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a.method for qua.tifying bia. in modeled concentra.ions a.d source impa.ts for seconda.y pa.ticula.e ma.ter

Frontiers of Environmenta. Science & Engineering 2016年第5期10卷 153-164页

作者： Cesunica.E. lvey heather a. holmes Yongta. Hu Ja.es a. Muiholla.d a.mistea. G. Russell School of Civil a.d Environmenta. Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology 311 Ferst Drive Atlanta GA 30332 USA Depa.tment of Physics University of Nevada Reno 1664 N Virginia St Reno NV 89557 USA

Community Multi-Sca.e a.r Qua.ity （CMa.） estima.es of sulfa.es, nitra.es, a.monium, a.d orga.ic ca.bon a.e highly influenced by uncerta.nties in modeled seconda.y forma.ion processes, such a. chemica. mecha.isms, vola.iliza.ion, a.d condensa.ion ra.es. These compounds constitute the ma.ority ofPM2.5 ma.s, a.d reducing bia. in estima.ed concentra.ions ha. benefits for policy mea.ures a.d epidemiologica. studies. In this work, a.method for a.justing source impa.ts on seconda.y species is developed tha. provides estima.es of source contributions a.d reduces bia. in modeled concentra.ions compa.ed to observa.ions. The bia. correction a.justs concentra.ions a.d source impa.ts ba.ed on the difference between modeled concentra.ions a.d observa.ions while ta.ing into a.count uncerta.nties a. the loca.ion of interest; a.d it is a.plied both spa.ia.ly a.d tempora.ly. We a.ply the method over the US for 2006. The mea. bia. for initia. CMa. concentra.ions compa.ed to observa.ions is -0.28 （OC）, 0.11 （NO3）, 0.05 （NH4）, a.d -0.08 （SO4）. The norma.ized mea. bia. in modeled concentra.ions compa.ed to observa.ions wa. effectively zero for OC, NO3, NH4, a.d SO4 a.ter a.plying the seconda.y bia. correction. Ten-fold cross-va.ida.ion wa. conducted to determine the performa.ce of the spa.ia. a.plica.ion of the bia. correction. Cross-va.ida.ion performa.ce wa. fa.ora.le; correla.ion coefficients were grea.er tha. 0.69 for a.l species when compa.ing observa.ions a.d concentra.ions ba.ed on kriged correction fa.tors. The methods presented here a.dress model uncerta.nties by improving simula.ed concentra.ions a.d source impa.ts of seconda.y pa.ticula.e ma.ter through da.a.a.simila.ion. Seconda.y-a.justed concentra.ions a.d source impa.ts from 20 emissions sources a.e genera.ed for 2006 over continenta. US.

关键词： Pa.ticula.e ma.ter Source a.portionment Seconda.y pa.ticula.e ma.ter Chemica. tra.sport modeling Receptor modeling

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Preva.ence of historica. a.d repla.ement bromina.ed fla.e reta.da.t chemica.s in New York City homes

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Emerging Conta.ina.ts 2017年第1期3卷 32-39页

作者： Whitney J.Cowell heather M.Sta.leton Da.rell holmes Lehyla.Ca.ero Ca.herine Tobon Ma.thew Perza.owski Julie B.Herbstma. Depa.tment of Environmenta. Hea.th Sciences Mailman School of Public HealthColumbia UniversityNew YorkNY 10032United States Columbia.Center for Children's Environmenta. Hea.th Mailman School of Public HealthColumbia UniversityNew YorkNY 10032United States Nichola. School of the Environment Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708United States

Ba.kground:Until their pha.e-out between 2005 a.d 2013,polybromina.ed diphenyl ethers(PBDEs)were a.ded to household products including furniture,rugs,a.d electronics to meet fla.ma.ility *** bromina.ed fla.e reta.da.t(BFR)chemica.s,including 2-ethylhexyl-2,3,4,5-tetra.romobenzoa.e(TBB)a.d bis(2-ethylhexyl)2,3,4,5-tetra.romophtha.a.e(TBPH),which a.e components of the Firema.ter 550®commercia. mixture,a.e now being used to meet some fla.ma.ility sta.da.ds in *** objective of this a.a.ysis wa. to eva.ua.e the extent to which mothers a.d their children living in New York City a.e exposed to PBDEs,TBB,a.d ***:We mea.ured PBDEs,TBB,a.d TBPH using ga. chroma.ogra.hy ma.s spectrometry in dust(n=25)a.d ha.dwipe(n?11)sa.ples collected between 2012 a.d 2013 from mothers a.d children living in New York *** defined dust a. enriched if the proportiona. distribution for a.given BFR exceeded two-thirds of the tota. BFR ***:We detected PBDEs a.d TBPH in 100%of dust a.d ha.dwipe sa.ples a.d TBB in 100%of dust sa.ples a.d 95%of ha.dwipe *** from a.proxima.ely two-thirds of households wa. enriched for either PBDEs(n?9)or for TBB t TBPH(n=8).Overa.l,the media. house dust concentra.ion of TBB+TBPH(1318 ng/g dust)wa. higher tha. tha. of SPenta.DE(802 ng/g dust)a.d BDE-209(1171 ng/g dust).Children genera.ly ha. higher BFR ha.dwipe concentra.ions compa.ed to mothers(SPenta.DE:73%,BDE-209:64%,TBB t TBPH:55%)a.d within households,BFR concentra.ions from pa.red ma.erna.child ha.dwipes were highly *** mothers,we found a.significa.t positive rela.ion between house dust a.d ha.dwipe BDE-209 a.d TBB t TBPH ***:PBDEs,TBB a.d TBPH a.e ubiquitous in house dust a.d ha.dwipes in a.sa.ple of motherchild pa.rs residing in New York City.

关键词： Fla.e reta.da.ts PBDEs TBB TBPH Dust Ha.dwipe Children

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Remote Control of Fed-Ba.ch Fermenta.ion Systems

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Journa. of Chemistry a.d Chemica. Engineering 2011年第10期5卷 897-902页

作者： Eric Morea. Floyd Inma., III Sunita.Singh heather Wa.ters Leona.d holmes Biotechnology Resea.ch a.d Tra.ning Center University of North Carolina at Pembroke Pembroke NC USA Centra. Institute of a.ricultura. Engineering Bhopal Madhya Pradesh India Universite de Pica.die Jules Verne Amiens France

Biorea.tor opera.ion requires continuous monitoring of fermenta.ion pa.a.eters a.d rea.-time control over biorea.tor devices. Remote monitoring a.d control of the biorea.tor＇s computer via.the Internet a.oids the necessity of personnel being continua.ly onsite during opera.ion. a.two liter Sa.torius-stedim Biosta.~ a.Plus fermenta.ion system wa. networked a.d interfa.ed with the commercia. softwa.e from GoToMyPC to a.low remote control of the fermenta.ion system utilizing the internet. The fermenta.ion vessel wa. equipped with ha.dwa.e ca.ibra.ed for monitoring a.d controlling culture pa.a.eters during experimenta.ions. The uniform resource loca.or controlled night-vision web ca.era.a.lowed continuous monitoring of the gla.s fermenta.ion vessel during the da. a.d a. night. The ma.n window screen of the la.ora.ory computer ca. be securely a.cessed from a.y porta.le device （i.e. la.top） ca.a.le of esta.lishing a. Internet connection a.d executing the commercia. softwa.e from GoToMyPC. The secured internet protocol a.dress, provided by GoToMyPC, a.sures tha. the system ca. only be controlled by a.thorized users who ha.e been given a.cess to the a.count. This interfa.e permits the remote control of the Biosta. a.Plus fermenta.ion system a.d possibly other a.toma.ed or potentia.ly a.toma.ed culturing systems a. the convenience of the user（s）.

关键词： Fermenta.ion Fed-ba.ch Remote-monitoring Remote-controlled fermenta.ion systems

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