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Characterization of bright betatron radiation generated by direct laser acceleration of electrons in plasma of near critical density

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第2期9卷 26-35页

作者： J.Cikhardt M.Gyrdymov s.Zähter p.Tavana M.M.Günther N.Bukharskii N.Borisenko J.Jacoby X.F.shen A.pukhov N.E.Andreev O.N.Rosmej Faculty of Electrical Engineering Czech Technical University in Prague16627 Prague 6Czech Republic Goethe University FrankfurtMax-von-Laue-Straße 160438 Frankfurt am MainGermany GsI Helmholtzzentrum für schwerionenforschung GmbH Planckstraße 164291 DarmstadtGermany Focused Energy GmbH Im Tiefen See 4564293 DarmstadtGermany National Research Nuclear University MEphI Kashirskoe shosse 31115409 MoscowRussian Federation Lebedev physical Institute RAs Leninskiy Prospekt 53119991 MoscowRussian Federation heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf Universitätsstrasse 1DüsseldorfGermany Joint Institute for High Temperatures RASIzhorskaya st.13Bldg.2125412 MoscowRussian Federation Moscow Institute of physics and Technology Institutskiy Pereulok 9141700 DolgoprudnyRussia

Directed x-rays produced in the interaction of sub-picosecond laser pulses of moderate relativistic intensity with plasma of near-critical density are investigated. synchrotron-like (betatron) radiation occurs in the process of direct laser acceleration (DLA) of electrons in a relativisticlaser channel when the electrons undergo transverse betatron oscillations in self-generated quasi-static electric and magnetic fields. In anexperiment at the pHELIX laser system, high-current directed beams of DLA electrons with a mean energy ten times higher than the ponderomotive potential and maximum energy up to 100 MeV were measured at 10^(19) W/cm^(2)laser intensity. The spectrum of directed x-raysin the range of 5–60 keV was evaluated using two sets of Ross filters placed at 0°and 10°to the laser pulse propagation axis. The differential x-ray absorption method allowed for absolute measurements of the angular-dependent photon fluence. We report 10^(13) photons/sr withenergies >5 keV measured at 0°to the laser axis and a brilliance of 10^(21) photons s^(−1) mm^(−2) mrad−2(0.1%BW)−1. The angular distributionof the emission has an FWHM of 14°–16°. Thanks to the ultra-high photon fluence, point-like radiation source, and ultra-short emissiontime, DLA-based keV backlighters are promising for various applications in high-energy-density research with kilojoule petawatt-class laserfacilities.

关键词： laser acceleration critical

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production of comp.sites with high relative permittivity using the spouted bed technique

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particuology 2019年第1期17卷 184-189页

作者： E. Eichner p.-K. Fischer s. heinrich GA schneider Institute of solids process Engineering and particle Technology Denickestr1521073 HamburgGermany Institute of Advanced Ceramics Hamburg University of TechnologyDenickestr1521073 HamburgGermany

This contribution presents a new application of the spouted bed technique. The developed production process involves coating fine copper particles with a polymer in a spouted bed plant and then hot pressing the produced granules to form a compact consisting of a copper–polymer comp.site with a high filling degree. The fabricated comp.sites p.ssess high relative permittivity, which is advantageous for the production of effective capacitors. With increasing filling degree of copper, the relative permittivity of the comp.sites increased, with a maximum relative permittivity of 214 obtained for the comp.site containing 78.1 vol% copper. such a high filling degree can be achieved with conductive particles without obtaining a conductive comp.site by using the spouted bed technology in the production process. The high relative permittivity results from the high filling degree of particles isolated by a polymer coating.

关键词： spouted bed High relative permittivity Fine particles Coating Metal-polymer comp.site

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Amplitude analysis of the decays D^(0)→π^(+)π^(−)π^(+)π^(−)and D^(0)→π^(+)π^(−)π^(0)π^(0)

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Chinese physics C 2024年第8期48卷 6-33页

作者： M.Ablikim M.N.Achasov p.Adlarson O.Afedulidis X.C.Ai R.Aliberti A.Amoroso Q.An Y.Bai O.Bakina I.Balossino Y.Ban H.-R.Bao V.Batozskaya K.Begzsuren N.Berger M.Berlowski M.Bertani D.Bettoni F.Bianchi E.Bianco A.Bortone I.Boyko R.A.Briere A.Brueggemann H.Cai X.Cai A.Calcaterra G.F.Cao N.Cao s.A.Cetin J.F.Chang W.L.Chang G.R.Che G.Chelkov C.Chen C.H.Chen Chao Chen G.Chen H.s.Chen M.L.Chen s.J.Chen s.L.Chen s.M.Chen T.Chen X.R.Chen X.T.Chen Y.B.Chen Y.Q.Chen Z.J.Chen Z.Y.Chen s.K.Choi X.Chu G.Cibinetto F.Cossio J.J.Cui H.L.Dai J.p.Dai A.Dbeyssi R.E.de Boer D.Dedovich C.Q.Deng Z.Y.Deng A.Denig I.Denysenko M.Destefanis F.De Mori B.Fang s.s.Fang W.X.Fang Y.Fang Y.Q.Fang R.Farinelli L.Fava F.Feldbauer G.Felici C.Q.Feng J.H.Feng Y.T.Feng K.Fischer M.Fritsch C.D.Fu J.L.Fu Y.W.Fu H.Gao Y.N.Gao Yang Gao s.Garbolino I.Garzia p.T.Ge Z.W.Ge C.Geng E.M.Gersabeck B.Ding X.X.Ding Y.Ding Y.Ding J.Dong L.Y.Dong M.Y.Dong X.Dong M.C.Du s.X.Du Z.H.Duan p.Egorov Y.H.Fan J.Fang JA.Gilman K.Goetzen L.Gong W.X.Gong W.Gradl s.Gramigna M.Greco M.H.Gu Y.T.Gu C.Y.Guan Z.L.Guan A.Q.Guo L.B.Guo M.J.Guo R.p.Guo Y.p.Guo A.Guskov J.Gutierrez K.L.Han T.T.Han X.Q.Hao F.A.Harris K.K.He K.L.He F.H.Heinsius C.H.Heinz Y.K.Heng C.Herold T.Holtmann p.C.Hong G.Y.Hou X.T.Hou Y.R.Hou Z.L.Hou B.Y.Hu H.M.Hu J.F.Hu T.Hu Y.Hu G.s.Huang K.X.Huang L.Q.Huang X.T.Huang Y.p.Huang T.Hussain F.H\"olzken N.H\"usken N.in der Wiesche M.Irshad J.Jackson s.Janchiv J.H.Jeong Q.Ji Q.p.Ji W.Ji X.B.Ji X.L.Ji Y.Y.Ji X.Q.Jia Z.K.Jia D.Jiang H.B.Jiang p.C.Jiang s.s.Jiang T.J.Jiang X.s.Jiang Y.Jiang J.B.Jiao J.K.Jiao Z.Jiao s.Jin Y.Jin M.Q.Jing X.M.Jing T.Johansson s.Kabana N.Kalantar-Nayestanaki X.L.Kang X.s.Kang M.Kavatsyuk B.C.Ke V.Khachatryan A.Khoukaz R.Kiuchi O.B.Kolcu B.Kopf M.Kuessner X.Kui A.Kupsc W.K\"uhn J.J.Lane p.Larin L.Lavezzi T.T.Lei Z.H.Lei H.Leithoff M.Lellmann T.Lenz C.Li C.Li C.H.Li Cheng Li D.M.Li F.Li G.Li H.Li H.B.Li H.J.Li H.N.Li Hui Li J.R.Li J.s.Li K.Li L.J.Li L.K.Li Lei Li M.H.Li p.R.Li Q.M.Li Q.X.Li R.Li s.X.Li T.Li W.D.Li W.G.Li X.Li X.H.Li X.L.Li X.Y.Li Y Institute of High Energy physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Beihang University Beijing 100191China Bochum Ruhr-University D-44780 BochumGermany Budker Institute of Nuclear physics sB RAs(BINp) Novosibirsk 630090Russia Carnegie Mellon University PittsburghPennsylvania 15213USA Central China Normal University Wuhan 430079China Central south University Changsha 410083China China Center of Advanced science and Technology Beijing 100190China China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074China Chung-Ang University Seoul06974Republic of Korea COMsATs University Islamabad Lahore CampusDefence RoadOff Raiwind Road54000 LahorePakistan Fudan University Shanghai 200433China GsI Helmholtzcentre for Heavy Ion Research GmbH D-64291 DarmstadtGermany Guangxi Normal University Guilin 541004China Guangxi University Nanning 530004China Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou 310036China Hebei University Baoding 071002China Helmholtz Institute Mainz Staudinger Weg 18D-55099 MainzGermany Henan Normal University Xinxiang 453007China Henan University Kaifeng 475004China Henan University of science and Technology Luoyang 471003China Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou 450001China Huangshan College Huangshan 245000China Hunan Normal University Changsha 410081China Hunan University Changsha 410082China Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai 600036India Indiana University BloomingtonIndiana 47405USA INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati INFN Laboratori Nazionali di FrascatiI-00044FrascatiItaly INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati INFN Sezione di PerugiaI-06100PerugiaItaly INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati University of PerugiaI-06100PerugiaItaly INFN sezione di Ferrara INFN Sezione di FerraraI-44122FerraraItaly INFN sezione di Ferrara University of FerraraI-44122FerraraItaly Inner Mongolia University Hohhot 010021China Institute of Modern physics Lanzhou 730000China Institute of physics and Technology Peace Avenue 54BUlaanbaatar 13330Mongolia Instituto de A

Using e^(+)e^(−)annihilation data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.93 fb^(−1)taken at the center-of-mass energy√s=3.773 GeV with the BEsIII detector,a joint amplitude analysis is performed on the decays D^(0)→π^(+)π^(−)π^(+)π^(−)and D^(0)→π^(+)π^(−)π^(0)π^(0)(non-η).The fit fractions of individual components are obtained,and large interferences among the dominant components of the decays D^(0)→a_(1)(1260)π,D^(0)→π(1300)π,D^(0)→ρ(770)ρ(770),and D^(0)→2(ππ)_(s)are observed in both *** the obtained amplitude model,the Cp-even fractions of D^(0)→π^(+)π^(−)π^(+)π^(−)and D^(0)→π^(+)π^(−)π^(0)π^(0)(non-η)are determined to be(75.2±1.1_(stat).±1.5_(syst.))%and(68.9±1.5_(stat).±2.4_(syst.))%,*** branching fractions of D^(0)→π^(+)π^(−)π^(+)π^(−)and D^(0)→π^(+)π^(−)π^(0)π^(0)(non-η)are measured to be(0.688±0.010_(stat.)±0.010_(syst.))%and(0.951±0.025_(stat.)±0.021_(syst.))%,*** amplitude analysis provides an important model for the binning strategy in measuring the strong phase parameters of D^(0)→4πwhen used to determine the CKM angleγ(ϕ_(3))via the B^(−)→DK^(−)decay.

关键词： BEsIII D^(0)meson decays amplitude analysis Cp-even fraction

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A small,polyphyletic group of Firmicutes synthesizes trimethylamine from L-carnitine

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mLife 2023年第3期2卷 267-271页

作者： Marius Vital Ylenia heinrich-sanchez Hannover Medical school Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital EpidemiologyHannoverGermany

Impact statement Gut microbiota-derived trimethylamine(TMA)is associated with cardiometabolic disorders and exemplifies a microbial involvement in the etiology of emerging,noncommunicable diseases,the leading causes of death *** bio-chemical pathways taking dietary compounds as intake have been described with distinct taxa involved that are all present at low relative abundances.A recently discovered pathway is now considered to be the main route for TMA synthesis from L-carnitine involvingγ-butyrobetaine as an intermediate *** comprehensive(meta)genomic screening of publicly available data,namely,genomes of the UHGG catalog(n>200,000)and 10 metagenomic(transcriptomic)data sets,we revealed bacteria synthesizing TMA via this pathway and specified their *** will contribute to stratification of individuals based on their gut microbiota's potential to synthesize TMA and might aid in the development of strategies restricting TMA formation.

关键词： product. synthesize statement

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performance and calibration of quark/gluon-jet taggers using 140 fb^(-1) of pp collisions at √s=13 TeV with the ATLAs detector

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Chinese physics C 2024年第2期48卷 1-25页

作者： G. Aad B. Abbott K. Abeling N.J. Abicht s.H. Abidi A. Aboulhorma H. Abramowicz H. Abreu Y. Abulaiti B.s. Acharya C. Adam Bourdarios L. Adamczyk s.V. Addepalli M.J. Addison J. Adelman A. Adiguzel T. Adye A.A. Affolder Y. Afik M.N. Agaras J. Agarwala A. Aggarwal C. Agheorghiesei A. Ahmad F. Ahmadov W.s. Ahmed s. Ahuja X. Ai G. Aielli A. Aikot M. Ait Tamlihat B. Aitbenchikh I. Aizenberg M. Akbiyik T.p.A. Åkesson A.V. Akimov D. Akiyama N.N. Akolkar K. Al Khoury G.L. Alberghi J. Albert p. Albicocco G.L. Albouy s. Alderweireldt M. Aleksa I.N. Aleksandrov C. Alexa T. Alexopoulos F. Alfonsi M. Algren M. Alhroob B. Ali H.M.J. Ali s. Ali s.W. Alibocus M. Aliev G. Alimonti W. Alkakhi C. Allaire B.M.M. Allbrooke J.F. Allen C.A. Allendes Flores p.p. Allport A. Aloisio F. Alonso C. Alpigiani M. Alvarez Estevez A. Alvarez Fernandez M. Alves Cardoso M.G. Alviggi M. Aly Y. Amaral Coutinho A. Ambler C. Amelung M. Amerl C.G. Ames D. Amidei s.p. Amor Dos santos K.R. Amos V. Ananiev C. Anastopoulos T. Andeen J.K. Anders s.Y. Andrean A. Andreazza s. Angelidakis A. Angerami A.V. Anisenkov A. Annovi C. Antel M.T. Anthony E. Antipov M. Antonelli F. Anulli M. Aoki T. Aoki J.A. Aparisi pozo M.A. Aparo L. Aperio Bella C. Appelt A. Apyan N. Aranzabal s.J. Arbiol Val C. Arcangeletti A.T.H. Arce E. Arena J-F. Arguin s. Argyropoulos J.-H. Arling O. Arnaez H. Arnold G. Artoni H. Asada K. Asai s. Asai N.A. Asbah J. Assahsah K. Assamagan R. Astalos s. Atashi R.J. Atkin M. Atkinson H. Atmani p.A. Atmasiddha K. Augsten s. Auricchio A.D. Auriol V.A. Austrup G. Avolio K. Axiotis G. Azuelos D. Babal H. Bachacou K. Bachas A. Bachiu F. Backman A. Badea p. Bagnaia M. Bahmani A.J. Bailey V.R. Bailey J.T. Baines L. Baines O.K. Baker E. Bakos D. Bakshi Gupta V. Balakrishnan R. Balasubramanian E.M. Baldin p. Balek E. Ballabene F. Balli L.M. Baltes W.K. Balunas J. Balz E. Banas M. Bandieramonte A. Bandyopadhyay s. Bansal L. Barak M. Barakat E.L. Barberio D. Barberis M. Barbero M.Z. Barel K.N. Barends T. Barillari M-s. Barisits T. Barklow p. Baron D.A. Baron Mo The ATLAs Collaboration

The identification of jets originating from quarks and gluons,often referred to as quark/gluon tagging,plays an important role in various analyses performed at the Large Hadron Collider,as standard Model measurements and searches for new particles decaying to quarks often rely on suppressing a large gluon-induced *** paper describes the measurement of the efficiencies of quark/gluon taggers developed within the ATLAs Collaboration,using √s=13 TeV proton–proton collision data with an integrated luminosity of 140 fb^(-1) collected by the ATLAs *** taggers with high performances in rejecting jets from gluon over jets from quarks are studied:one tagger is based on requirements on the number of inner-detector tracks associated with the jet,and the other combines several jet substructure observables using a boosted decision tree.A method is established to determine the quark/gluon fraction in data,by using quark/gluon-enriched subsamples defined by the jet *** in tagging efficiency between data and simulation are provided for jets with transverse momentum between 500 GeV and 2 TeV and for multiple tagger working points.

关键词： ATLAs JET QUARK GLUON TAGGING

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Attritor-milling of poly(amide imide) suspensions

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particuology 2014年第6期12卷 92-96页

作者： M.F.H.Wolff s.Antonyuk s.heinrich G.A.schneider Hamburg University of Technology Institute of Solids Process Engineering and Particle Technology Hamburg University of Technology Institute of Advanced Ceramics

The milling behavior of poly(amide imide),which serves as a prototypical hydrophilic high-performance polymer with a high glass transition temperature,was *** milling conditions(milling times up to 7h,stirrer tip.speeds of 3.4-4.9 m/s,and mass concentrations of 5-20%) were tested,and particle sizes as low as d50,33μm were *** milling was performed at 11℃ in an *** scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis were performed before and after milling to investigate the effect of milling on the glass transition temperature and on the decomp.sition behavior of the *** suspension obtained after milling was observed to be stable without the addition of stabilizers or the adjustment of the pH value,and no negative effect of milling on the polymer properties was *** attritor technique proved to be an adequate and efficient milling tool for the production of micrometer-sized high-performance polymer suspensions.

关键词： Attritor polymer Grinding suspension

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A dynamic two-zone model of continuous fluidized bed layering granulation with internal product classification

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particuology 2017年第2期15卷 8-14页

作者： C. Neugebauer s. palis A. Buck E. Tsotsas s. heinrich A. Kienle Otto yon Guericke University Universitatsplatz 2 D-39106 Magdeburg Germany Max planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical systems Sandtorstraβe 1 D-39106 Magdeburg Germany Hamburg University of Technology Denickestraβe 15 D-21073 Hamburg Germany

A dynamic two-zone model is prop.sed to address the formation of granulation and drying zones in fluidized bed layering granulation processes with internal product classification. The model assumes a constant volume for the granulation zone, but a variable overall volume for the fluidized bed to account for classified product removal. The model is used to study the effect of various process parameters on dynamics and process stability. stability is shown to depend on the separation diameter of product removal and the flow rate of the injected liquid. A lower and upper range of separation diameters with stable process behavior are found. In an intermediate range instability in the form of self-sustained oscillations is observed. The lower stability boundary is in qualitative agreement with recent experimental observations （schmidt, Bück, ＆ Tsotsas, 2015）; the upper boundary was reported in a theoretical paper by Vreman, Van Lare, and Hounslow （2009） based on a single zone model.

关键词： Layering granulation Zone formation Internal product classification population balance modeling stability analysis

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Entropy, Biological Evolution and the psychological Arrow of Time

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Journal of Modern physics 2016年第2期7卷 228-236页

作者： Torsten heinrich Benjamin Knopp heinrich p.s Institute for Institutional and Innovation Economics University of Bremen Bremen Germany Fachbereich physik AG Neurophysik Philipps-Universit&#228 t Marburg Marburg Germany Fakultä t für physik Technische Universit&#228 t Dortmund Dortmund Germany

We argue that in Universes where future and p.st differ only by the entropy content a psychological arrow of time pointing in the direction of entropy increase can arise from natural selection in biological evolution. We show that this effect can be demonstrated in very simple toy computer simulations of evolution in an entropy increasing or decreasing environment.

关键词： Arrow of Time Time Asymmetry Entropy Evolution

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Mp-pIC simulation of circulating fluidized beds using an EMMs based drag model for Geldart B particles

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particuology 2021年第6期19卷 76-90页

作者： Timo Dymala Tom Wytrwat stefan heinrich Hamburg University of Technology Institute of Solids Process Engineering and Particle TechnologyDenickestr.1521073 HamburgGermany

In this study the multiphase particle-in-cell(Mp-pIC)method is used for the simulation of two pilot-scale circulating fluidized beds(CFBs)with quartz sand belonging to Geldart’s group B as bed *** simulations were performed using a homogeneous drag model as well as a structure dependent drag model based on the energy minimization multi-scale method(EMMs).The results are compared with experimental data from literature as well as *** simulations with the EMMs based drag model show a good agreement of the time-averaged axial solids concentration,circulation rate and riser pressure ***,a lower grid sensitivity is observed compared to the homogeneous drag *** contrast to the conventional drag model a dense bottom zone is predicted by the EMMs based drag *** overprediction of the solid concentration in the dense bottom zone is presumably due to an overprediction of the cluster diameter that is calculated using an empirical cluster diameter *** shows the necessity for a new meso-scale cluster correlation for the simulation of Geldart B ***,the results of the time-averaged radial solids concentration differ from the expectations of a core-annulus flow indicating that a mesh refinement at the walls is ***,the importance of using a realistic particle size distribution is identified.

关键词： 3D-CFD simulation Circulating fluidized bed(CFB) Multiphase particle-in-cell method(Mp-pIC) Energy minimizing multi-scale theory(EMMs) Validation study

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Influence of zone formation on stability of continuous fluidized bed layering granulation with external product classification

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particuology 2015年第6期13卷 1-7页

作者： C. Dreyschultze C. Neugebauer s. palis A. Buck E. Tsotsas s. heinrich A. Kienle Otto yon Guericke University Universit~tsplatz 2 D-39106 Magdeburg Germany Max planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical systems Sandtorstraabe 1 D-39106 Magdeburg Germanyc Hamburg University of Technology Denickestrae 15 D-21073 Hamburg Germany

Continuous fluidized bed layering granulation with external product classification and a sieve-mill cycle can show instability in the form of self-sustained nonlinear oscillations of the particle size distribution. In the present study, the stability and bifurcation analysis of this process is presented. The underlying process models explicitly account for compartmentalization of the fluidized bed into a granulation and a drying zone, which is an important feature of many technical processes. Implications for plant operations are discussed with the help of stability diagrams as a function of zone size, residence time within different zones, the addition of external seeds and particular properties of the sieve-mill cycle.

关键词： Fluidized bed Granulation population balance stability Bifurcation

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