanium dioxide(TiO2) particles,their potential risk for central nerve system(CNS) has elicited much concern *** is the resident macrophage in CNS and essential for the homeostasis of the CNS *** are supposed to response to nanoparticles depositing in the brain ***,we investigated the cytotoxic effects of TiO2 NPs on microglia N9 cells in *** of propidium iodide/fluorescein diacetate(PI/FDA) double staining and MTT test clearly showed that TiO2 NPs more efficiently affected the viability of microglia N9 *** Hoechst 33258 staining and flow cytometric analysis proved that nano-scale but not normal scale TiO2 induced apoptosis in *** data suggest that TiO2 NPs can elicit apoptosis of N9 cells in vitro and thus present a potential risk for CNS.

关键词：纳米二氧化钛胶质细胞细胞凋亡诱导培养中枢神经系统二氧化钛纳米粒流式细胞仪分析小鼠

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Effect of humic substances on the precipitation of calcium phosphate

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2006年第5期18卷 852-857页

作者： SONG Yong-hui hermann H. HAHN Erhard HOFFMANN Peter G. WEIDLER Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing 100012 China Institute for Aquatic Environmental Engineering University of Karlsruhe Karlsruhe D-76128 Germaay Institute for Technical Chemistry Research Centre of Karlsruhe Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen D-76344 Germany

For phosphorus （P） recovery from wastewater, the effect of humic substances （HS） on the precipitation of calcium phosphate was studied. Batch experiments of calcium phosphate precipitation were undertaken with synthetic water that contained 20 mg/L phosphate （as P） and 20 mg/L HS （as dissolved organic carbon, DOC） at a constant pH value in the range of 8.0-10.0. The concentration variations of phosphate, calcium （Ca） and HS were measured in the precipitation process; the crystalline state and compositions of the precipitates were analysed by powder X-ray diffraction （XRD） and chemical methods, respectively. It showed that at solution pH 8.0, the precipitation rate and removal efficiency of phosphate were greatly reduced by HS, but at solution pH ≥9.0, the effect of HS was very small. The Ca consumption for the precipitation of phosphate increased when HS was added; HS was also removed from solution with the precipitation of calcium phosphate. At solution pH 8.0 and HS concentrations ≤3.5 mg/L, and at pH ≥ 9.0 and HS concentrations ≤ 10 mg/L, the final precipitates were proved to be hydroxyapatite （HAP） by XRD. The increases of solution pH value and initial Ca/P ratio helped reduce the influence of HS on the precipitation of phosphate.

关键词： calcium phosphate phosphorus recovery precipitation humic substances initial CaJP ratio solution pH value

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Assessing risks and uncertainties in forest dynamics under different management scenarios and climate change

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Forest Ecosystems 2015年第3期2卷 169-189页

作者： Matthias Albert Jan Hansen Jürgen Nagel Matthias Schmidt hermann Spellmann Northwest German Forest Research Station

Background: Forest management faces a climate induced shift in growth potential and increasing current and emerging new risks. Vulnerability analysis provides decision support based on projections of natural resources taking risks and uncertainties into account. In this paper we(1) characterize differences in forest dynamics under three management scenarios,(2) analyse the effects of the three scenarios on two risk factors, windthrow and drought stress, and(3) quantify the effects and the amount of uncertainty arising from climate projections on height increment and drought ***: In four regions in northern Germany, we apply three contrasting management scenarios and project forest development under climate change until 2070. Three climate runs(minimum, median, maximum) based on the emission scenario RCP 8.5 control the site-sensitive forest growth functions. The minimum and maximum climate run define the range of prospective climate ***: The projections of different management regimes until 2070 show the diverging medium-term effects of thinnings and harvests and long-term effects of species conversion on a regional scale. Examples of windthrow vulnerability and drought stress reveal how adaptation measures depend on the applied management path and the decision-maker’s risk attitude. Uncertainty analysis shows the increasing variability of drought risk projections with time. The effect of climate projections on height growth are quantified and uncertainty analysis reveals that height growth of young trees is dominated by the age-trend whereas the climate signal in height increment of older trees is ***: Drought risk is a serious issue in the eastern regions independent of the applied silvicultural scenario,but adaptation measures are limited as the proportion of the most drought tolerant species Scots pine is already high. Windthrow risk is no serious overall threat in any region, but adequate counter-measures such as spec

关键词： Climate change Silvicultural management strategies

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Preparing for a “dirty bomb” attack: The optimum mix of medical countermeasure resources

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Military Medical Research 2021年第3期8卷 336-351页

作者： Alexis Rump Patrick Ostheim Stefan Eder Cornelius hermann Michael Abend Matthias Port Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology Neuherberg Str.n80937 MunichGermany

Background: In radiological emergencies with radionuclide incorporation, decorporation treatment is particularly effective if started early. Treating all people potentially contaminated("urgent treatment") may require large antidote stockpiles. An efficacious way to reduce antidote requirements is by using radioactivity screening equipment. We analyzed the suitability of such equipment for triage purposes and determined the most efficient mix of screening units and antidote daily ***: The committed effective doses corresponding to activities within the detection limits of monitoring portals and mobile whole-body counters were used to assess their usefulness as triage tools. To determine the optimal resource mix, we departed from a large-scale scenario(60,000 victims) and based on purchase prices of antidotes and screening equipment in Germany, we calculated efficiencies of different combinations of medical countermeasure resources by data envelopment analysis. Cost-effectiveness was expressed as the costs per life year saved and compared to risk reduction opportunities in other sectors of society as well as the values of a statistical ***: Monitoring portals are adequate instruments for a sensitive triage after cesium-137 exposure with a high screening throughput. For the detection of americium-241 whole-body counters with a lower daily screening capacity per unit are needed. Assuming that 1% of the potentially contaminated patients actually need decorporation treatment, an efficient resource mix includes 6 monitoring portals and 25 mobile whole-body counters. The optimum mix depends on price discounts and in particular the fraction of victims actually needing treatment. The costeffectiveness of preparedness for a "dirty bomb" attack is less than for common health care, but costs for a life year saved are less than for many risk-reduction interventions in the environmental ***: To achieve economic efficiency a high daily screening ca

关键词： Radiological emergency Dirty bomb Medical countermeasures Radionuclide incorporation Decorporation treatment Screening Efficiency Data envelopment analysis

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A discrete contact model for complex arbitrary-shaped convex geometries

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Particuology 2023年第9期80卷 180-191页

作者： Jan E.Marquardt Ulrich J.Römer hermann Nirschl Mathias J.Krause Lattice Boltzmann Research Group Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyStraße am Forum 8Karlsruhe76131Germany Institute for Mechanical Process Engineering and Mechanics Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyStraße am Forum 8Karlsruhe76131Germany Institute of Engineering Mechanics Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyKaiserstraße 10Karlsruhe76131Germany Institute for Applied and Numerical Mathematics Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyEnglerstraße 2Karlsruhe76131Germany

The shape of particles has a significant influence on the behavior of suspensions,as the particle-fluid,particle-particle,and particle-wall interactions depend on ***,the simultaneous consideration of complex particle shapes and four-way coupling remains a major *** is mainly due to a lack of suitable contact *** models for complex shapes have been proposed in literature,and most limit the accuracy of the particle-fluid *** this reason,this paper presents a novel contact model for complex convex particle shapes for use with partially saturated methods,in which we propose to obtain necessary contact properties,such as the indentation depth,by a discretization of the contact *** goal of the proposed model is to enable comprehensive and accurate studies of particulate flows,especially with high volume fractions,that lead to new insights and contribute to the improvement of existing industrial *** ensure correctness and sustainability,we validate the model extensively by studying cases with and without *** the latter case,we use the homogenized lattice Boltzmann *** provided investigations show a great agreement of the proposed discrete contact model with analytical solutions and the literature.

关键词： Partially saturated cells method Homogenized lattice Boltzmann method Arbitrarily shaped particle Discrete contact model Particle-resolved simulation OpenLB

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Field-aligned current distribution and response to interplanetary conditions during a superstorm——CHAMP observation

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2007年第2期52卷 248-258页

作者： WANG Hui MA ShuYing hermann LUEHR ZHOU YunLiang DANG Ge Institute of Ionosphere and Magnetosphere LOGEG CNME College of Electronic Information Wuhan University Wuhan 430079 China GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam 14473 Germany

With geomagnetic measurements on board of CHAMP satellite, the characteristics of global large-scale field-aligned currents (FACs) in the topside ionosphere are investigated along with their responses to interplanetary conditions for the superstorm of November, 2003. It is found that (1) The storm-time FAC densities enhanced greatly in comparison with quiet period and the enhancements show hemispheric asymmetry of both summer-winter and sunlit-dark. (2) For the first time, it is revealed that the lati-tude-integrated FAC density is controlled mainly by solar wind dynamic pressure rather than IMF. (3) FACs expanded equatorward dramatically, with the lowest latitude being 45° MLat or more; on the day-side this expansion was controlled directly by IMF Bz, showing an interaction time scale of about 25 min in the solar wind-magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling system, and a nonlinear saturation of the equatorward expansion when IMF Bz < -30 nT; while on the nightside, the expansion and recovery lagged about 3 h behind the IMF changes but nearly in phase with changes of SYM-H index. (4) During the storm main phase, the nightside FAC latitude coverage extended to 25° or wider, appearing multi-sheet current structure with more than 10 sheets.

关键词：地磁场地球空间耦合机制电离层

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Evaluation of drought indices to identify tolerant genotypes in common bean bush(Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2020年第1期19卷 99-107页

作者： Alefsi David SáNCHEZ-REINOSO Gustavo Adolfo LIGARRETO-MORENO hermann RESTREPO-DíAZ Departamento de Agronomía Universidad Nacional de Colombia

Drought is one of the major abiotic stresses often causing negative impacts on bean crops in the Andean region in Colombia. An experiment under the greenhouse conditions was carried out to assess the effect of a prolonged drought period(15 days) at two different phenological stages(vegetative or reproductive) on grain yield and yield components of five bush bean cultivars(ICA-Cerinza, Bachue, NUA35, Bianca, and Bacatá). Nine tolerance indices including stress susceptibility index(SSI), tolerance(TOL), mean productivity(MP), geometric mean productivity(GMP), stress tolerance index(STI), yield stability index(YSI), yield index(YI), Harmonic mean(HM), and drought sensitivity index(DSI) were calculated based on grain yield under non-stressed(YP) and drought(YS) conditions. Based on the different drought indices, genotypes ICA-Cerinza and NUA35 had the best performance under drought conditions in both studied phases, which reflected in a reduction of grain yield ~≤40%. The biplot analysis also showed a clear superiority of these two genotypes at both phenological stages. Results also showed that SSI was more effective to identify genotypes less affected by drought. The above results allowed us to conclude that ICA-Cerinza and NUA35 may be considered for agricultural areas where long periods of water deficit are expected and can be used in breeding programs for drought tolerance.

关键词： yield components selection indices correlation biplot analysis

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Geoscience material structures prediction via CALYPSO methodology

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Chinese Physics B 2019年第10期28卷 38-49页

作者： Andreas hermann Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions and SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy The University of Edinburgh

Many properties of planets such as their interior structure and thermal evolution depend on the high-pressure properties of their constituent materials. This paper reviews how crystal structure prediction methodology can help shed light on the transformations materials undergo at the extreme conditions inside planets. The discussion focuses on three areas:(i) the propensity of iron to form compounds with volatile elements at planetary core conditions(important to understand the chemical makeup of Earth's inner core),(ii) the chemistry of mixtures of planetary ices(relevant for the mantle regions of giant icy planets), and(iii) examples of mantle minerals. In all cases the abilities and current limitations of crystal structure prediction are discussed across a range of example studies.

关键词： crystal structure prediction core materials planetary ices hydrous minerals

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The impact of migration on the food consumption and nutrition of left-behind family members: Evidence from a minority mountainous region of southwestern China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2019年第8期18卷 1780-1792页

作者： MIN Shi HOU Ling-ling hermann Waibel HUANG Ji-kun MU Yue-ying China Center for Agricultural Policy School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences Peking University Beijing 100871 P.R.China Institute of Development and Agricultural Economics Leibniz University Hannover Hannover 30167 Germany College of Economics and Management China Agricultural University Beijing 100083 P.R.China

While migration is widely recognized as a valid option for improving farmers’ income, the welfare effects of migration on left-behind family members are ambiguous. This study examines the impacts of migration on left-behind family members’ food consumption and nutrient intake, particularly in remote rural areas in China. Based on household survey data collected from 611 smallholder rubber farmers in Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture of southwestern China, the empirical results suggest that the migration of family members contributes to improving household net income, whereas it negatively affects left-behind family members’ consumption of grain and pork. Migration also leads to a decrease in left-behind family members’ nutrient intake. Surprisingly, the economic returns of farmers’ migration not only do not foster the transformation of household food consumption from a staple food-dominated dietary structure to one including more meat and dairy products but also reduce left-behind family members’ nutrient intake. This study adds to the literature on the impact of farmers’ migration. The findings have important implications for better understanding the impacts of migration on farmers’ livelihood and human capital development in rural China.

关键词： migration food consumption nutrition left-behind

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