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FOCUS： PUNITIVE DAMAGES IN CHINA CHINESE PUNITIVE DAMAGES SEEN IN A COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE

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Frontiers of Law in China-Selected Publications from Chinese Universities 2014年第3期9卷 308-320页

作者： helmut Koziol University of Vienna Austria

Whereas common law countries think highly of punitive damages and Chinese law accepts them, continental European countries reject them. This pa_per enumerates and evaluates the various arguments that have periodically been put forward in favour and against punitive damages. It examines why such damages are awarded in some quarters of the globe and not in others and proffers alternative remedies which achieve some of the goals of punitive damages in a manner commensurate with the aims of tort law. To the extent that gaps remain, the author calls for development in other areas of law, particularly criminal and administrative penal law. Punitive damages do not belong in tort law. The author concedes, however, that unjust enrichment and tort law itself could also benefit from development to meet the demands of reasonable compensation and in this way, prevention.

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Alcoholic liver disease and hepatitis C:A frequently underestimated combination

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第28期15卷 3462-3471页

作者： Sebastian Mueller Gunda Millonig helmut K Seitz Department of Medicine and Center for Alcohol Research Live Disease and Nutrition Salem Medical Center University of Heidelberg Zeppelinstraβe 11-33 69121 Heidelberg Germany

Alcoholic liver disease(ALD) and hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection represent, either alone or in combination, more than two thirds of all patients with liver disease in the Western *** review discusses the epidemiology and combined impact of ALD and HCV on the progres sion of liver *** and HCV affect the progres sion of liver disease to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) in a synergistic ***, the risk for HCC increases f ive times with a daily alcohol con sumption of 80 g;in the presence of HCV it is increased 20fold, and a combination of both risk factors leads to a more than 100fold risk for HCC *** consumption also decreases the response to interferon treatment which is probably due to a lack of compliance than a direct effect on HCV *** molecu lar mechanisms are discussed that could explain the synergistic interaction of alcohol and HCV on disease *** include modulation of the immune response and apoptosis, increased oxidative stress via induction of CYP2E1 and the hepatic accumulation of ***, both HCV and alcohol independently cause hepatic iron accumulation in > 50% of patients probably due to suppression of the liversecreted systemic iron hormone hepcidin.A better understanding of hepcidin regulation could help in developing novel therapeutic approaches to treat the chronic disease in the *** now, it can be generally concluded that HCVinfect ed patients should abstain from alcohol and alcoholicsshould be encouraged to participate in detoxification programs.

关键词：丙型肝炎酒精性肝病

New endoscopic approaches in IBD

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第1期17卷 63-68页

作者： helmut Neumann Markus F Neurath Jonas Mudter Department of Medicine I University of Erlangen-Nuremberg91054 ErlangenGermany

Recent advances in endoscopic imaging techniques have revolutionized the diagnostic approach of patients with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).New,emerging endoscopic imaging techniques visualized a plethora of new mucosal details even at the cellular and subcellular *** review offers an overview about new endoscopic techniques,including chromoendoscopy,magnification endoscopy,spectroscopy,confocal laser endomicroscopy and endocytoscopy in the face of IBD.

关键词：鸡传染性法氏囊病内窥镜成像技术细胞水平激光共聚焦诊断方法 IBD 可视化

Palliative cardia resection with gastroesophageal reconstruction for perforated carcinoma of the gastroesophageal junction

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第24期15卷 3065-3067页

作者： Sonja Gillen helmut Friess Jrg Kleeff Department of Surgery Technische Universitt München

Iatrogenic perforation of esophageal cancer or cancer of the gastroesophageal(GE)junction is a serious complication that,in addition to short term morbidity and mortality,significantly compromises the success of any subsequent oncological ***,we present an 82-year-old man with iatrogenic perforation of adenocarcinoma of the GE *** surgical intervention included palliative resection and GE *** the case of iatrogenic tumor perforation, the primary goal should be adequate palliative(and not oncological)*** different approaches for iatrogenic perforation,*** versus endoscopic therapy are discussed.

关键词：穿孔癌症肿瘤治疗通用电气手术治疗外科手术胃食管癌

Finite element analyses of slope stability problems using non-associated plasticity

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2018年第6期10卷 1091-1101页

作者： Simon Oberhollenzer Franz Tschuchnigg helmut F.Schweiger Institute of Soil Mechanics Foundation Engineering and Computational Geotechnics Graz University of Technology

In recent years, finite element analyses have increasingly been utilized for slope stability problems. In comparison to limit equilibrium methods, numerical analyses do not require any definition of the failure mechanism a priori and enable the determination of the safety level more accurately. The paper compares the performances of strength reduction finite element analysis(SRFEA) with finite element limit analysis(FELA), whereby the focus is related to non-associated plasticity. Displacement-based finite element analyses using a strength reduction technique suffer from numerical instabilities when using non-associated plasticity, especially when dealing with high friction angles but moderate dilatancy angles. The FELA on the other hand provides rigorous upper and lower bounds of the factor of safety(FoS) but is restricted to associated flow rules. Suggestions to overcome this problem, proposed by Davis(1968), lead to conservative FoSs; therefore, an enhanced procedure has been investigated. When using the modified approach, both the SRFEA and the FELA provide very similar results. Further studies highlight the advantages of using an adaptive mesh refinement to determine FoSs. Additionally, it is shown that the initial stress field does not affect the FoS when using a Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion.

关键词： Finite element limit analysis(FELA) Finite element method Slope stability Strength reduction technique Non-associated plasticity Adaptive mesh refinement Initial stresses

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Overlap of concurrent extrahepatic autoimmune diseases is associated with milder disease severity of newly diagnosed autoimmune hepatitis

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2021年第1期20卷 21-27页

作者： Tobias Mühling helmut Rohrbach Wolfgang Schepp Felix Gundling Department of Gastroenterology Internal Medicine ⅡUniversity of WürzburgWürzburgGermany Department of Pathology Academic Teaching Hospital BogenhausenTechnical University of MunichMunich 81925Germany Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Gastrointestinal OncologyAcademic Teaching Hospital BogenhausenTechnical University of MunichMunich 81925Germany Department of Internal Medicine Division of GastroenterologyGastrointestinal Oncology and DiabetologyKemperhof KoblenzKoblenzGermany

Background:Concurrent extrahepatic autoimmune disorders(CEHAID)are frequently observed in autoimmune hepatitis(AIH).It is not clear whether there is any prognostic significance of CEHAID on *** aim of this study was to examine the prognostic impact of CEHAID and the correlation with the disease severity of ***:This study included 65 hospitalized subjects who fulfilled the accepted criteria for AIH during an 8-year period(2009–2016).All records were manually screened for presence of associated autoimmune *** severity of AIH was assessed by liver laboratory tests including the ratio of aspartate aminotransferase to alanine aminotransferase(AST/ALT)and liver ***:Among the enrolled patients,52(80%)were female(median age 61 years,IQR 45–75).Fifty-six(86.2%)were classified as type-1 *** 26(40%)patients at least one additional extrahepatic autoimmune disease was ***-four subjects were referred to our hospital because of acute presentation of AIH(supposed by an acute elevation of hepatic enzymes)for subsequent liver biopsy resulting in initial diagnosis of *** group was stratified into 3 subgroups:(A)AIH alone(n=14);(B)overlap with primary biliary cirrhosis(PBC)/primary sclerosing cholangitis(PSC)(n=11);and(C)with CEHAID(n=9).AST/ALT ratio was the lowest in subgroup C(median 0.64,IQR 0.51–0.94;P=0.023),compared to subgroup A(median 0.91,IQR 0.66–1.10)and subgroup B(median 1.10,IQR 0.89–1.36).Patients with AIH alone showed a trend to the highest grade of fibrosis(mean 2.3;95%CI:1.5–3.0)with no statistical significance compared to subjects with CEHAID(lowest grade of fibrosis;mean 1.5;95%CI:0.2–2.8;P=0.380)whereas the ongoing inflammation was ***:AST/ALT ratio and extent of fibrosis were lower in subjects with AIH and CEHAID,compared to subjects with only ***,the occurrence of CEHAID might be a predictor for lower disease severity of newly diagnosed acute onset AIH,possibly caused by an e

关键词： Autoimmune hepatitis Concurrent extrahepatic autoimmune disease Serum aminotransferase activities

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An integrated suspended sediment transport monitoring and analysis concept

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2014年第2期29卷 135-148页

作者： Marlene HAIMANN Marcel LIEDERMANN Petra LALK helmut HABERSACK Christian Doppler Laboratory for Advanced Methods in River Monitoring Modelling and EngineeringInstitute of Water ManagementHydrology and Hydraulic Engineering Department of WaterAtmosphere and EnvironmentBOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life SciencesVienna

A new integrated suspended sediment monitoring strategy applying direct and indirect technologies is *** sensors continuously record the turbidity at one point in the channel cross section close to the river bank and are calibrated by water samples taken close to the *** measurements are performed to establish the distribution of suspended sediment in a cross section(bottle samples combined with acoustic devices).Using correction factors(probe and cross-sectional factor) these monitoring methods are combined and it is,thus,possible to fully document the temporal and spatial variability of the suspended sediment transport and to estimate the suspended sediment load for certain time *** monitoring strategy was implemented at various measurement sites in Austria as well as at the Hainburg Road Bridge site on the Danube *** has already been successfully applied for three years at this measurement site and suspended sediment loads during high discharges up to a 15 year flood event have been *** evaluate the new monitoring methods the results were compared with load estimation methods found in the literature including averaging and ratio estimators as well as rating *** results prove that with the new methodology,the temporal variability of the suspended sediment transport can be detected more accurately compared with the other *** also demonstrate that the additional consideration of the spatial distribution of the suspended sediment concentration in the cross section is crucial as the mean concentration in the cross section can significantly exceed the concentration near the banks,especially at large rivers like the Danube River.

关键词： Suspended sediment Integrated suspended sediment monitoring programme Turbidity sensor Acoustic devices Load estimates

Function Modeling of the Infrared Organ of ＂Little Ash Beetle＂ Acanthocnemus Nigricans （Coleoptera, Acanthocnemidae）

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2016年第4期13卷 650-658页

作者： Zupeng Zhou Yubing Gong Daoguo Yang Anke Schmitz helmut Schmitz School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Guilin University of Electronic Technology Guilin 541004 China Institute of Zoology University of Bonn Poppelsdorfer Schloss D-53115 Bonn Germany

Acanthocnemus nigricans is an inconspicuous pyrophilous beetle that approaches forest fires. The beetle is equipped with a pair of unique infrared （IR） receptors on its prothorax that allows it to detect hot surfaces in flight. The IR receptor consists of a little disc bearing about 90 tiny sensilla on its anterior half. The disc sensilla are unique in insects and their functions are largely unknown. Using a 3D reconstruction of the head and thorax we performed case studies to reveal different position-dependent expositions of the IR receptors to incoming radiation~ Results show that the spatiotemporal pattern in which different sectors of the disc are exposed provides the beetle with unambiguous information about its current direction to an IR source. As a striking structural element, the disc sensilla contain an electron-dense rod connecting an outer peg to the inner sensory cell. Finite element simulations suggest that the rod serves as a heat conductor directing heat to the thermosensitive cell inside the disc. Thus the disc sensilla can be interpreted as discrete temperature reading points. The resulting pattern of stimulated/deactivated sensilla, therefore, could provide the flying beetle with spatiotemporal information about its current position relative to an IR source. Possible biomimetic perspectives of the findings are discussed.

关键词： infrared receptor pyrophilous insects fire detection insect sensillum

Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on hospital admissions for epistaxis in Germany

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World Journal of Methodology 2023年第5期13卷 446-455页

作者： Adrian Hoenle Martin Wagner Stephan Lorenz helmut Steinhart Department of Ear Nose and ThroatHead and Neck SurgeryMarienhospital StuttgartStuttgart 70199Germany Department of Emergency Medicine Katharinenhospital StuttgartStuttgart 70174Germany

BACKGROUND Reports of a decrease in hospital admissions during the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)lockdown period have raised concerns about delayed or missed diagnoses and treatments for non-COVID-19-related *** To investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic-induced lockdown and its end on hospital admissions of patients with epistaxis in *** A retrospective analysis based on the national database of the Hospital Remuneration System was used to compare hospital admissions during defined time periods between 2019 and 2022 with the lockdown period as the reference *** was done on a weekly basis before,during,and after the *** Interrupted Time Series was used as the analysis *** In our analysis,we included 26183 *** implementation of the lockdown led to a substantial reduction in the overall occurrence of epistaxis among patients(P<0.05).This effect was most pronounced in the age group of 0-39 years,where the decrease was highly significant(P<0.001).However,there was no change observed in patients aged 80 years and older(not significant).With the end of the lockdown period,the overall number of patients,especially in the youngest age group,increased abruptly and significantly(P<0.01).CONCLUSION During the lockdown period,there was a decrease in hospital admissions for younger patients with epistaxis,possibly due to the fear of COVID-19 *** also conclude that the severity of epistaxis was not underestimated in the elderly during the pandemic.

关键词： COVID-19 Epistaxis Lockdown Pandemic Emergency medicine Otolaryngology