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Role of terpenes from aphid-infested potato on searching and oviposition behavior of Episyrphus balteatus

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Insect Science 2007年第1期14卷 57-63页

作者： NICOLAS HARMEL RAKI ALMOHAMAD MARIE-LAURE FAUCONNIER PATRICK DU JARDIN FRANCOIS VERHEGGEN MICHEL MARLIER eric haubruge FREDeric FRANCIS Department of Functional and Evolutionary Entomology Department of Plant Biology Department of General and Organic Chemistry Gembloux Agricultural University Gembloux Belgium

To cope with pathogen and insect attacks, plants develop different mechanisms of defence, in both direct （physical and chemical） and indirect ways （attractive volatiles to entomophagous beneficials）. Plants are then able to express traits that facilitate ＂top-down＂ control of pests by attracting herbivore predators. Here we investigate the indirect defence mechanism of potato plants by analyzing the volatile patterns of both healthy and aphid- infested plants. Important changes in the emitted terpene pattern by the Myzus persicae infested host plant were observed. Using Solid Phase MicroExtraction （SPME） and GC-MS, the （E）-fl-farnesene （EBF） appeared to be emitted by aphid-infested potato and not by healthy plants. To assess the infochemical role of these volatile releases after aphid damage on the aphidophagous predators Episyrphus balteams, the hoverfly foraging behavior was assessed using the Observer 5.0 software （Noldus, Wageningen, The Netherlands）. Aphidfree potato plants were also used as a control volatile source in the predator behavioral study. While aphid-infested plants induced efficient searching and acceptation behaviors leading to egg-laying, no kairomonal effect of healthy potato plants was observed, leading to longer immobility durations and shorter searching periods in the net cage. High oviposition rate of E. balteatus was observed when aphid-infested potato was used （mean of 48.9 eggs per laying and per female）. On the other hand, no egg was produced by the hoverfly on healthy aphid-free plants. The E. balteatus foraging and reproductive behaviors according to the volatile emission from aphid-infested plants are discussed in relation to the potential use of active infochemical molecules in integrated aphid pest management.

关键词： aphid infested behavior Episyrphus balteatus potato terpenes

Aggregation behavior of Harmonia axyridis under non-wintering conditions

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Insect Science 2015年第5期22卷 670-678页

作者： Delphine Durieux Berenice Fassotte Jean-Louis Deneubourg Yves Brostaux Axel Vandereycken Emilie Joie eric haubruge Frangois J. Verheggen Functional and Evolutionary Entomology Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech University of Liege Gembloux Belgium Unit of Social Ecology Universite libre de Bruxelles Brussels Belgium and Applied Statistics Computer Science and Mathematics Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech University of Liege Gembloux Belgium

The invasive multicolored Asian ladybeetle, Harmonia axyridis （Pallas）（Coleoptera： Coceinellidae）, aggregates inside dwellings during winter to avoid cold weather. This adaptive behavior disturbs homeowners, because of the large numbers of individuals that aggregate, which induces allergic reactions. The migratory flight patterns of this species have been well documented, with individuals preferentially moving toward prominent and high color contrast elements. However, the factors involved in the selection of aggregation sites by this species have yet to be elucidated. Here, we evaluated the influ- ence of （i） the density of individuals and （ii） the type of available shelters on decisions by H. axyridis to settle and aggregate under shelters. A dual choice bioassay conducted in the laboratory demonstrated the presence of mutual attraction to conspecifics. We also found that individuals preferentially settled under red covered shelters compared to transparent shelters, and that the type of shelter outweighed the effect of social interactions among conspecifics. Moreover, this experiment was performed under non-wintering conditions, providing the first evidence that aggregative behavior in this species can also occur under those specific conditions.

关键词： group effect invasive species luminosity multicolored Asian ladybeetle shelter selection social behavior

Bacteria may contribute to distant species recognition in ant-aphid mutualistic relationships

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Insect Science 2017年第2期24卷 278-284页

作者： Christophe Y. Fischer Claire Detrain Philippe Thonart eric haubruge Frederic Francis Francois J. Verheggen Georges C. Lognay Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry University of Liege Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech Passage des Deportes 2 5030 Gembloux Unit of Social Ecology Universite Libre de Bruxelles CP231 50 avenue F. Roosevelt B-1050 Brussels Walloon Center of Industrial Biology University of Liege B40 Sart-Tilman 4000 Liege 4Functional and Evolutionary Entomology University of Liege Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech Passage des Deportes 2 5030 Gembloux Belgium

Mutualistic interactions between ant and aphid species have been the subject of considerable historical and contemporary investigations, the primary benefits being clean- ing and protection for the aphids and carbohydrate-rich honeydew for the ants. Questions remained, however, as to the volatile semiochemical factor influencing this relationship. A recent study highlighted the role of bacterial honeydew volatile compounds in ant at- traction. Here, ant＇s ability to distantly discriminate 2 aphid species was investigated based on bacterial honeydew semiochemicals emissions using a two-way olfactometer. Both the mutualistic aphid Aphis fabae L. and the nonmyrmecophilous aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris were found to be attractive for the ant Lasius niger L. The level of attraction was similar in both assays （control vs. one of the aphid species）. However, when given a choice between these 2 aphid species, ants showed a significant preference for Aphis fabae. Honeydew volatiles, mostly from bacterial origins, are known to be a key element in ant attraction. Using the same olfactometry protocol, the relative attractiveness of volatiles emitted by honeydews collected from each aphid species and by bacteria isolated from each honeydew was investigated. Again, ants significantly preferred volatiles released by Aphis fabae honeydew and bacteria. This information suggests that microbial honeydew volatiles enable ants to distantly discriminate aphid species. These results strengthen the interest of studying the occurrence and potential impact of microorganisms in insect symbioses.

关键词： ant aphid bacteria honeydew mutualism recognition VOC

Influence of Garlic Intercropping or Active Emitted Volatiles in Releasers on Aphid and Related Beneficial in Wheat Fields in China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2013年第3期12卷 467-473页

作者： ZHOU Hai-bo CHEN Ju-lian LIU Yong Frédéric Francis eric haubruge Claude Bragard SUN Jing-rui CHENG Deng-fa State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests Institute of Plant Protection Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Functional and Evolutionary Entomology Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech University of Liege College of Plant Protection Shandong Agricultural University Université catholique de Louvain Earth & Life Institute Applied Microbiology-Phytopathology

In order to develop biological control of aphids by a ＂push-pull＂ approach, intercropping using repellent emitting plants was developed in different crop and associated plant models. Garlic is one of the potential plant that could be inserted in crops to decrease the pest occurrence in neighboring crop plots. In this study, field works were conducted in wheat fields in Langfang Experimental Station, Hebei Province in China from October 2009 to July 2010 during wheat developmental season. The effect of wheat intercropping with garlic but also the volatiles emission on the incidence of the English grain aphid, Sitobion avenae Fabricius （Homoptera： Aphididae） was assessed. Natural beneficial occurrence and global yields in two winter wheat varieties that were susceptible or resistant to cereal aphid were also determined comparing to control plots without the use of garlic plant intercrop nor semiochemical releaser in the fields. S. avenae was found to be lower in garlic oil blend treatment （GOB）, diallyl disulfide treatment （DD） and wheat-garlic intercropping treatment （WGI） when compared to the control plots for both two varieties （P〈0.01）. Both intercropping and application of volatile chemicals emitted by garlic could improve the population densities of natural enemies of cereal aphid, including ladybeetles and mummified aphids. Ladybeetle population density in WGI, GOB and mummified aphids densities in WGI, DD were significantly higher than those in control fields for both two varieties （P〈0.05）. There were significant interactions between cultivars and treatments to the population densities of S. avenae. The 1 000-grain weight and yield of wheat were also increased compared to the control. Due to their potential alternatives as a biological control agent against cereal aphid, garlic intercropping and related emitted volatiles are expected to contribute to the further improvement of integrated pest management systems and to potentially reduce the amount of traditio

关键词： wheat garlic intercropping semiochemical release Sitobion avenae natural enemies

Testing semiochemicals from aphid, plant and conspecific： attraction of Harmonia axyridis

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Insect Science 2012年第3期19卷 372-382页

作者： Pascal D. Leroy Thomas Schillings Julien Farmakidis Stephanie Heuskin Georges Lognay Francois J. Verheggen Yves Brostaux eric haubruge Frederic Francis Departments of Functional and Evolutionary Entomology Departments of Analytical Chemistry Departments of Applied Statistics Computer Science and Mathematics University of Liege Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech Gembloux Belgium

Harmonia axyridis Pallas （Coleoptera： Coccinellidae） is an invasive specie affecting the dynamics and composition of several guilds. Nowadays, no biological control method is available to reduce the populations of this harmful coccinellid. Attractants and semiochemicals seem to be the best alternative but only few studies have tested the impact of semiochemicals on this Asian lady beetle. In this work, through wind- tunnel experiments, semiochemicals from aphids （Z,E-nepetalactone, [E]-β-farnesene, a-pinene and β-pinene）, from coccinellids （[-]-β-earyophyllene） and from the nettle Urtica dioica L. were evaluated as potential attractants. The nettle volatile compounds （[Z]-3- hexenol and [E]-2-hexenal） were extracted using a Clevenger Apparatus and identified by headspace gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. In the wind-tunnel experiments, the main components of the aphid alarm pheromone as well as a component of the aphid sexual pheromone strongly attracted both sexes of the Asian lady beetle while （-）-β- caryophyllene only attracted few individuals and had no impact on the males. The nettle extract as well as the （Z）-3-hexenol oriented both males and females to the odor source. The （E）-2-hexenal was shown to have no effect on females even if this green leaf volatile attracted males. Because Z,E-nepetalactone was identified as the most efficient attractant in the wind-tunnel experiments, this volatile was also tested in a potato field where H. axyridis has been showed to respond to this semiochemical. This study highlighted that Z,E-nepetalactone orientated the Asian lady beetle H. axyridis under natural condi- tions, indicating that this volatile compound could certainly help for an efficient biological control approach against this invasive specie.

关键词： aphids attractant Harmonia axyridis plant semiochemicals wind-tunnel

Honeydew volatile emission acts as a kairomonal message for the Asian lady beetle Harmonia axyridis （Coleoptera： Coccinellidae）

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Insect Science 2012年第4期19卷 498-506页

作者： Pascal D. Leroy Stephanie Heuskin Ahmed Sabri Fran( ois J. Verheggen Julien Farmakidis Georges Lognay Philippe Thonart Jean-Paul Wathelet Yves Brostaux eric haubruge Departments of Functional and Evolutionary Entomology Departments of Analytical Chemistry University of Liege Gembloux Agro-BioTech Walloon Center of Industrial Biology University of Liege B40 4000 Sart-Tilman Departments of General and Organic Chemistry Departments of Appfied Statistics Computer Science and Mathematics University of Liege Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech Gembloux Belgium

The Asian lady beetle Harmonia axyridis Pallas is considered as an invasive species in most territories where it has been introduced. Because aphid honeydew acts as an attraetant for many aphid predators and parasitoids, the objectives of this work were to collect and identify the volatile compounds released from the aphid excretory product to evaluate how these semiochemicals could affect the H. axyridis foraging behavior. Twelve volatile chemicals were identified from the Megoura viciae Buckton honeydew including four alcohols, three ketones, three aldehydes, a pyrazine and a monoterpene. The volatiles 3-methyl-l-butanol and 3-methyl-butanal were highlighted as the two most abundant semiochemicals released from the M. viciae honeydew. Vieia faba L. plants treated with crude honeydew attracted more than 80% of the tested individuals with 40% of attracted beetles located on the plant. Four volatile compounds （3-hydroxy-2-butanone, 3-methyl-butanal, 3-methyl-1-butanol and limonene） were also highlighted to attract more than 75% of the coccinellids toward the odor source and to locate about 35% of them on the plants. Limonene was the most efficient attractant since 89% of the H. axyridis responded to this odor. The use of the identified semiochemicals as well as the composition of an artificial honeydew could certainly be helpful to control the dispersal of the Asian lady beetle H. axyridis.

关键词： aphid honeydew attractant Harmonia axyridis kairomone semiochemicals

小麦挥发物对蚜虫及其天敌的行为影响——田间有效挥发性信息化合物的筛选(英文)

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应用昆虫学报 2014年第6期51卷 1470-1478页

作者：解海翠 Durieux Delphine 范佳刘勇 Bragard Claude haubruge eric 孙京瑞 Francis Frédéric 陈巨莲中国农业科学院植物保护研究所、植物病虫害生物学国家重点实验室北京100193 比利时列日大学让布鲁农业科学与生物工程学院昆虫功能与进化学系让布鲁5030 山东农业大学植物保护学院泰安271018 比利时鲁汶大学地球与生命研究所植物病理系鲁汶1348

【目的】植物挥发性信息化合物能够影响植食性昆虫及其他天敌行为,因此,在植物-植食性昆虫-天敌互作系统中具有重要地位。目前,小麦[Triticum aestivum L.(Gramineae)]中多种挥发物已被鉴定,为明确其对蚜虫及其天敌的行为影响。【方法... 详细信息

【目的】植物挥发性信息化合物能够影响植食性昆虫及其他天敌行为,因此,在植物-植食性昆虫-天敌互作系统中具有重要地位。目前,小麦[Triticum aestivum L.(Gramineae)]中多种挥发物已被鉴定,为明确其对蚜虫及其天敌的行为影响。【方法】本试验利用四臂嗅觉仪和风洞测定4种不同浓度的小麦挥发物(水杨酸甲酯、3-己酰醋酸酯、己烯醇和1-己醇)对麦长管蚜Sitobion avenae(Fabricus)及其两种重要天敌,异色瓢虫[Harmonia axyridis(Pallas)(Coleoptera:Coccinellidae)]和黑带食蚜蝇[(Episyrphus balteatus(De Geer)(Diptera:Syrphidae)]的行为反应。【结果】结果显示,水杨酸甲酯仅吸引异色瓢虫。3-己酰醋酸酯和己烯醇吸引麦长管蚜及异色瓢虫,但随其浓度增加对蚜虫的吸引作用降低,对异色瓢虫吸引作用增强。3-己酰醋酸酯对黑带食蚜蝇也具有吸引作用。另外,与天敌相比,1-己醇对麦长管蚜吸引作用更强。【结论】总之,本试验明确除1-己醇外,水杨酸甲酯、3-己酰醋酸酯、己烯醇可以作为吸引天敌,控制蚜虫的潜在用于推-拉策略的挥发物性化学信息物。

关键词：小麦挥发物蚜虫天敌行为

Fast-GC Quantification of Harmonine,the Major Defense Alkaloid of the Multicolored Asian Ladybird Harmonia axyridis(Pallas)

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2012年第1期3卷 67-75页

作者： Christophe Y.Fischer Pascal Laurent Stephanie Heuskin Delphine Durieux eric haubruge Francois J.Verheggen Georges C.Lognay Department of Analytical Chemistry Gembloux Agro-Bio TechLiege UniversityLiegeBelgium Department of General and Organic Chemistry Gembloux Agro-Bio TechLiege UniversityLiegeBelgium Department of Biological and Industrial Chemistry Gembloux Agro-Bio TechLiege UniversityLiegeBelgium Department of Functional and Evolutionary Entomology Gembloux Agro-Bio TechLiege UniversityLiegeBelgium

These last few years the multicolored Asian ladybird, Harmonia axyridis (Pallas), previously introduced in Europe and North America as a biological control agent, has swiftly spread out on those territories and turns out to be a pest in several ways. In order to improve understanding of several key points of the biology of this ladybird, a novel fast-GC method of quantification of harmonine, the main defense alkaloid of H. axyridis, has been designed and validated using the accuracy profile concept for concentrations ranging from 13 to 264 μg/individual. This method allows quantifying harmonine in a single insect with a maximal error risk of 20%. For ladybirds collected in spring, mean harmonine concentration observed was 106.6 μg/individual with a very high standard deviation of 80.2 μg/individual, which can easily be explained by the strong asymmetry of the results distribution. Males and females seem equally chemically protected as the harmonine concentration did not significantly differ between sexes. This method is currently used to improve our comprehension of several key points of H. axyridis biology including aggregation behavior and aposematism.

关键词： Alkaloid Harmonine Harmonia axyridis Fast-GC Validation

Sensing nanoscale electromagnetic forces when the heat is on

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National Science Review 2024年第7期11卷 64-65页

作者： eric O.Potma Department of Chemistry University of California

In scanning probe microscopy(SPM),a sharp tip scans across a sample to produce an image with nanometer-scale resolution or better. SPM contrast is derived from the physical interplay between the tip and the sample. A special class of SPM techniques measures forces when the tip–sample junction is illuminated by an external light source. Photo-induced forces can be sensitive to the optical properties of the sample, thus enabling nanoscale imaging with spectroscopic,material-specific contrast.

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