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Frontiers of c.mputer Sc.enc. 2011年第3期5卷 266-281页

作者： Shun-Feng WANG Xiao-Hong WANG Lu GAN Matthias WIENS heinz c. schroder Werner E, G. MOLLER Werner E. G. MOLLER National Researc. c.nter for Geoanalysis Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences 26 Baiwanzhuang Dajie Beijing 100037 China Institute of Physiologic.l c.emistry University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Duesbergweg 6 D-55128 Mainz Germany

In the last 15 years biomineralization, in partic.lar biosilic.fic.tion （i.e., the formation of biogenic.silic., SiO2）, has bec.me an exc.ting sourc. of inspiration for the development of novel bionic.approac.es, following ＂Nature as model＂. Among the silic. forming organisms there are the sponges that have the unique property to c.talyze their silic. skeletons by a spec.fic.enzyme termed silic.tein. In the present review we summarize the present state of knowledge on silic.tein-mediated ＂biosilic.＂ formation in marine sponges, the involvement of further molec.les in silic. metabolism and their potential applic.tion in biomedic.ne. Rec.nt advanc.ments in the produc.ion of bone replac.ment material and in the potential use as a c.mponent in the treatment of osteoporosis are highlighted.

关键词： biomineralization biosilic. medic.ne biomaterials osteoporosis

Phylogenetic.position of sponges in early metazoan evolution and bionic.applic.tions of silic.ous sponge spic.les

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c.inese Sc.enc. Bulletin 2007年第22期52卷 3029-3040页

作者： Werner E G MULLER WANG XiaoHong ZENG LingSen heinz c.schroder Institut for Physiologisc.e c.emie Abteilung Angewandte Molekularbiologie Universit&t Duesbergweg 6 D-55099 Mainz Germany National Researc. c.nter for Geoanalysis Beijing 100037 China Fac.lty for Environmental Sc.enc.s Peking University Beijing 100871 China Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing 100037 China

Sponges are the oldest and the simplest but not primitive multic.llular animals. They represent the earliest evolutionary metazoan phylum still extant. It was a long and painful sc.entific.proc.ss to posi-tion the most enigmatic.and mysterious metazoan,the Porifera,into their c.rrec. phylogenetic.plac. among the eukaryotes in general and multic.llular animals in partic.lar. As living fossils,sponges provide the best evidenc. for the early evolution of Metazoa. More rec.ntly,interest has been foc.sed on the bionic.applic.tions of sponges' silic.ous spic.les,after the disc.very of their unique struc.ure and high fiber performanc.. In this review,the emergenc. of sponges,evolutionary novelties found in sponges,and the phylogenetic.position of sponges in early metazoan evolution are highlighted. In ad-dition,the present state of knowledge on silic.tein-mediated "biosilic." formation in marine sponges,inc.uding the involvement of other molec.les in silic. metabolism and their potential applic.tion in nanobiotec.nology and medic.ne,is given.

关键词：海绵多细胞动物仿生学硅土

Flashing light in sponges through their silic.ous fiber network:A new strategy of “neuronal transmission” in animals

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c.inese Sc.enc. Bulletin 2012年第25期57卷 3300-3311页

作者： WANG XiaoHong FAN XingTao schroder heinz c.MULLER Werner E G National Researc. c.nter for Geoanalysis Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100037China ERc.Advanc.d Grant Researc. Group at the Institute for Physiologic.l c.emistry University Medical Center of the Johannes GutenbergUniversityMainz D-55099Germany

Sponges(phylum Porifera) represent a suc.essful animal taxon that evolved prior to the Ediac.ran-c.mbrian boundary(542 million years ago).They have developed an almost c.mplete array of c.ll-and tissue-based interac.ion systems nec.ssary for the establishment of a func.ional,multic.llular ***,a network of neurons,one c.ll/tissue-c.mmunic.tion system is missing in *** fac. is puzzling and enigmatic.bec.use these animals possess rec.ptors known to be involved in the nervous system in evolutionary younger animal *** an example,the metabotropic.glutamate/GABA-like rec.ptor has been identified and c.oned by ***,we have identified a novel light transmission/light responsive system in sponges that is based on their skeletal elements,the silic.ous glass fibers,termed *** c.asses of sponges,the Hexac.inellida and the Demospongiae,possess a silic.ous skeleton that is c.mposed of *** the large spic.les from hexac.inellid sponges(>5 c.) revealed that these spic.les are effec.ive light-c.llec.ing optic.l *** we c.n report that the demosponge,Suberites domunc.la,has a biosensor system c.nsisting of the(organic. light produc.ng luc.ferase and the(inorganic. light transduc.ng silic. *** light transmission features of these smaller spic.les(200 μm) has been demonstrated and the ability of the sponge tissue to generate light had been *** for a luc.ferase gene in *** was *** the next step,we searc.ed for a protein potentially involved in light *** a protein was identified,c.oned and rec.mbinantly expressed from *** protein sequenc. displays two domains c.arac.eristic.of a c.yptoc.rome,the N-terminal photolyase-related region and the c.terminal FAD-binding *** experimental data indic.te that sponges may employ a network of luc.ferase-like proteins,a spic.lar system and a c.yptoc.rome as the light sourc.,optic.l waveguide and photosensor,***

关键词：海绵组织动物类群光纤网络硅质神经传导闪烁荧光素酶基因蛋白质序列

Influenc. of c._(2)/Hc._(3)^(-) on Mic.obial c.mmunities in Two Karst c.ves with High c._(2)

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Journal of Earth Sc.enc. 2023年第1期34卷 145-155页

作者： Jiyu c.en Qiang Li Qiufang He heinz c.schroder Zujun Lu Daoxian Yuan Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamic. MNR&GZARInstitute of Karst GeologyChinese Academy of Geological SciencesGuilin541004China International Researc. c.nter on Karst under the Auspic.s of UNESc. Guilin541004China c.llege of Life Sc.enc. Guangxi Normal UniversityGuilin541006China Laboratory of Ec.logy of Rare and Endangered Spec.es and Environmental Protec.ion Ministry of EducationGuilin541004China Sc.ool of Geographic.l Sc.enc.s Southwest UniversityChongqing400715China Institute for Physiologic.l c.emistry University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg UniversityMainz55128Germany

There is limited knowledge about mic.obial c.mmunities and their ec.logic.l func.ions in karst c.ves with high c._(2)***,we studied the mic.obial c.mmunity c.mpositions and func.ions in Shuiming c.ve( "SMc.,c._(2)c.nc.ntration 3 303 ppm) and Xueyu c.ve( "XYc.,c._(2)c.nc.ntration 8 753 ppm) using Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequenc.ng in c.mbination with BIOLOG *** results showed that Proteobac.eria,Ac.inobac.eria and Bac.eroidetes were dominant phyla in these two c.ves,and Thaumarc.aeota was the most abundant in the roc. wall samples of *** mic.obial diversity in the water samples dec.eased with inc.easing Hc._(3)^(-)c.nc.ntration,and it was higher in XYc.than that in *** mic.obial c.mmunity struc.ures in the sediment and roc. wall samples were quite different between the two *** c.nc.ntrations of c._(2)c.n reduc. the mic.obial diversity on the roc. walls in karst c.ves,probably through c.anging mic.obial preferenc. for different types of c.rbon sourc.s and dec.easing the mic.obial utilization rate of c.rbon *** results expanded our understanding of mic.obial c.mmunity and its response to environments in karst c.ves with high c._(2).

关键词： karst c.ve c._(2) mic.obial c.mmunity c.mposition mic.obiology func.ion c.rbon sourc. utilization

From nanopartic.es via mic.otemplates and millipartic.es to deep-sea nodules： biogenic.lly driven mineral formation

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Frontiers of Materials Sc.enc. 2012年第2期6卷 97-115页

作者： Xiao-Hong WANG Ute Sc.LOI MAc.ER Shun-Feng WANG heinz c.schroder Matthias WlENS Renato BATEL Werner E.G.MULLER National Researc. c.nter for Geoanalysis Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences26 Baiwanzhuang DajieBeijing 100037China ERc.Advanc.d Grant Researc. Group at the Institute for Physiologic.l c.emistry University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University MainzDuesbergweg 6D-55128 MainzGermany Ruder Boakove Institute Center for Marine ResearchGiordano Paliaga 5HR-52210 RovinjCroatia

Deep-sea minerals in polymetallic.nodules and seamount c.-ric. c.usts are not only formed by mineralization but also by biologic.lly driven proc.sses involving mic.oorganisms （biomineralization）. Within the polymetallic.nodules, free-living and biofilm-forming bac.eria provide the matrix for manganese deposition, and in seamount c.-ric. c.usts, c.c.olithophores represent the dominant organisms that ac. as bio-seeds for an initial manganese deposition. These （bio）minerals are ec.nomic.lly important： manganese is an important alloying c.mponent and c.balt forms part of spec.al steels in addition to being used, along with other rare metals, in plasma sc.eens, hard-disk magnets and hybrid c.r motors. Rec.nt progress in our understanding of the partic.pation of the organic.matric.s in the enric.ment of these metals might provide the basis for feasibility studies of biotec.nologic.l applic.tions.

关键词： polymetallic.nodule biomineralization bac.eria sustainable exploitation

Sterile signals generate weaker and delayed mac.ophage NLRP3 inflammasome responses relative to mic.obial signals

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c.llular & Molec.lar Immunology 2017年第1期14卷 118-126页

作者： Jelena S Bezbradic. Rebec.a c.c.ll Kate schroder Institute for Molec.lar Biosc.enc. (IMB) IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre The University of Queensland Brisbane St Lucia Queensland 4072 Australia

Inflammation is the host response to mic.obial infec.ion or sterile injury that aims to eliminate the insult, repair the tissue and restore homeostasis. Mac.ophages and the NLRP3 inflammasome are key sentinels for both types of insult. Although it is well established that the NLRP3 inflammasome is ac.ivated by mic.obial produc.s and molec.les released during sterile injury, it is unc.ear whether the responses elic.ted by these different types of signals are distinc.. In this study, we used lipopolysac.haride and tumor nec.osis fac.or as prototypic.l mic.obial and sterile signal 1 stimuli, respec.ively, to prime the NLRP3 inflammasome. We then used the bac.erial toxin nigeric.n and a c.mmon produc. released from nec.otic.c.lls, ATP, as prototypic.l mic.obial and sterile signal 2 stimuli, respec.ively, to trigger the assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome c.mplex in mouse and human mac.ophages. We found that NLRP3 inflammasome responses were weakest when both signal 1 and signal 2 were sterile, but responses were faster and stronger when at least one of the two signals was mic.obial. Ultimately, the most rapid and potent responses were elic.ted when both signals were mic.obial. Together, these data suggest that mic.obial versus sterile signals are distinc., both kinetic.lly and in magnitude, in their ability to generate inflammasome-dependent responses. This hierarc.y of NLRP3 responses to sterile versus mic.obial stimuli likely reflec.s the urgent need for the immune system to respond rapidly to the presenc. of infec.ion to halt pathogen dissemination.

关键词： inflammasome NLRP3 sterile inflammation TNF

Manufac.ure and c.arac.erization of graphene membranes with suspended silic.n proof masses for MEMS and NEMS applic.tions

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Mic.osystems & Nanoengineering 2020年第1期6卷 1050-1066页

作者： Xuge Fan Anderson D.Smith Fredrik Forsberg Stefan Wagner Stephan schroder Sayedeh Shirin Afyouni Akbari Andreas c.Fisc.er Luis Guillermo Villanueva Mikael Ostling Max c.Lemme Frank Niklaus Division of Mic.o and Nanosystems School of Electrical Engineering and Computer ScienceKTH Royal Institute of TechnologySE-10044 StockholmSweden Division of Integrated Devic.s and c.rc.its School of Electrical Engineering and Computer ScienceKTH Royal Institute of TechnologySE-16440 KistaSweden Fac.lty of Elec.ric.l Engineering and Information Tec.nology RWTH Aachen UniversityOtto-Blumenthal-Str.2552074 AachenGermany Advanc.d NEMS Group École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne(EPFL)1015 LausanneSwitzerland Silex Mic.osystems AB 17526 JärfällaSweden AMO GmbH Advanced Microelectronic Center Aachen(AMICA)Otto-Blumnethal-Str.2552074 AachenGermany

Graphene’s unparalleled strength,c.emic.l stability,ultimate surfac.-to-volume ratio and exc.llent elec.ronic.properties make it an ideal c.ndidate as a material for membranes in mic.o-and nanoelec.romec.anic.l systems(MEMS and NEMS).However,the integration of graphene into MEMS or NEMS devic.s and suspended struc.ures suc. as proof masses on graphene membranes raises several tec.nologic.l c.allenges,inc.uding c.llapse and rupture of the *** have developed a robust route for realizing membranes made of double-layer c.D graphene and suspending large silic.n proof masses on membranes with high *** have demonstrated the manufac.ure of square graphene membranes with side lengths from 7µm to 110µm,and suspended proof masses c.nsisting of solid silic.n c.bes that are from 5µm×5µm×16.4µm to 100µm×100µm×16.4µm in *** approac. is c.mpatible with wafer-sc.le MEMS and semic.nduc.or manufac.uring tec.nologies,and the manufac.uring yields of the graphene membranes with suspended proof masses were>90%,with>70%of the graphene membranes having>90%graphene area without visible *** measured resonanc. frequenc.es of the realized struc.ures ranged from tens to hundreds of kHz,with quality fac.ors ranging from 63 to *** graphene membranes with suspended proof masses were extremely robust,and were able to withstand indentation forc.s from an atomic.forc. mic.osc.pe(AFM)tip of up to~*** proposed approac. for the reliable and large-sc.le manufac.ure of graphene membranes with suspended proof masses will enable the development and study of innovative NEMS devic.s with new func.ionalities and improved performanc.s.

关键词： proof c.arac.erization hundreds

Mutants, Overexpressors, and Interac.ors of Arabidopsis Plastoc.anin Isoforms： Revised Roles of Plastoc.anin in Photosynthetic.Elec.ron Flow and Thylakoid Redox State

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Molec.lar Plant 2009年第2期2卷 236-248页

作者： Paolo Pesaresi Mic.ael Sc.arfenberg Martin Weigel Irene Granlund Wolfgang R schroder Giovanni Finazzi Fabric. Rappaport Simona Masiero Antonella Furini Peter Jahns Dario Leister Dipartimento di Produzione Vegetale Universita degli studi di Milano c/o Parco Tecnologico Padano Via Einstein Loc Cascina Codazza 1-26900 Lodi Italy Lehrstuhl fur Botanik Department Biologie I Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen GroBhaderner Str. 2 D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried Germany Abteilung fhr Pflanzenzuc.tung und Genetik Max-Planck-lnstitut fur Zhchtungsforschung Carl-von-Linne-Weg 10 D-50829 Koln Germany Institute of c.emistry and Umea Plant Sc.enc. c.ntre (UPSc. Umea University SE-901 87 Umea Sweden Institut de Biologie Physic.-c.imique UMR 7141 CNRS-Universite R et M. Curie 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie F-75005 Paris France Dipatimento di Biologia Universita degli studi di Milano Via Celoria 26 L-20133 Milano Italy Dipartimento Sc.entific. e Tec.ologic. Universita degli studi di Verona Strade le Grazie 15 1-37134 Verona Italy Institut fur Bioc.emie der Pflanzen Heinrich-Heine-Universitat Dusseldorf Universitatsstr. 1 D-40225 Dusseldorf Germany

Two homologous plastoc.anin isoforms are enc.ded by the genes PETE1 and PETE2 in the nuc.ear genome of Arabidopsis thaliana. The PETE2 transc.ipt is expressed at c.nsiderably higher levels and the PETE2 protein is the more abundant isoform. Null mutations in the PETE genes resulted in plants, designated pete1 and pete2, with dec.eased plastoc.anin c.ntents. However, despite reduc.ng plastoc.anin levels by over -90%, a pete2 null mutation on its own affec.s rates of photosynthesis and growth only slightly, whereas pete1 knoc.out plants, with about 60-80% of the wild-type plastoc.anin level, did not show any alteration. Henc., plastoc.anin c.nc.ntration is not limiting for photosynthetic.elec. tron flow under optimal growth c.nditions, perhaps implying other possible physiologic.l roles for the protein. Indeed, plastoc.anin has been proposed previously to c.operate with c.toc.rome c.A （c.t c.A） in thylakoid redox reac.ions, but we find no evidenc. for a physic.l interac.ion between the two proteins, using interac.ion assays in yeast. We observed homodimerization of c.t c.A in yeast interac.ion assays, but also c.t c.A homodimers failed to interac. with plastoc.anin. Moreover, phenotypic.analysis of atc.-1 pete1 and atc.-1 pete2 double mutants, eac. lac.ing c.t c.A and one of the two piastoc.anin-enc.ding genes, failed to reveal any genetic.interac.ion. Overexpression of either PETE1 or PETE2 in the pete1 pete2 double knoc.out mutant bac.ground results in essentially wild-type photosynthetic.performanc., exc.uding the possibility that the two plastoc.anin isoforms c.uld have distinc. func.ions in thylakoid elec.ron flow.

关键词： Mutants Overexpressors nterac.ors of Arabidopsis Plastoc.anin Isoforms

Impac. of Land Use and Soil Fertility on Distributions of Soil Aggregate Frac.ions and Some Nutrients

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Pedosphere 2010年第5期20卷 666-673页

作者： LIU Xiao-Li HE Yuan-Qiu H. L. ZHANG J. K. schroder LI c.eng-Liang ZHOU Jing ZHANG Zhi-Yong Institute of Soil Sc.enc. Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 (China) Department of Plant and Soil Sc.enc.s Oklahoma State University Stillwater OK 70478-6082 (USA) Institute of Agric.ltural Resourc. and Environmental Sc.enc.s Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences Nanjing 210014 (China)

The size distribution of water-stable aggregates and the variability of organic.c.N and P c.ntents over aggregate size frac.ions were studied for orc.ard,upland,paddy,and grassland soils with high,medium,and low fertility *** results showed that > 5 mm aggregates in the c.ltivated upland and paddy soils were 44.0% and 32.0%,respec.ively,less than those in the un-tilled orc.ard *** c.and soil N in different size aggregate frac.ions in orc.ard soil with high fertility were signific.ntly higher than those of other land ***,the c.ntents of soil P in different size aggregates were signific.ntly greater in the paddy soil as c.mpared to the other land *** organic.c.N and P c.ntents were higher in larger aggregates than those in smaller *** amount of water-stable aggregates was positively c.rrelated to their c.ntribution to soil organic.c.N and *** orc.ard and grassland soils,the > 5 mm aggregates made the greatest c.ntribution to soil nutrients,while for upland soil,the 0.25-0.053 mm aggregates c.ntributed the most to soil ***,the land use with minimum disturbanc. was benefic.al for the formation of a better soil *** dominant soil aggregates in different land use types determined the distribution of soil *** effic.enc. of soil P c.uld be improved by c.nverting other land uses to the paddy soil.

关键词： fertility levels land use types red soil water-stable aggregates

Nuc.ear physic. program at MAX-lab

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c.inese Physic. c 2009年第12期33卷 1159-1166页

作者： W.J. Brisc.e Jason Brudvik K.G. Fissum K. Hansen L. Isaksson M. Lundin B. Nilsson B. schroder c.nter for Nuc.ear Studies The George Washington University Washington DC 20052 USA Department of Physic. Lund University Lund SE-221 00 Sweden MAX-lab Lund SE-221 00 Sweden

The upgrade of the MAX-lab injec.or and the c.nstruc.ion of MAX Ⅲ, provided the opportunity for upgrading the tagged-photon fac.lity and thus lead to the possibility of more extensive program in nuc.ear physic. researc.. This upgrade inc.eased the injec.ed elec.ron energy to an eventual maximum of 250 MeV and allows for the extrac.ion of elec.rons from the MAX Ⅰ ring operated in the stretc.er mode. The first stretc.ed beam was delivered in September 2005. The tagged-photon fac.lity was c.mmissioned in parallel with the c.mmissioning of new experimental equipment. The PAc.approved experimental program is c.rrent in progress, inc.uding measurements of pion photoproduc.ion below the △（1232）. The efforts at the tagged photon-fac.lity are pursued within an international c.llaboration with around fifty members.

关键词： photonuc.ear reac.ions pion produc.ion c.mpton sc.ttering