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Dysregulation of RNA modification systems in clinical populations with neurocognitive disorders

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第6期19卷 1256-1261页

作者： helen m.knight merve DemirbugenÖz Adriana PerezGrovas-Saltijeral Division of Cells Organisms and Molecular GeneticsSchool of Life SciencesUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology Faculty of PharmacyAnkara UniversityAnkaraTurkey

The study of modified RNA known as epitranscriptomics has become increasingly relevant in our understanding of disease-modifying *** of N6 adenosine(m^(6)A)and C5 cytosine(m^(5)C)bases occur on mRNAs,tRNA,mt-tRNA,and rRNA species as well as non-coding *** emerging knowledge of RNA binding proteins that act as writer,reader,and eraser effector proteins,comes a new understanding of physiological processes controlled by these *** processes when spatiotemporally disrupted within cellular nanodomains in highly specialized tissues such as the brain,give rise to different forms of *** this review,we discuss accumulating evidence that changes in the m^(6)A and m^(5)C methylation systems contribute to neurocognitive *** studies first identified mutations within FmR1 to cause intellectual disability Fragile X syndromes several years before FmR1 was identified as an m^(6)A RNA reader ***,familial mutations within the m^(6)A writer gene mETTL5,m^(5)C writer genes NSUN2,NSUN3,NSUN5,and NSUN6,as well as THOC2 and THOC6 that form a protein complex with the m^(5)C reader protein ALYREF,were recognized to cause intellectual development ***,differences in expression of the m^(5)C writer and reader effector proteins,NSUN6,NSUN7,and ALYREF in brain tissue are indicated in individuals with Alzheimer's disease,individuals with a high neuropathological load or have suffered traumatic brain ***,an abundance of m^(6)A reader and anti-reader proteins are reported to change across brain regions in Lewy bodies diseases,Alzheimer's disease,and individuals with high cognitive reserve.m^(6)A-modified RNAs are also reported significantly more abundant in dementia with Lewy bodies brain tissue but significantly reduced in Parkinson's disease tissue,whilst modified RNAs are misplaced within diseased cells,particularly where synapses are *** parahippocampal brain tissue,m^(6)A modification is enri

关键词： 5-methylcytosine methylation Alzheimer's disease cognitive diseases epitranscriptomics intellectual disability Lewy body diseases N6 adenosine RNA modification

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Bridging the gap——Immune cells that can repair nerves

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Cellular & molecular Immunology 2021年第4期18卷 784-786页

作者： helen m.mcGettrick Institute of Inflammation and Aging University of BirminghamBirminghamUK

Immunity is critical for survival in a world plagued by *** that of most military operations,the strategy of the immune system is based on acceptable losses:determining the maximal amount of damage to uninfected tissues that is necessary to defeat or entrap any invading *** characteristic has devastating consequences for patients with immune-mediated diseases,including many neurological conditions.

关键词： Immune diseases damage

P systems with array objects and array rewriting rules

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Progress in Natural Science:materials International 2007年第4期17卷 479-485页

作者： k.G. Subramanian R. Saravanan m. Geethalakshmi P. helen Chandra m. margenstern Department of Computer Science Sri Muthukumaran Institute of TechnologyChennai 600 069India Department of mathematics Bharath Institute of Higher Education and ResearchChennai 600 073India Department of mathematics Dr. MGR Janaki CollegeAdayarChennaiIndia Department of mathematics Jayaraj Annapackiam College for Women Periyakulam 625 601India LITA Universite Paul Verlaine-MetzIle du Saulcy57045 Metz CedexFrance

Array P systems were introduced by Paun Gh. which is linking the two areas of membrane computing and picture grammars. Puzzle grammars were introduced by us for generating connected picture arrays in the two-dimensional plane, motivated by the problem of tiling the plane. On the other hand, incorporating into arrays the developmental type of generation used in the well-known biologically motivated L systems, Siromoney and Siromoney proposed a very general rectangular array generating model, called extended controlled tabled L array system (ECTLAS). In this paper we introduce two variations of the array P system, called BPG array P system and parallel array P system. The former has in the regions array objects and basic puzzle grammar rules (BPG), which are a specific kind of puzzle grammar rules. In the latter, the regions have rectangular array objects and tables of context-free rules. We examine these two types of P systems for their array generative power.

关键词： membrane computing P systems array grammars.

Successful management of a mixed epithelial and stromal renal tumor masquerading as lower pole renal cyst:A laparoscopic deroofing approach

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UroPrecision 2024年第1期2卷 36-39页

作者： Alain m.mukendi Emelia k.C.de Heer-menlah Phaladi Charles E.mathye Department of Surgery Division of UrologyHelen Joseph HospitalUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa

Background:Renal cysts are common in clinical practice,but some may harbor rare pathological entities such as mixed epithelial and stromal tumors(mEST).Imaging studies are crucial for accurate *** laparoscopic deroofing is an established approach for symptomatic renal cysts,encountering mEST within a cyst is *** Presentation:We present the case of a 37-year-old female who presented with persistent left flank *** revealed a large renal cyst in the lower pole of the left kidney,classified as Bosniak *** analgesia,the patient's symptoms persisted,leading to a laparoscopic deroofing *** examination postprocedure revealed a *** patient reported complete resolution of symptoms at the 3-month ***:This unique case presents the successful identification and surgical management of a mEST masquerading as a lower pole renal cyst through laparoscopic *** also contributes to the existing literature by highlighting the importance of considering rare pathological entities in the evaluation of renal cysts and the value of laparoscopic techniques in their management.

关键词： laparoscopic deroofing mixed epithelial and stromal tumor renal cyst renal tumor

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The Potential of Subsurface Infiltration for the Treatment of Biofil Toilet Technology Effluent

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management Studies 2015年第6期3卷 281-299页

作者： Peter Owusu-Antwi Richard Buamah helen essandoh Esi Awuah kweku Akuam Anno kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology Kumasi GhanaAdane Sewhunegn MollaHawassa University Hawassa Ethiopia University of Energy & Natural Resources Sunyani Ghana Biological Filters & Composters Limited (BIOFILCOm) Accra Ghana

Generally discharges from on-site sanitation （OSS） system could be a source of pollution to the environment if not well managed. This work illustrates the potential of subsurface infiltration to treat secondary effluent from a novel on-site vermi-biofiltration system called the Biofil Toilet Technology （BTT）. In practice, the BTT effluent is discharged via sub-surface infiltration. The focus of the research was to determine possible contaminant removal within the first 1.5 m depth of soil column. To achieve this objective, laboratory scale soil columns were designed and constructed for the treatment of secondary domestic wastewater from the BTT. Four different soil columns, each with 1.5 m depth of soil （sandy soil--SS, loamy soil--LS, clayey soil----CS, and red laterite soil--RLS） and fifth column with 0.45 m multi-layer sand filter were constructed and characterized. The columns were fed with the BTT effluent and sampled at ports spaced at 0.3 m, 0.8 m, and 1.5 m depths. Using the samples, parameters like COD, BODs, TSS, T-N, NO3-N, NO2-N, PO4-P, and pathogenic indicator microbes were monitored. RLS and SS columns efficiently removed COD, BODs, and TSS from the BTT effluent below the Ghana Environmental Protection Agency （GH EPA） guideline values. Up to 99% COD removal were observed in RLS column. A two to five log pathogen removal was recorded for the soil columns. The RLS and SS were found to have a high efficacy for contaminant removal with up to 80% of all contaminants being removed at a depth of 0.3 m along the soil columns. Thus the subsurface infiltration system can serve as a promising technology for the BTT effluent treatment. The study recommends the incorporation of infiltration systems to the BTT especially for areas with high water table or clayey soils.

关键词： Biofil on-site blackwater infiltration vermicomposting toilet soil eudrilus euginae

Lower esophageal sphincter relaxation is impaired in older patients with dysphagia

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第10期17卷 1326-1331页

作者： Laura k Besanko Carly m Burgstad Reme mountifi eld Jane m Andrews Richard Heddle helen Checklin Robert JL Fraser Investigation and Procedures Unit Repatriation General Hospital Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Royal Adelaide Hospital Discipline of medicine University of Adelaide Adelaide 5000 South Australia Australia Department of medicine Flinders University of South Australia Bedford Park 5042 South Australia Australia

AIm: To characterize the effects of age on the mechanisms underlying the common condition of esophageal dysphagia in older patients, using detailed manometric analysis. mETHODS: A retrospective case-control audit was performed on 19 patients aged ≥ 80 years (mean age 85 ± 0.7 year) who underwent a manometric study for dysphagia (2004-2009). Data were compared with 19 younger dysphagic patients (32 ± 1.7 years). Detailed manometric analysis performed prospectively included basal lower esophageal sphincter pressure (BLESP), pre-swallow and nadir LESP, esophageal body pressures and peristaltic duration, during water swallows (5 mL) in right lateral (RL) and upright (UR) postures and with solids. Data are mean ± SE; a P-value mmHg; P mmHg vs 0.7 ± 0.6 mmHg, P mmHg vs 1.6 ± 0.5 mmHg, P = 0.01) with shorter relaxation after solids (7.9 ± 1.5 s vs 9.7 ± 0.4 s, P = 0.05). No age-related differences were seen in esophageal body pressures or peristalsis duration. CONCLUSION: Basal LES pressure is elevated and swallow-induced relaxation impaired in elderly dysphagic patients. Its contribution to dysphagia and the effects of healthy ageing require further investigation.

关键词： Dysphagia Elderly Esophageal motility Lower Esophageal Sphincter Aging

Biodegradable stent or balloon dilatation for benign oesophageal stricture: Pilot randomised controlled trial

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第48期20卷 18199-18206页

作者： Anjan Dhar helen Close Yirupaiahgari k Viswanath Colin J Rees helen C Hancock A Deepak Dwarakanath Rebecca H maier Douglas Wilson James m mason Department of Gastroenterology County Durhamand Darlington NHS Foundation Trust Co. Durham DL14 6ADUnited Kingdom Durham Clinical Trials Unit School of Medicine Pharmacy and Health Durham University Queen’s Campus Wolfson Research Institute University Boulevard Stockton-on-Tees TS17 6BH United Kingdom Department of Surgery James Cook University Hospital Marton Road Middlesbrough TS4 3BW United Kingdom Department of Gastroenterology South Tyneside Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Harton Lane South Shields NE34 0PL United Kingdom Department of Gastroenterology University Hospitals of North Tees Hardwick Stockton on Tees TS19 8PE United Kingdom

AIm: To undertake a randomised pilot study comparing biodegradable stents and endoscopic dilatation in patients with strictures.

关键词： Benign oesophageal stricture Biodegradable stent Endoscopic balloon dilatation Pilot study Randomised controlled trial Dysphagia

Sampling duration and freezing temperature influence the analysed gastric inositol phosphate composition of pigs fed diets with different levels of phytase

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Animal Nutrition 2019年第2期5卷 196-201页

作者： Steven Laird Imke kühn michael R.Bedford Hayley Whitfield helen m.miller Faculty of Biological Sciences University of Leeds AB Vista School of Biological Sciences University of East Anglia

This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of time and freezing temperature during sampling on gastric phytate(myo-inositol [mYO] hexakisphosphate [InsP6]), lower inositol phosphates(InsP2-5) and mYO concentrations in pigs fed diets containing different levels of phytase. Forty pigs were fed 1 of 4 wheat-barley diets on an ad libitum basis for 28 d. The diets comprised a nutritionally adequate positive control(PC), a similar diet but with Ca and P reduced by 1.6 and 1.24 g/kg, respectively(NC), and the NC supplemented with 500(NC + 500) or 2,000(NC + 2000) FTU phytase/kg. At the end of the experiment, chyme were collected from the stomach, thoroughly mixed and 2 subsamples(30 mL) were frozen immediately: one snap-frozen at-79 ℃ and the other at-20 0 C. The remaining chyme were left to sit at room temperature(20 ℃) and further subsamples were collected and frozen as above at 5,10 and15 min from the point of mixing. There were linear reductions in gastric InsP6 concentration over time during sampling(P mperature. moreover, InsP6 concentration was influenced by a diet × freezing temperature interaction(P measured in chyme frozen at-20 ℃ than at-79 ℃;however,this difference was greater in the control diets than the phytase supplemented diets. Freezing chyme at-79 ℃ recovered more ∑InsP2-5 + mYO than freezing at-20 ℃ in pigs fed phytase supplemented diets;however, this difference was not apparent in the diets without phytase(diet × freezing temperature, P me of pigs during sampling and processing, irrespective of supplementary phytase activity. Therefore, to minimise post-slaughter phytate degradation and changes in the gastric inositol phosphate profile, chyme should be snap-frozen immediately after collection.

关键词： Pig Inositol phosphate Phytase Sampling time Freezing temperature

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Towards a multiscale model of colorectal cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第9期13卷 1399-1407页

作者： Ingeborg mm van Leeuwen Carina m Edwards mohammad Ilyas helen m Byrne Centre for mathematical medicine and Biology School of Mathematical Sciences University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD United Kingdom Centre for mathematical Biology Oxford Centre for Industrial and Applied Mathematics Mathematical Institute University of Oxford Oxford OX1 3LB United Kingdom Division of Pathology School of Molecular Medical SciencesQueen’s Medical Centre University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2UHUnited Kingdom

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the best characterised cancers, with extensive data documenting the sequential gene mutations that underlie its development. Complementary datasets are also being generated describing changes in protein and RNA expression, tumour biology and clinical outcome. Both the quantity and the variety of information are inexorably increasing and there is now an accompanying need to integrate these highly disparate datasets. In this article we aim to explain why we believe that mathematical modelling represents a natural tool or language with which to integrate these data and, in so doing, to provide insight into CRC.

关键词： Intestinal epithelium Crypt fission APC mutations mathematical modelling Stem cell niche Wnt signalling