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Science China Chemistry 2025年

作者： Min Wu Mingjun Nan Shumin Liu Caihe Zhong Lin qiao Huamin Zhang Xiangkun Ma Department of Materials Science and Engineering Dalian Maritime University Division of Energy Storage Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences

With the increasing demand for energy storage technology, iron-chromium flow batteries（ICFBs） have been widely concerned because of their price advantage. However, the low electrochemical activity of Cr3+/Cr2+redox couples and the side hydrogen evolution reaction limit the industrial application of ICFBs. A multi-dimensional Bi/carbon composite electrocatalyst（Bi@C）for ICFB is designed and prepared to improve the electrochemical activity of Cr3+/Cr2+redox couples. Benefiting by using the Bimetal organic framework（Bi-MOF） with solid matrix as precursors, Bi nanospheres are highly dispersed on the Bi@C electrocatalyst that effectively enhances the electrochemical activity. The special morphology of Bi@C electrocatalyst helps the transfer of electrons and ions, significantly reducing the polarization of battery. Herein, the 3D porous carbon frames accelerate mass transfer, and the 2D carbon nanobelts and carbon layer coating on 0D Bi nanospheres improve the conductivity of Bi nanospheres. Therefore, the ICFB with multi-dimensional Bi@C electrocatalyst exhibits coulombic efficiency of 98.10% and energy efficiency of 79.14% at 140 mA cm-2, which is higher than ICFBs with commercial graphite carbon electrocatalyst and with heat treatment carbon felt. This work provides a simple and economical method to fabricate a high-performance multidimensional Bi@C electrocatalyst for Cr3+/Cr2+redox couples, boosting the development of ICFBs.

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生物降解地膜对崇明生态岛“两无化”水稻土壤环境的影响

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上海农业学报 2023年第1期39卷 72-80页

作者：沈峥宋欣乔恒波石惠娴司慧萍张亚雷同济大学国家设施农业工程技术研究中心上海200092 同济大学污染控制与资源化研究国家重点实验室上海200092

在水稻机械插秧种植的条件下,研究覆膜种植技术中使用的生物降解地膜在世界级生态岛崇明岛“两无化”水稻田中的降解过程及其对土壤环境的影响。结果表明:除覆膜条件不同、其他农艺措施均一致的条件下,到水稻收获期,覆盖生物降解地膜区... 详细信息

在水稻机械插秧种植的条件下,研究覆膜种植技术中使用的生物降解地膜在世界级生态岛崇明岛“两无化”水稻田中的降解过程及其对土壤环境的影响。结果表明:除覆膜条件不同、其他农艺措施均一致的条件下,到水稻收获期,覆盖生物降解地膜区域的地膜在稻田中几乎完全消失,覆膜区域稻田土壤理化性质变化与不覆膜区域基本一致。与种植前相比,收获后覆膜区域水溶性盐总量无显著变化,不覆膜区域下降6.5%;覆膜区域与不覆膜区域有机质含量分别增加10.8%、3.2%,碱解氮含量分别增加11.0%、5.9%,有效磷含量分别增加11.8%、4.6%,速效钾含量分别下降15.9%、19.6%。覆膜区域与不覆膜区域土壤微生物数量较种植前均有所减少,与种植前相比,收获后细菌分别下降51.4%、57.3%,真菌分别下降52.8%、51.8%,放线菌分别下降45.7%、43.9%。研究表明,PBAT材料的生物降解地膜在崇明岛“两无化”稻田中降解性能良好,地膜在光、氧、温度、微生物等作用下发生了降解,覆膜更有利于土壤养分和细菌数量的保持,其应用于崇明岛“两无化”水稻生产具有可行性,对土壤环境影响不显著。

关键词：生物降解地膜崇明世界级生态岛 “两无化”水稻田土壤环境

Heterogeneity of mature oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1336-1349页

作者： Chao Weng Adam M.R.Groh Moein Yaqubi qiao-Ling Cui Jo Anne Stratton G.R.Wayne Moore Jack P.Antel Neuroimmunology Unit Montreal Neurological Institute-HospitalDepartment of Neurology and NeurosurgeryMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada Department of Neurology Renmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubei ProvinceChina

Mature oligodendrocytes form myelin sheaths that are crucial for the insulation of axons and efficient signal transmission in the central nervous *** evidence has challenged the classical view of the functionally static mature oligodendrocyte and revealed a gamut of dynamic functions such as the ability to modulate neuronal circuitry and provide metabolic support to *** the recognition of potential heterogeneity in mature oligodendrocyte function,a comprehensive summary of mature oligodendrocyte diversity is *** delve into early 20th-century studies by Robertson and Río-Hortega that laid the foundation for the modern identification of regional and morphological heterogeneity in mature ***,recent morphologic and functional studies call into question the long-assumed homogeneity of mature oligodendrocyte function through the identification of distinct subtypes with varying myelination ***,modern molecular investigations,employing techniques such as single cell/nucleus RNA sequencing,consistently unveil at least six mature oligodendrocyte subpopulations in the human central nervous system that are highly transcriptomically diverse and vary with central nervous system *** and disease related mature oligodendrocyte variation denotes the impact of pathological conditions such as multiple sclerosis,Alzheimer's disease,and psychiatric ***,caution is warranted when subclassifying mature oligodendrocytes because of the simplification needed to make conclusions about cell identity from temporally confined *** studies leveraging advanced techniques like spatial transcriptomics and single-cell proteomics promise a more nuanced understanding of mature oligodendrocyte *** research avenues that precisely evaluate mature oligodendrocyte heterogeneity with care to understand the mitigating influence of species,sex,central nervous system region,age,and disease,

关键词： aging central nervous system diseases electron microscopy heterogeneity immunohistochemistry myelin sheath natural history neuroglia oligodendroglia single-cell gene expression analysis

Stable copper boron–imidazolate cage as Cu-riched enzyme for highly efficient electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to ethylene

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Science China Chemistry 2025年

作者： Jun-Qiang Chen qiao-Hong Li Qin-Long Hong Ping Shao Hai-Xia Zhang Jian Zhang State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences

Single-atom catalyst has garnered widespread attention to mimic mature enzymes due to its well-defined atomic structure and coordination environments. However, since the carbon–carbon（C–C） coupling reactions require synergistic catalysis of multiple sites, single-atom catalysts suffer from insufficient active sites and unclear reaction mechanisms. Controlling the reaction intermediates in a precisely targeted pocket through careful metal–organic cage design is therefore crucial. Here, we prepare a tetrahedral [Cu6L4]-type boron–imidazolate cage integrating highly active Cu sites and optimized cavity, which exhibits enzyme like specific catalytic performance in electrochemical CO2reduction reaction（CO2RR） to enhance the selectivity of *** analyses and computational calculations suggest that the single Cu site together with neighboring boron–imidazolate ligands provides suitably synergistic effects that enable the energetically favorable formation of an *COCHO intermediate, a key step determining selectivity. As a result, the [Cu6L4]-type cage of BIC-145 achieves a Faradaic efficiency of 28% for C2H4maintaining an average current density of -3.54 mA cm-2over a 5-hour electrolysis period. This work represents the first example for studying single-metal site catalysts with ultra-low coordination numbers through the rational design of metal–organic cages.

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特色农业物联网技术应用与推广研究

农业网络信息 2013年第1期 87-93页

作者：费玉杰冯莉郭华周阳马昆鹏乔恒博张建峰李飞河南省三门峡市农业信息中心河南三门峡472000 河南省三门峡灵宝市农业信息中心河南三门峡472000 三门峡天宇信息技术服务有限责任公司河南三门峡472000 灵宝市信达果业有限责任公司河南三门峡472000

以河南省三门峡市农业物联网技术应用为例。三门峡市针对传统农业面临的问题,将物联网技术应用到三门峡市特色农业中,研究总结出一套适合本地不同农业产业应用的物联网技术,实现了节约水资源,减少劳动强度和用工费用,达到提高三门峡农... 详细信息

以河南省三门峡市农业物联网技术应用为例。三门峡市针对传统农业面临的问题,将物联网技术应用到三门峡市特色农业中,研究总结出一套适合本地不同农业产业应用的物联网技术,实现了节约水资源,减少劳动强度和用工费用,达到提高三门峡农产品的质量和产量,提高病虫害诊断效率的目标,提高了三门峡市农业科技含量的目的,增加了农民收入,促进了现代农业的发展。

关键词：农业物联网技术应用与推广

Imidazolium-based ionic polymers for fast and efficient anion-exchange driven capture of Cr2O72-

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Science China Chemistry 2025年

作者： Yishou Wang Xiaonan Yuan Xingxing Gou Xiatian Song Xiaogang Wang Ling Guo Yanfeng Liu Chengfang qiao Chunsheng Zhou Yingfeng Han Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Utilization of Tailings Resources Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Mineral Resources Clean & Efficient Conversion and New Materials College of Chemical Engineering and Modern Materials Shangluo University Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education Xi'an Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry and Materials Science Northwest University

The pervasive issue of chromium（VI） contamination,particularly in dichromate (Cr2O2-7),resulting from unchecked industrial growth and inadequate waste management,remains a pressing concern that demands immediate and dedicated ***,we present two novel imidazolium-based ionic polymers （ImIPs）.The ImIPs boast a highly cationic structure rich in bromide（Br-） ions and exhibit remarkable porosity,facilitating the easy exchange of these ions for chromate (Cr2O2-7) through anion *** unique combination leads to exceptional performance,including a high adsorption capacity （423 mg/g）,rapid adsorption rate (75 mg g-1min-1),and a broad operational pH range （2–12）.Moreover,our material demonstrates remarkable reusability,maintaining its efficacy even after 10 cycles without significant loss of *** mechanistic studies underscore the role of ion-exchange chemistry in effectively removing dichromate by the presented ImIPs,providing strong evidence for their suitability as a robust solution to address the ongoing challenges in water *** findings represent a crucial step in developing advanced materials for tackling chromium（VI） pollution.

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联邦权与州权的平衡:约翰·马歇尔对州治安权的阐释及其运用

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史学集刊 2025年第1期 121-132页

作者：郭巧华福建师范大学社会历史学院福建福州350007

约翰·马歇尔是美国第四任首席大法官。在早期美国州权主义强势、政党纷争不已的背景下,他带领最高法院的同仁,通过对宪法文本的阐释,极大地加强了联邦权,削弱了州权,引发了州权主义者的猛烈批评。不过,马歇尔并非积极的国家主义者,他... 详细信息

约翰·马歇尔是美国第四任首席大法官。在早期美国州权主义强势、政党纷争不已的背景下,他带领最高法院的同仁,通过对宪法文本的阐释,极大地加强了联邦权,削弱了州权,引发了州权主义者的猛烈批评。不过,马歇尔并非积极的国家主义者,他在相关案件中对州治安权的阐释及其案例判决表明,马歇尔及这一时期最高法院的大法官们都清楚地意识到,各州在其治安权的管辖范围内,依然行使着州内治理等大量政府功能,应该予以肯定和支持。实际上,联邦保有宪法列举的必要且至上的权力,而各州保留剩余的权力,联邦权与州权平衡互动,这不仅是制宪精英们的意图,也是现实的需求。

关键词：美国最高法院约翰·马歇尔州治安权联邦权

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党内法规视域下纪律建设的历史轨迹

学习论坛 2025年第1期 44-55页

作者：乔贵平王泽人天津师范大学政治与行政学院天津300387

严明的纪律是中国共产党在长期奋斗实践中铸造的组织品格。从党的建设历程来看,纪律建设从建党伊始就是明确的组织意识,也是党加强自身治理的重要内容。在百余年发展过程中,中国共产党从完善纪律法规、加强纪律教育、优化纪检机构、严... 详细信息

严明的纪律是中国共产党在长期奋斗实践中铸造的组织品格。从党的建设历程来看,纪律建设从建党伊始就是明确的组织意识,也是党加强自身治理的重要内容。在百余年发展过程中,中国共产党从完善纪律法规、加强纪律教育、优化纪检机构、严格纪律执行等方面不断延展与深化纪律建设,在遵循党章、依规治党、纪律治党中推进党的纪律建设。在新民主主义革命时期,中国共产党将纪律严明作为组织严密的坚强保障,奠定了革命胜利的基础;在社会主义革命和建设时期,为适应执政党的角色和国家治理的需要,党的纪律建设内容内核愈发清晰,“纪律与党的中心任务”“纪律与团结统一”的关系进一步凸显,彰显了纪律在维护党的团结统一和推进中心任务中的重要作用;在改革开放和社会主义现代化建设新时期,从严治党、严肃党纪成为党内治理的基本要求,党在反腐倡廉制度体系中突出纪律,纪律建设逐步制度化;中国特色社会主义进入新时代,党的纪律不仅成为维护党内秩序、规范党员行为的治本之策,也在全社会形成强大的纪律震慑力,推动党内法规与国家法律的有机衔接,确保党的纪律规矩严明,推动全面从严治党向纵深发展。

关键词：纪律建设党内法规从严治党纪律治党

Online Fault-Tolerant Tracking Control With Adaptive Critic for Nonaffine Nonlinear Systems

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2025年第1期 215-227页

作者： Ding Wang Lingzhi Hu Xiaoli Li Junfei qiao IEEE the School of Information Science and Technology Beijing Key Laboratory of Computational Intelligence and Intelligent SystemBeijing Laboratory of Smart Environmental Protection and Beijing Institute of Artificial Intelligence Beijing University of Technology

In this paper, a fault-tolerant-based online critic learning algorithm is developed to solve the optimal tracking control issue for nonaffine nonlinear systems with actuator ***, a novel augmented plant is constructed by fusing the system state and the reference trajectory, which aims to transform the optimal fault-tolerant tracking control design with actuator faults into the optimal regulation problem of the conventional nonlinear error system. Subsequently, in order to ensure the normal execution of the online learning algorithm, a stability criterion condition is created to obtain an initial admissible tracking policy. Then, the constructed model neural network(NN) is pretrained to recognize the system dynamics and calculate trajectory control. The critic and action NNs are constructed to output the approximate cost function and approximate tracking control,respectively. The Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation of the error system is solved online through the action-critic framework. In theoretical analysis, it is proved that all concerned signals are uniformly ultimately bounded according to the Lyapunov *** tracking control law can approach the optimal tracking control within a finite approximation error. Finally, two experimental examples are conducted to indicate the effectiveness and superiority of the developed fault-tolerant tracking control scheme.

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基于非线性分析的无线通信识别系统优化研究

农机化研究 2025年第1期47卷 125-129页

作者：王永虎乔旭安重庆交通大学重庆402265 重庆城市职业学院重庆402160

为了进一步提升插秧机的通信效率及整机作业效率,以无线通信识别模块为研究对象,基于非线性分析控制理论展开优化研究。结合插秧机的作业环境特征和各组件协调作业特点,从通信信号的非线性处理和保证抗干扰能力角度入手,建立通信识别系... 详细信息

为了进一步提升插秧机的通信效率及整机作业效率,以无线通信识别模块为研究对象,基于非线性分析控制理论展开优化研究。结合插秧机的作业环境特征和各组件协调作业特点,从通信信号的非线性处理和保证抗干扰能力角度入手,建立通信识别系统的非线性控制器模型,并针对系统的输入输出和接口模块完成电路控制与程序优化布局。同时,进行插秧作业通信监测验证试验,结果表明:此非线性分析应用机理下,插秧机作业的智能性与精准性得到显著提高,通过非线性控制实现了细致有效的数据计算分析,通信传输效率相对提升了5.69%,插秧深度合格率可达96.78%,满足智能插秧设计要求。

关键词：智能插秧无线通信识别非线性分析电路控制通信传输效率

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