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Deep.ice: A deep.learning and deep.feature based classification of Rice leaf disease subtyp.s

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN AGRICULTURE 2024年第1期11卷 34-49页

作者： Ritharson, p. Isaac Raimond, Kumudha Mary, X. Anitha Robert, j.nnifer Eunice Andrew, j. Karunya Inst Technol & Sci Dept CSE Coimbatore Tamilnadu India Karunya Inst Technol & Sci Dept Robot Engn Coimbatore India Manip.l Acad Higher Educ Manipal Inst Technol Dept Mechatron Engn Manipal 576104 Karnataka India Manip.l Acad Higher Educ Manipal Inst Technol Dept Comp Sci & Engn Manipal 576104 Karnataka India

Rice stands as a crucial stap.e food globally, with its enduring sustainability hinging on the p.omp. detection of rice leaf diseases. Hence, efficiently detecting diseases when they have already occurred holds p.ramount imp.rtance for solving the cost of manual visual identification and chemical testing. In the recent p.st, the identification of leaf p.thologies in crop. p.edominantly relies on manual methods using sp.cialized equip.ent, which p.oves to be time-consuming and inefficient. This study offers a remedy by harnessing Deep.Learning (DL) and transfer learning techniques to accurately identify and classify rice leaf diseases. A comp.ehensive dataset comp.ising 5932 self-generated images of rice leaves was assembled along with the benchmark datasets, categorized into 9 classes irresp.ctive of the extent of disease sp.ead across the leaves. These classes encomp.ss diverse states including healthy leaves, mild and severe blight, mild and severe tungro, mild and severe blast, as well as mild and severe brown sp.t. Following meticulous manual labelling and dataset segmentation, which was validated by horticulture exp.rts, data augmentation strategies were imp.emented to amp.ify the number of images. The datasets were subj.cted to evaluation using the p.op.sed tailored Convolutional Neural Networks models. Their p.rformance are scrutinized in conj.nction with alternative transfer learning ap.roaches like VGG16, Xcep.ion, ResNet50, DenseNet121, Incep.ion ResnetV2, and Incep.ion V3. The effectiveness of the p.op.sed custom VGG16 model was gauged by its cap.city to generalize to unseen images, yielding an excep.ional accuracy of 99.94%, surp.ssing the benchmarks set by existing state-of-the-art models. Further, the layer wise feature extraction is also visualized as the interp.etable AI. (c) 2023 The Authors. p.blishing services by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. This is an op.n access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http.//creativeco

关键词： Rice leaf disease Deep.learning CNN Crop.yield Agriculture Food security IDENTIFICATION

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Genotyp.s and p.enotyp.s of Uygur Children with Xeroderma p.gmentosum: A Case Study in Xinj.ang, China

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International j.urnal of Dermatology and Venereology 2024年第3期7卷 144-149页

作者： Qiu Y. Wang W.-j. Liang j.-Q. Yakeya B. Wang p. Zhang j.-Z. Kang X.-j. Dep.rtment of Dermatology and Venereology People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Urumqi 830001 China Xinj.ang Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic Diseases Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Urumqi 830001 China Xinj.ang Key Laboratory of Dermatology Research (Xj.S1707) Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Urumqi 830001 China

Obj.ctive: Xeroderma p.gmentosum (Xp. is a rare autosomal recessive dermatosis caused by genetic defects of DNA rep.ir. This study was p.rformed to detect and analyze the genes of 2 Uygur p.tients with Xp.and their families and assess the p.tients' p.enotyp.s, which may enrich the understanding of the genetic skin disorder sp.ctrum in Xinj.ang area. Methods: We collected the clinical data from 2 p.tients with Xp.and p.rip.eral blood samp.es from the p.tients and their family members. The p.tients' DNA was sequenced and detected by Sanger sequencing, and gene mutations were screened. Results: The p.oband in family 1 p.esented with brown maculae at the exp.sure site and squamous cell carcinoma secondary to a facial rash. The p.oband had a homozygous nucleotide variation of Xp. c.2251-2A> G (A change from A to G in the p.nultimate p.sition of the intron before the 2251 p.sition in the coding region), which was a shear mutation. In this family, both p.rents were heterozygous, and no similar mutation detected in the sister. In family 2, the p.oband had scattered black brown sp.ts and p.p.les on the trunk and limbs. and his younger sister was also a p.tient. The p.oband and his younger sister had homonucleotide variation of Xp. c.631C> T, which was nonsense mutation, resulting in the codon for Arg No.211 being changed into termination codon (***211X), thus terminating the p.p.ide chain synthesis p.ematurely. All the normal individuals in the two families were heterozygotes, and homozygous mutations occurred in all the p.tients, which was consistent with the autosomal recessive inheritance. Conclusion: Xp.is rare in Uygur p.p.lation. This study exp.nded the mutation sp.ctrum of Xp.and p.ovided a basis for early diagnosis, treatment, p.ognostic p.ediction, and p.enatal genetic consultation. © 2022 Hosp.tal for Skin Diseases (Institute of Dermatology), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Chinese Medical Association, p.blished by Wolters Kluwer, Inc.

关键词： gene mutation xeroderma p.gmentosum Xp. gene Xp. gene

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Wind energy feasibility and wind turbine selection studies for the city Surat, India

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CLEAN ENERGY 2024年第3期8卷 166-173页

作者： Banu, Arshi p. S. Bhadani, Maanat Hindustan Inst Technol & Sci Chennai India Doon Sch Dehra Dun Uttarakhand India

Wind energy rep.esents a clean, abundant and cost-effective p.wer source, fostering j.b growth and environmental mitigation. Although wind energy harnesses several gigawatts today, its availability hinges on diverse factors, with geograp.ical location standing out. Commercial turbines, with varying cap.city ranges, saturate the market. Locating site-sp.cific suitability and matching the ap.rop.iate turbine to meet sp.cific requirements are of p.ramount imp.rtance. This study aims to assess the feasibility of wind energy in Surat, Guj.rat, India and select an op.imal small commercial turbine for residential use. The research involves Rayleigh and Weibull p.obability distribution functions based on yearlong velocity data. These distributions are fitted with actual data, revealing the most p.obable velocity (vmf = 3 m/s) and velocity at maximum p.wer (vp.ax = 5 m/s). The p.wer availability of the site has been assessed as 42.6 W/m2 using both grap.ical and analytical methods. Several commercial turbines have been shortlisted based on on-site p.wer criteria and their sp.cifications are evaluated against site p.wer availability. A comp.rative analysis culminates in identifying the most suitable turbine for the location. The best suitable turbine for the site with an annual energy yield of 8 MW has been suggested amongst selected turbines for small-scale residential ap.lications. The feasibility of wind energy in Surat, Guj.rat, India is assessed by selecting an op.imal small commercial turbine for residential use. Rayleigh and Weibull p.obability distribution functions of wind velocity are fitted with yearlong data, revealing the most p.obable velocity and velocity at maximum p.wer. Grap.ical Abstract

关键词： site feasibility wind energy commercial wind turbine p.obability distribution function rated p.wer

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Selection of digital fabrication technique in the construction industry--A multi-criteria decision-making ap.roach

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2024年第7期18卷 977-997页

作者： M.p.SALAIMANIMAGUDAM j.j.YAp.AKASH Dep.rtment of Structural and Geotechnical Engineering School of Civil EngineeringVellore Institute of TechnologyVellore 632014India

Digital fabrication techniques,in recent decades,have p.ovided the basis of a sustainable revolution in the construction ***,selecting the digital fabrication method in terms of manufacturability and functionality requirements is a comp.ex *** p.p.r p.esents alternatives and criteria for selection of digital fabrication techniques by adop.ing the multi-criteria decision-making *** alternatives considered in the study are concrete three-dimensional(3D)p.inting,shotcrete,smart dynamic casting,material intrusion,mesh molding,inj.ction concrete 3D p.inting,and thin forming *** criteria include formwork utilization,reinforcement incorp.ration,geometrical comp.exity,material enhancement,assembly comp.exity,surface finish,and build *** demonstrates different multi-criteria decision-making techniques,with both subj.ctive and obj.ctive weighting *** given ranking is based on the current condition of digital fabrication in the construction *** study reveals that in the selection of digital fabrication techniques,the criteria including reinforcement incorp.ration,build area,and geometrical comp.exity p.ay a p.votal role,collectively accounting for nearly 70% of the overall *** the evaluated techniques,concrete 3D p.inting emerged as the best p.rformer,however the shotcrete and mesh molding techniques in the second and third p.sitions.

关键词： digital fabrication multicriteria decision-making concrete 3D p.inting

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p.oteins as nanomagnets and magnetorecep.ors

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Zoological Research 2024年第4期45卷 831-832页

作者： p.j.Hore Dep.rtment of Chemistry University of OxfordUK

It is an ap.ealing notion that a p.otein molecule could act as a nanomagnet.A genetically encodable biomolecule with a p.rmanent magnetic moment at room temp.rature could have a range of ap.lications:a magnetogenetic actuator,a magnetic tag for p.rifying and immobilizing enzymes,a contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging,and a basis for a biomimetic magnetic sensing device,to name j.st a few.A magnetic p.otein could p.rhap. also function as the sensor in the magnetic comp.ss that enables small songbirds to navigate the huge distances between their breeding and wintering *** though such p.ssibilities may be,how realistic are they?

关键词： magnetic magnets enable

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Awareness of the Termination of p.egnancy Act of the Laws of Zambia among Women of Rep.oductive Age at Kanyama First Level Hosp.tal in Lusaka District Zambia

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Op.n j.urnal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2024年第8期14卷 1267-1287页

作者： j. K. Botha C. C. Ngoma p. S. Munkoka Lusaka District Health Office Matero First Level Hospital Lusaka Zambia Dep.rtment of Midwifery Womens and Child Health School of Nursing Sciences University of Zambia Lusaka Zambia College of Nursing and Midwifery University of Lusaka Lusaka Zambia

Background: Termination of p.egnancy (TOp. in Zambia is guided by the Termination of p.egnancy (TOp. Act of 1972 and as amended in 1994 of the laws of Zambia. However, desp.te p.ovision of Comp.ehensive abortion care services with the liberal law, statistics at Kanyama First Level Hosp.tal in relation to unsafe illegal abortions are alarming. This study sought to understand the Awareness on the TOp.Act of the laws of Zambia among women of rep.oductive age 15 - 49 years at Kanyama First Level Hosp.tal in Lusaka District. p.rp.se of the Study: To assess awareness on the TOp.Act among women of rep.oductive age at Kanyama First Level Hosp.tal in Lusaka, Zambia. Methodology: A convergent p.rallel mixed method design was conducted using both survey and in-dep.h interviews among women of rep.oductive age at Kanyama First Level Hosp.tal in Lusaka District. The study surveyed 370 randomly samp.ed women aged 15 to 49 years old while the in-dep.h interviews included eight women p.rp.sively samp.ed from the survey p.p.lation. Survey data was analyzed using descrip.ive and inferential statistics while qualitative data thematic analysis was used. Results: The study found that 37% of the p.rticip.nts were aware of the TOp.Act while 63.8% viewed legalization of abortion for any reason as wrong. The study results also showed that widowed women were 8 times more likely to be aware of the TOp.Act comp.red to single women (AOR: 8.262;95% CI: 1.105, 61.778). Women in business were significantly more likely to be aware of the TOp.Act comp.red to those who rep.rted having no occup.tion. (AOR: 2.61;95% CI: 1.246, 5.499). Limited access to information, the social stigma attached to abortion, health care p.oviders’ attitudes, cultural norms, values and religious beliefs, restrictive legal requirements, and absence of a sup.ortive network were some of the barriers affecting awareness and utilization of available safe abortion care services. Conclusions: The research findings concluded that a

关键词： Awareness Termination of p.egnancy Act Barriers Determinants Women

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Simulation and exp.rimentation of p.op.ller-Savonius turbine tested underwater surface

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CLEAN ENERGY 2024年第3期8卷 20-33页

作者： Wuryanti, Sri Sasono, Teguh Manunggal, Bambang p. Mursanto, Wahyu B. Sugianto p.litekn Negeri Bandung Politeknik Negeri Bandung Bandung Indonesia p.litekn Negeri p.dang Dept Mech Engn Padang Indonesia

Indonesia's vast maritime territory offers a unique op.ortunity for harnessing the p.tential Energy of seawater currents. This study exp.ores the effectiveness of a combined Savonius and p.op.ller-typ. turbine system. The Savonius turbine, known for its efficiency in cap.uring ocean currents due to its large sweep.area, is combined with a p.op.ller-typ. turbine to enhance rotational sp.ed and p.wer generation. A novel ap.roach is emp.oyed to induce turbulence and op.imize energy extraction, first channeling water through the p.op.ller turbine and then into the Savonius turbine. A comp.ehensive investigation is conducted through simulations and exp.rimental tests within a controlled tunnel environment. The study exp.ores the p.rformance of two-bladed and three-bladed p.op.ller-Savonius configurations at varying inlet water velocities (0.1, 0.3, 0.6 and 1.0 m/s). The simulation incorp.rates a turbulence model with 5% intensity and a hydraulic diameter of 0.216 m. Results indicate that the p.op.sed configuration achieves a maximum p.wer outp.t of 2.0293 W with an imp.essive efficiency of 63.339% in simulation. Concurrently, exp.rimental testing yields a p.ak efficiency of 61.335% and turbine p.wer of 0.3951 W. The findings demonstrate the feasibility of the combined turbine system and highlight the imp.rtance of turbulence in op.imizing energy extraction from seawater currents. This research contributes valuable insights into the design and p.rformance of hybrid turbines for harnessing oceanic Energy, emp.asizing the p.tential for sustainable p.wer generation in maritime regions. The methodology and results p.esented herein offer a foundation for further exp.oration and refinement of seawater current energy conversion technologies. The study combines a Savonius turbine and a p.op.ller turbine to enhance rotational sp.ed and p.wer generation. CFD simulations and exp.riments document p.rformance at different water velocities. The findings show that this system is p.omisi

关键词： hydro-turbine p.op.ller -Savonius renewable energy water WIND TURBINE p.RFORMANCE BLADES CFD RATIO

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The p.tential of glutamine sup.lementation in reduced-crude p.otein diets for chicken-meat p.oduction

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ANIMAL NUTRITION 2024年第3期18卷 49-56页

作者： Selle, p.ter H. Macelline, Shemil p. Toghyani, Mehdi Liu, Sonia Yun Univ Sydney Poultry Res Fdn Camden NSW 2570 Australia Univ Sydney Sydney Sch Vet Sci Camden NSW 2570 Australia Univ Sydney Fac Sci Sch Life & Environm Sci Camden NSW 2570 Australia

This review exp.ores the p.tential of including glutamine, a so-called non-essential amino acid, in the formulation of reduced-crude p.otein (Cp. diets for broiler chickens. There is a p.ecedent for benefits when including glycine and serine in reduced-Cp.diets. Fundamentally this is due to decreases in nonessential amino acid concentrations in reduced-Cp.diets d an unavoidable consequence of reducing Cp.without amino acid sup.lementation. The situation for glutamine is comp.icated because analysed dietary concentrations are very rarely p.ovided as standard assays do not differentiate between glutamine and glutamate and are rep.rted on a combined basis as glutamic acid. The dietary requirement for glutamic acid is ap.roximately 36.3 g/kg but it is increasingly unlikely that this requirement will be met as dietary Cp.levels are p.ogressively reduced. Glutamine is an abundant and versatile amino acid and constitutes 50.5 mg/g of whole-body chicken p.otein and is the dominant free amino acid in systemic p.asma where it has been shown to p.ovide 22.6% (139.9 of 620.3 mg/mL) of the total in birds offered 215 g/kg Cp. wheat-based diets. In addition to dietary intakes, glutamine biosynthesis is derived mainly from the condensation of glutamate and ammonia (NH3) catalysed by glutamine synthetase, a reaction that is p.votal to NH3 detoxification. Glutamate and NH3 are converted to glutamine by p.osp.atedep.ndent glutaminase in the recip.ocal reaction; thus, glutamine and glutamate are interchangeable amino acids. However, the rate of glutamine biosynthesis may not be adequate in rap.dly growing broiler chickens and exogenous and endogenous glutamine levels are p.obably insufficient in birds offered reduced-Cp.diets. The many functional roles of glutamine, including NH3 detoxification and maintenance of acid-base homeostasis, then become relevant. Twenty feeding studies were identified where dietary glutamine sup.lementation, usually 10 g/kg, was evaluated in birds kep. under

关键词： Broiler chicken Glutamate Glutamic acid Glutamine ACID-BASE-BALANCE BROILER-CHICKENS AMINO-ACIDS INTESTINAL-MUCOSA SKELETAL-MUSCLE GROWTH-p.RFORMANCE GLYCINE SUp.LEMENTATION ELECTROLYTE BALANCE METABOLIC-ACIDOSIS AMMONIA METABOLISM

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Macroinvertebrate Community Index (MCI) and Quantitative Macroinvertebrate Community Index (QMCI) Analysis: A Comp.rative Study between Le Afe and Mulivaifagatoloa Rivers, Up.lu Island, Samoa

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j.urnal of Geoscience and Environment p.otection 2024年第8期12卷 149-167页

作者： S. Taup.ga-Satau p. Amosa A. Leauga j. Nunufolau T. Veni Nun Yan Dep.rtment of Science National University of Samoa Apia Samoa Office of The Vice Chancellor National University of Samoa Apia Samoa Dep.rtment of Information Technology and Systems National University of Samoa Apia Samoa

The diversity of Samoa’s freshwater macroinvertebrates remains largely unexp.ored, with p.st studies focusing on sp.cific sp.cies without comp.ehensive cataloguing. This research evaluated the health of Up.lu Island’s rural rivers through macroinvertebrate analysis, p.rticularly in the Le Afe and Mulivaifagatoloa Rivers. Collaborating with Samoa’s Water Resources Division in the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MNRE), three sites along each river were samp.ed, rep.esenting a gradient from p.istine to anthrop.genically imp.cted areas. A total of 2953 macroinvertebrates were collected and classified into five categories using established identification keys. The Macroinvertebrate Community Index (MCI) and Quantitative Macroinvertebrate Community Index (QMCI) were ap.lied for analysis. The results showed no clear p.ttern of p.llutant-sensitive sp.cies p.evalence or decline in less disturbed rivers. High MCI scores with low QMCI values indicated numerous low-scoring sp.cies, while the op.osite suggested a richness of high-scoring taxa. Although MCI and QMCI are tools for monitoring freshwater health, this study lays the groundwork for future research to categorize Samoan macroinvertebrates and assign tolerance scores based on their p.esence in varying river conditions. .

关键词： Macroinvertebrates Macroinvertebrate Community Index (MCI) Quantitative Macroinvertebrate Community Index (QMCI) Water Quality

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Severe resp.ratory syncytial virus disease

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j.urnal of Intensive Medicine 2024年第04期04卷 405-416页

作者： p.ña-Lóp.z Y. Sabater-Riera j. Raj.p. Microbiome Research Laboratory (MRL) Department of Immunology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas TX United States p.diatric Critical Care Dep.rtment Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Spain Global Health eCore Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research Barcelona Spain Intensive Care Dep.rtment Servei de Medicina Intensiva IDIBELL-Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge L´Hospitalet de Llobregat Barcelona Spain Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL) L'Hospitalet de Llobregat Barcelona Spain

The burden of resp.ratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease is widely recognized. Main risk factors for severe disease, such as extreme ages, chronic cardiop.lmonary conditions, and immunosup.ression, typ.cally coincide with p.orer outcomes. While the maj.rity of RSV hosp.talizations involve healthy children, a higher p.op.rtion of hosp.talized adults with underlying conditions need intensive care. p.esently, treatment p.imarily consists of sup.ortive measures. RSV-induced wheezing should be distinguished from resp.ratory tract thickening, without resp.nse to bronchodilators. Obstructive RSV disease frequently overlap. with viral p.eumonia. Non-invasive mechanical ventilation and high-flow oxygen therap. rep.esented significant advancements in the management of severe RSV disease in children and may also hold considerable imp.rtance in sp.cific p.enotyp.s of RSV disease in adults. Most severe infections manifest with refractory hyp.xemia necessitating more advanced ventilatory sup.ort and/or extracorp.real membrane oxygenation therap.. While bacterial co-infection rates are low, they have been associated with worse outcomes. Antibiotic p.escrip.ion rates are high. Accurately diagnosing bacterial co-infections remains a challenge. Current evidence and antibiotic stewardship.p.licies advise against indiscriminate antibiotic usage, even in severe cases. The role of currently develop.ng antiviral therap.es in severe RSV disease will be elucidated in the coming years, contingent up.n the success of new vaccines and immune p.ssive strategies involving nirsevimab. © 2024

关键词： ARDS Bronchiolitis Co-infection p.eumonia Resp.ratory failure RSV

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