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Temporal and Spatial Dynamics of Bacterial Community in the Rhizosphere of Soybean Genotypes Grown in a Black Soil

Pedosphere 2009年第6期19卷 808-816页

作者： jIN jian WANG Guang-Hua LIU Xiao-Bing LIU jii-Dong CHEN Xue-Li S. j. herbert Key Lab of Black Soil Ecology Northeast Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Harbin 150081 (China) Department of Plant Soil and Insect Sciences University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003 (USA)

The dynamics of rhizosphere microbial communities is important for plant health and productivity, and can be influenced by soil type, plant species or genotype, and plant growth stage. A pot experiment was carried out to examine the dynamics of microbial communities in the rhizosphere of two soybean genotypes grown in a black soil in Northeast China with a long history of soybean cultivation. The two soybean genotypes, Beifeng 11 and Hai 9731, differing in productivity were grown in a mixture of black soil and siliceous sand. The bacterial communities were compared at three zone locations including rhizoplane, rhizosphere, and bulk soil at the third node （V3）, early flowering （R1）, and early pod （R3） stages using polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （PCR-DCGE） of 16S rDNA. The results of principal component analyses （PCA） showed that the bacterial community structure changed with growth stage. Spatially, the bacterial communities in the rhizoplane and rhizosphere were significantly different from those in the bulk soil. Nevertheless, the bacterial communities in the rhizoplane were distinct from those in the rhizosphere at the V3 stage, while no obvious differences were found at the R1 and R3 stages. For the two genotypes, the bacterial community structure was similar at the V3 stage, but differed at the R1 and R3 stages. In other words, some bacterial populations became dominant and some others recessive at the two later stages, which contributed to the variation of the bacterial community between the two genotypes. These results suggest that soybean plants can modify the rhizosphere bacterial communities in the black soil, and there existed genotype-specific bacterial populations in the rhizospbere, which may be related to soybean productivity.

关键词： PCR-DGGE plant growth stage 16S rDNA soybean productivity

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Laboratory study of fracture initiation and propagation in Barre granite under fluid pressure at stress state close to failure

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journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2023年第3期15卷 538-550页

作者： Bing Q.Li Michela Casanova herbert H.Einstein Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUSA Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Western UniversityLondonCanada School of Architecture Civil and Environmental EngineeringÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanneSwitzerland

Hydraulic fracturing is frequently used to increase the permeability of rock formations in energy extraction scenarios such as unconventional oil and gas extraction and enhanced geothermal systems(EGSs).The present study addresses uncertainties in the hydraulic fracturing process pertaining to EGSs in crystalline rock such as ***,there is debate in the literature on the mechanisms(*** and/or shear)by which these fractures initiate,propagate,and *** present experiments on Barre granite with pre-cut flaws where the material is loaded to high far-field stresses close to shear failure,and then the fluid pressure in the flaws is increased to move the Mohr’s circle to the left and observe the initiation and propagation of fractures using high-speed imaging and acoustic emissions(AEs).We find that the hydraulic fractures initiate as tensile microcracks at the flaw tips,and then propagate as a combination of tensile and shear *** focal mechanisms also show elevated levels of tensional microfracturing near the flaw tips during pressurization and final *** then consider a numerical model of the experimental setup,where we find that fractures are indeed likely to initiate at flaw tips in tension even at relatively high far-field stresses of 40 MPa where shear failure is generally expected.

关键词： Acoustic emission(AE) Hydraulic fracturing Enhanced geothermal system(EGS) Microseismicity

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Direct Evidence of Coal Swelling and Shrinkage with Injecting CO_(2) and N_(2) Using in-situ Synchrotron X-ray Microtomography

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Engineering 2022年第11期18卷 88-95页

作者： Guanglei Zhang P.G.Ranjith herbert E.Huppert Department of Earth Science and Engineering Imperial College LondonLondon SW72BPUK Deep Earth Energy Laboratory Department of Civil EngineeringMonash UniversityMelbourneVIC3800Australia Institute of Theoretical Geophysics King’s CollegeCambridge CB21STUK

Deep coal seams are one of the world’s most widespread deposits for carbon dioxide(C02)disposal and are generally located near large point sources of CO_(2)*** injection of CO_(2)into coal seams has great potential to sequester CO_(2)while simultaneously enhancing coalbed methane(CO_(2)-ECBM)*** tests of CO_(2)-ECBM have been conducted in coal seams worldwide with favorable early ***,one of the main technical barriers in coal seams needs to be resolved:Injecting CO_(2)reduces coal permeability and well ***,using in situ synchrotron X-ray microtomography,we provide the first observational evidence that injecting nitrogen(N_(2))can reverse much of this lost permeability by reopening fractures that have closed due to coal swelling induced by CO_(2)*** findings support the notion that injecting minimally treated flue gas-a mixture of mainly N_(2) and CO_(2)-is an attractive alternative for ECBM recovery instead of pure CO_(2)injection in deep coal ***,flue gas produced by power plants could be directly injected after particulate removal,thus avoiding high CO_(2)-separation ***,the presence of N_(2)makes it possible to maintain a sufficiently high level of coal *** results suggest that flue-gas ECBM for deep coal seams may provide a promising path toward net-zero emissions from coal mines.

关键词： CCS CO_(2)-ECBM Carbon neutrality X-ray imaging Coal permeability

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Context dependent song-flight performance and timing in the Black-headed Bunting(Emberiza melanocephala)

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Avian Research 2022年第4期13卷 477-486页

作者： sanja Barisic Davor Cikovic Vesna Tutis jelena Kralj herbert Hoi Institute of Ornithology Croatian Academy of Sciences and ArtsZagrebGunduliceva 2410000ZagrebCroatia Konrad Lorenz Institute of Ethology Department of Interdisciplinary Life SciencesUniversity of Veterinary Medicine ViennaSavoyenstraße 1A1160ViennaAustria

Many songbirds produce song-flights;however,the function,vocal and motor characteristics,as well as the diel and seasonal variation of song-flight in songbirds remain not well ***,we studied two types of song-flight in male Black-headed Buntings(Emberiza melanocephala),the Moth—a standard,i.e.,perch song produced during a horizontal flight,and the Towering—a specifically structured song produced during a complex ascending and descending *** perch song,used during Moth flight,has already been described,here we provide the first description and sonogram representation of the more elaborate and less stereotyped Towering *** males started to perform Moth song-flights as soon as they arrived at the breeding site,Towering did not start before the female *** usually delivered spontaneous Moth song-flights before chasing rivals or undertaking aerial fights,suggesting Moth is directed towards conspecific males and serves as a threat ***,playback of conspecific perch songs triggered males to approach the loudspeaker with Moth *** Towering started after females arrived at the breeding site,suggesting the Towering is directed towards conspecific *** detected a seasonal difference in the peak Towering rate between forenoon and afternoon,suggesting that Towerings performed at different times of the day have different *** Towerings were strongly positively related to the number of fertile females at the breeding site,while afternoon Towerings peaked very early in the breeding season and coincided with the number of females at the breeding site before the onset of *** results provide evidence that birds can direct different types of song-flight towards different receivers and suggest the possibility that time of the day determines the context of the display,namely to attract social mates or solicit *** work is needed to account for the effect of between male vari

关键词： Fertilisation probability Mate attraction Moth song-flight Towering song-flight

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Developments in diagnosis and treatment of paediatric septic arthritis

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World journal of Orthopedics 2022年第2期13卷 122-130页

作者： Cornelia M Donders Anne j Spaans herbert van Wering Christiaan jA van Bergen Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Meander Medical CentreAmersfoort 3813 TZNetherlands Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Sint MaartenskliniekNijmegen 6574 NANetherlands Department of Paediatrics Amphia HospitalBreda 4818 CKNetherlands Department of Orthopedic Surgery Amphia HospitalBreda 4818 CKNetherlands

Acute septic arthritis in children is an orthopaedic emergency.A delay in diagnosis and inappropriate treatment can result in devastating damage to the joint with lifelong disability as a *** clinical presentation can be a diagnostic challenge,especially in young children.A recent systematic review showed that joint tenderness and fever are important signals of septic *** is helpful in detecting the presence of a joint *** radiographs may show bone changes but magnetic resonance imaging is the most reliable imaging study for detecting concomitant *** diagnosis of acute septic arthritis is highly suggestive when pus is aspirated from the joint,in case of a positive culture or a positive gram stain of the joint fluid,or if there is a white blood-cell count in the joint fluid of more than 50000/*** aureus is the most commonly cultured *** systematic reviews have identified the most effective drainage techniques,including needle aspiration,arthroscopy and arthrotomy,depending on the affected *** the drainage procedure it is important to monitor the clinical and laboratory *** drainage procedures may be necessary in select cases.

关键词： Septic arthritis Paediatric Children Analysis Treatment Drainage

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Cyanobacterial flv4-2 Operon-Encoded Proteins Optimize Light Harvesting and Charge Separation in Photosystem Ⅱ

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Molecular Plant 2015年第5期8卷 747-761页

作者： Volha Chukhutsina Luca Bersanini Eva-Mari Aro herbert van Amerongen Laboratory of Biophysics Wageningen University P.O. Box 8128 6700 ET Wageningen The Netherlands MicroSpectroscopy Centre Wageningen University 6703HA Wageningen The Netherlands BioSolarCells P.O. Box 98 6700AB Wageningen The Netherlands Department of Biochemistry Molecular Plant Biology University of Turku FI-20014 Turku Finland These authors contributed equally to this article

Photosystem Ⅱ （PSII） complexes drive the water-splitting reaction necessary to transform sunlight into chemical energy. However, too much light can damage and disrupt PSlh In cyanobacteria, the flv4-2 operon encodes three proteins （FIv2, FIv4, and S110218）, which safeguard PSll activity under air-level CO2 and in high light conditions. However, the exact mechanism of action of these proteins has not been clarified yet. We demonstrate that the PSII electron transfer properties are influenced by the flv4-2 operon-encoded pro- teins. Accelerated secondary charge separation kinetics was observed upon expression/overexpression of the flv4-2 operon. This is likely induced by docking of the FIv2/FIv4 heterodimer in the vicinity of the QB pocket of PSlI, which, in turn, increases the QB redox potential and consequently stabilizes forward electron transfer. The alternative electron transfer route constituted by FIv2/FIv4 sequesters electrons from QB- guaranteeing the dissipation of excess excitation energy in PSII under stressful conditions. In addition, we demonstrate that in the absence of the flv4-2 operon-encoded proteins, about 20% of the phycobilisome antenna becomes detached from the reaction centers, thus decreasing light harvesting. Phycobilisome detachment is a consequence of a decreased relative content of PSII dimers, a feature observed in the absence of the SII0218 protein.

关键词： electron transfer flavodiiron proteins light harvesting photoprotection photosystem Ⅱ

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Multiscale structural analysis inspired by exceptional load cases concerning the immersed tunnel of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge

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Underground Space 2018年第4期3卷 252-267页

作者： Hui Wang Eva Binder herbert Mang Yong Yuan Bernhard Pichler Institute for Mechanics of Materials and Structures TU Wien–Vienna University of TechnologyKarlsplatz 13/202A-1040 ViennaAustria College of Civil Engineering Tongji UniversityShanghaiChina

This paper contains an assessment of the added value of multiscale material models for concrete in the context of macroscopic struc-tural analysis of(steel-reinforced)concrete *** examples are *** are inspired by the possibility of car accidents inside the immersed tunnel of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge(HZMB).The first example deals with vehicles crashing into the tunnel *** high-dynamic strengthening effect of concrete is studied based on an engineering mechanics *** structural nature of the dynamic strength increase factor(DIF)is demonstrated by means of high-dynamic strength values measured on mortar cylinders of different ***,the evolution of the DIF as a function of hardening of concrete at material ages beyond 28 days is studied.A validated multiscale model for concrete renders a customized analysis for the specific concrete used for the aforementioned tunnel *** is found that the DIF decreases with progressive hardening of concrete at material ages beyond 28 *** second example is inspired by tunnel fires as may happen after car *** study refers to thermal stresses in steel-reinforced concrete beams sub-jected to sudden *** thermal expansion coefficient of the concrete of the tunnel is quantified by means of a multiscale *** is used as input for linear thermo-mechanical Finite-Element simulations of steel-reinforced concrete *** essential macroscopic simulation results are temperature distributions and associated stress *** are employed for top-down quantification of micro-scopic stress states inside the cement paste and the *** allows for quantifying two sources of microstructural stress fluctu-ations:(i)the macro-to-micro stress concentration and(ii)the mismatch of microscopic thermal expansion *** both examples,the multiscale models for concrete have increased the informative content of the structural simulations.

关键词： Concrete linings High-dynamic strength Thermal stresses

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Liver stiffness reversibly increases during pregnancy and independently predicts preeclampsia

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第38期24卷 4393-4402页

作者： Franziska j Ammon Anna Kohlhaas Omar Elshaarawy johannes Mueller Thomas Bruckner Christof Sohn Gabriele Fluhr herbert Fluhr Sebastian Mueller Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Heidelberg Department of Medicine and Center for Alcohol Research Liver Disease and NutritionSalem Medical CenterUniversity of Heidelberg Institute of Medical Biometry und Informatics University of Heidelberg

AIM To study liver stiffness(LS) during pregnancy and its association with complications during *** In this observational, diagnostic study, 537 pregnant women were prospectively enrolled at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University hospital Heidelberg and salem Medical Center. LS was measured using the Fibroscan device(Echosens, Paris) in all women and in 41 cases 24 h after delivery. Clinical and morphological data were recorded and abdominal ultrasound and standard laboratory tests were performed. No complications were observed in 475 women(controls) while preeclampsia and intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy(ICP) developed in 22 and 40 women, *** In controls, LS increased significantly from initially 4.5 ± 1.2 kPa in the second trimester to 6.0 ± 2.3 kPa(P < 0.001) in the third trimester. In the third trimester, 41% of women had a LS higher than 6 kPa. Elevated LS in controls was significantly correlated with alkaline phosphatase, leukocytes, gestational age and an increase in body weight and body mass index(BMI). In women with pregnancy complications, LS was significantly higher as compared to controls(P < 0.0001). Moreover, in multivariate analysis, LS was an independent predictor for preeclampsia with an odds ratio of 2.05(1.27-3.31) and a cut-off value of 7.6 kPa. In contrast, ICP could not be predicted by LS. Finally, LS rapidly decreased in all women within 24 h after delivery from 7.2 ± 3.3 kPa down to 4.9 ± 2.2 kPa(P < 0.001).CONCLUSION During pregnancy, LS significantly and reversibly increases in the final trimester of pregnant women without complications. In women with preeclampsia, LS is significantly elevated and an independent noninvasive predictor.

关键词： Pregnancy Transient elastography Liver stiffness Pregnancy complications Hemolysis,elevated liver enzymes and low platelets syndrome Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy Preeclampsia

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Modulating effects of acyl-CoA synthetase 5-derived mitochondrial Wnt2B palmitoylation on intestinal Wnt activity

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第40期20卷 14855-14864页

作者： Christina Klaus Ursula Schneider Christian Hedberg Anke K Schütz jürgen Bernhagen herbert Waldmann Nikolaus Gassler Elke Kaemmerer Institute of Pathology RWTH Aachen University 52074 Aachen Germany Department of Chemical Biology Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology 44227 Dortmund Germany Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology RWTH Aachen University 52074 Aachen Germany Department of Pediatrics RWTH Aachen University 52074 Aachen Germany

AIM: To investigate the role of acyl-CoA synthetase 5 (ACSL5) activity in Wnt signaling in intestinal surface epithelia.

关键词： Acyl-CoA synthetases Wnt signaling Palmitoylation Intestinal barrier Carcinogenesis

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Synthesis and Application of Granular Activated Carbon from Biomass Waste Materials for Water Treatment:A Review

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journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts 2021年第4期6卷 292-322页

作者： joseph jjagwe Peter Wilberforce Olupot Emmanuel Menya herbert Mpagi Kalibbala Department of Mechanical Engineering College of EngineeringDesignArt and TechnologyMakerere UniversityP.O.Box 7062Kampala-Uganda Department of Biosystems Engineering Gulu UniversityP.O.Box 166GuluUganda Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering College of EngineeringDesignArt and TechnologyMakerere UniversityP.O.Box 7062Kampala-Uganda

There is an increased global demand for activated carbon(AC)in application of water treatment and *** pollutants that have exhibited a greater removal efficiency by AC included but not limited to heavy metals,pharmaceuticals,pesticides,natural organic matter,disinfection by-products,and *** activated carbon(GAC)is mostly used in aqueous so-lutions and adsorption columns for water *** AC is not only costly,but also obtained from non-renewable *** has prompted the search for alternative renewable materials for AC *** wastes present a great potential of such materials because of their availability and carbonaceous *** in turn can reduce on the adverse environmental effects caused by poor disposal of these *** challenges associated with biomass waste based GAC are their low strength and attrition resistance which make them easily disintegrate under aqueous *** paper provides a comprehensive review on recent advances in production of biomass waste based GAC for water treatment and highlights future research *** parameters such as granulation conditions,use of binders,carbonization,activation methods,and their effect on textural properties are *** influencing the adsorption capacities of the derived GACs,adsorption models,adsorption mechanisms,and their regeneration potentials are *** literature reveals that biomass waste materials can produce GAC for use in water treatment with possibilities of being ***,there is a need to explore 1)the effect of preparation pathways on the adsorptive properties of biomass derived GAC,2)sustainable production of biomass derived GAC based on life cycle assessment and techno-economic analysis,and 3)adsorption mechanisms of GAC for removal of contaminants of emerging concerns such as microplastics and unregulated disinfection by-products.

关键词： Activated carbon Biomass waste Binder Water treatment Adsorption mechanism Regeneration

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