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Local Criteria Used by Farmers to Evaluate the Agronomic Performance and the Fertilizing Capacity of Cowpea Varieties: Diversity, Variability and Proximal Relation with Agronomic Measurements in Contrasted Sahelian Locations

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第1期15卷 114-131页

作者： Nouhou Salifou Jangorzo Abdoul-Aziz Saïdou Abou-Soufianou Sadda Abdoulaye Moussa Mamoudou hassane bil-assanou issoufou Département des Sciences du Sol et Télédétection Université Dan Dicko Dankoulodo de Maradi Maradi Niger. Unité Mixte de Recherche “Diversité et Adaptation des Plantes” (UMR DAP) Université Dan Dicko Dankoulodo de Maradi Maradi Niger Centre Imaan de Support en Recherche Transdisciplinaire (Imaan Research) Niamey Niger Institut de Recherche pour le Développement Niamey Niger Université Boubacar BA de Tillabéri Tillabéri Niger Département des Sciences et Techniques de Productions Végétales Université Dan Dicko Dankoulodo de Maradi Maradi Niger

When contributing to participatory research, farmers usually appreciate the performance of cowpea varieties using qualitative scores. The score they attribute to each variety are based on local knowledge. The specific criteria they individually use to attribute a score are not well described. The objectives of this work were to: 1) identify and describe exhaustively the local criteria used by farmers to measure the agronomic performance of cowpea;2) assess the variability and statistical structure of these farmer criteria across local contexts;3) and analyze the association between these farmer criteria and the classical agronomic measurement. To achieve these objectives, an augmented block design was implemented across fifteen locations in the regions of Maradi, Dosso and Tillabéri, representing a diversity of local contexts. From a set of 36 cowpea varieties, fifteen varieties were sown per location, including five varieties (controls) common to all locations. In each location, two replicates were sown in randomized Fisher’s blocks. After agronomic measurement and participatory evaluation (scoring of varieties by farmers), a group survey (focus group) was conducted in each location to identify the criteria considered by farmers to found their discretional scoring of varieties during the participatory evaluation. The analysis of the data identified, across locations, thirteen criteria defined by farmers to characterize the agronomic performance of cowpea. Some of these criteria were different according to location. Farmers ranked the three varieties with the best performance for each agronomical trait (Top 3 varieties). A comparison of the farmer ranking with the ranking based on agronomic measurements revealed similarity and complementary between both methods. This study highlighted the importance of considering both local and scientific knowledge in local varietal evaluations.

关键词： Agronomic Performance Participatory Research Cowpea Farmers’ Criteria

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Modeling the Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Local Context for a Contextualized Diffusion of Agroecological Intensification Options in Niger

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International Journal of Geosciences 2024年第3期15卷 270-301页

作者： Nouhou Salifou Jangorzo Maud Loireau Abou-Souﬁanou Sadda Ousmane Sami Mari Abdoul-Aziz Saïdou hassane bil-assanou issoufou Département des Sciences du Sol et Télédétection Université Dan Dicko Dankoulodo de Maradi UMR DAP Maradi Niger Unité mixte de Recherche Diversité et Adaptation des Plantes (UMR DAP) Université Dan Dicko Dankoulodo de Maradi Maradi Niger Institut de Recherche pour le Développement UMR Espace-DEV Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD) Perpignan France Institut de Recherche pour le Développement Représentation Niamey Niger Centre Imaan de Support en Recherche Transdisciplinaire UMR DAP/UDDM Niamey Niger Département des Sciences et Techniques de Productions Végétales Université Dan Dicko Dankoulodo de Maradi UMR DAP Maradi Niger

Spatio-temporal variability and dynamics in Sahelian agro-pastoral zones make each local situation a special case. These specificities must be considered to guide the dissemination of agricultural options with a view to sustainable development. The territorial scale of municipalities is not sufficient for this necessary contextualization;the scale of the “village terroir” seems to be a better option. This is the hypothesis we put forward in the framework of the Global Collaboration for Resilient Food Systems program (CRFS), i.e. local context is spatially defined by village terroir. The study is based on data collected through participatory mapping and surveys in “village terroirs” in three regions of Niger (Maradi, Dosso and Tillabéri). Then the links between farm managers and their cultivated land, as well as the spatio-temporal dynamics of local context are analyzed. This study provides evidence of the existence and functional usefulness of the village terroir for farmers, their land management and their activities. It demonstrates the usefulness of contextualizing agricultural options at this scale. Their analysis elucidates the links between “terroirs village” and the specific functioning of the agrosocio-ecosystems acting on each of them, thus laying the systemic and geographical foundations for a model of the spatio- temporal dynamics of “village terroirs”. This initial work has opened up new perspectives in modeling and sustainable development.

关键词： Niger Option by Context Local Condition Complex System Multiscale Conceptual Modeling

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Clipping Effect on Growth and Plant Water Use Response to Diurnal Variation of Vapor Pressure Deficit in Cenchrus biflorus Roxb

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Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment 2024年第2期13卷 183-191页

作者： Moussa Oumarou Abdoulaye issoufou hassane bil-assanou Soulé Moussa Mainassara Zaman-Allah Laboratory Ecology and Management of Sahelo-Saharan Biodiversity Department of Biology Faculty of Science and Techniques Andr&#233 Salifou University Zinder Niger Department of Biology Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Dan Dicko Dankoulodo University of Maradi Maradi Niger Department of Science and Technology of Plant Production Faculty of Agronomy and Environmental Sciences Dan Dicko Dankoulodo University of Maradi Maradi Niger

Cenchrus biflorus called Karangiya in the Hausa language is an annual pastoral grass which is a valuable herbaceous fodder in dry land region in the context of climate change. However, little is known about the plant water use under the effects of cut in West Africa Sahel like Niger where the plant is a multipurpose grass species. Therefore, this study investigated the impact of grazing (simulated by shoot cuts) on biomass production. Cenchrus biflorus Roxb was grown on field plots and in pots and subjected to shoot cuts at different levels (3 cm and 5 cm from soil surface). The effect of shoot cuts on drought tolerance was evaluated by assessing the response of transpiration to the diurnal variation of vapor pressure deficit (VPD). Results showed that the biomass production varied in response to shoot cuts depending on the culture system, and the level or frequency of cuts. The mean biomass production increased significantly especially in field plots for 5 cm cuts compared to those at 3 cm and the control treatment. In addition, transpiration was highly increased in response to the VPD increase. Shoot cuts significantly reduced transpiration, whatever the level, largely because they reduced leaf surface. We concluded that moderate grazing (cuts to 5cm) can improve biomass production and allow better adaptation to water deficit as they significantly reduced water loss through transpiration. The study recommends the cropping of the Cenchrus biflorus as climate solution as it performs better under water deficit for improving grazing resilience in Niger.

关键词： Cenchrus biflorus Biomass Vapor Pressure Deficit Cutting Grazing

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Land Use and Gully Dynamics in the Kourfa Watershed, Matankari (Southwest Niger)

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Journal of Geographic Information System 2024年第4期16卷 306-320页

作者： Bachirou Hamadou Younoussa Tahirou hassane Yaou Bouba hassane Abass Kadade Sabou Abdoulkader Moussa Issaka Amadou Abdourhamane Toure Zibo Garba Facult des Sciences et Techniques Universit de Dosso Dosso Niger Facult des Sciences et Techniques Universit Abdou Moumouni de Niamey Niamey Niger Facult des Sciences et Techniques Universit Andr Salifou de Zinder Zinder Niger

The main consequences of climate change in the Sahel have been the metamorphosis of surface conditions. These metamorphoses have resulted in surface degradation, of which silting up of watersheds is the main phenomenon. The objective of this study is to assess the environmental trends of the Kourfa pond watershed. The study is based on diachronic mapping with Landsat satellite images and Google Earth images, over the period 1986 to 2021. The study reveals that vegetation (whose rate of regression doubled between 1986 and 2021) has decreased to the benefit of crop areas (whose rate of increase multiplied by 3.61 between 1986 and 2021). Bare soil and encrusted areas have also decreased, with regression rates almost double than those of 1986. In addition, the Kourfa waterholes have experienced two types of changes over 35 years: one progressive between 2011 and 2016 and the other regressive between 2001 and 2021 compared to 1986. The ravine network has been multiplied by a factor of 2.4, with density more than doubled and the connectivity of the hydrographic networks has risen from 2 to 4, with significant bank recession. This dynamic of the Kourfa pond is linked to the high drainage, the increasing complexity of the gully network and the erosion due to the retreat of the watershed banks, all of which contribute to the silting-up of the Kourfa watershed.

关键词： Kourfa Pond Dynamics Watershed Dosso Niger

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Reversible Semi-Fragile Watermarking Technique for Integrity Control of Relational Database

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Engineering（科研） 2024年第9期16卷 309-323页

作者： Ali Hamadou Abdoul Aziz Issaka hassane Lanciné Camara Harouna Naroua Department of Mathematics Dan Dicko Dankoulodo University of Maradi Maradi Niger Social Science and Management University of Bamako Bamako Mali Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Abdou Moumouni University Niamey Niger

Reversible watermarking schemes for relational database are usually classified into two groups: robust schemes and fragile schemes. The main limitation of existing reversible fragile methods is that they cannot differentiate between legal and malicious modifications. In this paper, we introduce a novel lossless semi-fragile scheme based on prediction-error expansion for content protection of relational database. In the proposed method, all attributes in a database relation are first classified according to their sensitivity to legitimate updates. Then, the watermark is embedded by expanding the prediction error of the two least significant digits of securely selected attributes. At watermark extraction, the proposed method has the ability to fully restore the original data while detecting and localizing tampering. The applicability of our method is demonstrated theoretically and experimentally.

关键词： Semi-Fragile Watermarking Integrity Control Reversibility Prediction-Error Expansion

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Evaluation of the Level of Pollution by Heavy Metals of Market Garden Soils along the Chari River in Ndjamena: Case of the 9th and 7th Districts

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第8期15卷 939-961页

作者： Kotva Wana Mackaye hassane Taisso Likius Andossa Béral Djétenbé Laboratoire Gosciences Dpartement des Sciences de la Terre Facult des Sciences Universit de NDjamena NDjamena Chad Laboratoire Gosciences Dpartement des Sciences de la Terre Facult des Sciences Universit de Mongo Mongo Chad Laboratoire Sol et Environnement (LASEN) Dpartement des Sciences de la Terre Facult des Sciences Universit de Ngaoundr Ngaoundr Cameroun

The main aim of this study was to characterize the metal content of soils used for market gardening along the Chari river: the 7th and 9th districts of NDjaména. To achieve this, two sites were selected: Gassi and Walia, and two control sites (Gassi and Walia). A total of fifty (50) soil samples were taken (24 from the Gassi site, 24 from the Walia site and 2 as control soils) and then analyzed to determine a number of physico-chemical parameters (pH, OM and electrical conductivity) and heavy metal concentrations in the various soils. The TME content (As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, Hg and Zn) of the soils was determined by plasma-coupled Atomic Emission Spectrometry. In order to assess the level of contamination in Gassi and Walia soils, the geoaccumulation index (GeoIndex), contamination factor and degree of contamination were calculated. Results for physico-chemical parameters revealed that pH ranged from acidic (4.6) to moderately neutral (6.5), electrical conductivity was higher in cultivated soils (mean 292.14 μs/cm) than in control soils (mean 149.33 μs/cm), and soils were rich in organic matter. Overall, heavy metal concentrations in cultivated soils were higher than in control soils. The pollution estimate shows that soils in the area have no moderate contamination. The increase in TME concentrations in cultivated soils is thought to be due to the input of agricultural inputs to the soil. However, these levels are below the Average shale reference and Canadian guidelines for agricultural soil quality. Principal component analysis shows that metals are positively and significantly correlated with each other, and negatively and moderately significantly correlated with each other.

关键词： Contamination Agricultural Soils City of N’Djaména ETM Gassi Walia

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Characteristics of Gold and Its Mineralization Style in the Boulon Djounga Eastern Perimeter of Liptako Mining Company (Central Southwestern Niger)

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Natural Resources 2024年第1期15卷 28-50页

作者： Gambo Ranaou Noura Kamayé Tourba Karimou Dia Hantchi Bouba hassane Moussa Konaté Department of Geology Faculty of Science and Techniques Abdou Moumouni University Niamey Niger Department of Geology Faculty of Science and Techniques Dan Dicko Dankoulodo University Maradi Niger

The Boulon Djounga eastern perimeter is part of the Tiawa operating permit of the Société des Mines du Liptako (SML), located in the central southwestern part of Liptako (Niger). In this study, we used field data, Reverse Circulation (RC) surveys and chemical analyzes of gold to determine the characteristics of gold and its mineralization style. The eastern perimeter of Boulon Djounga is represented by a succession of metabasalts and metasediments both intersected by intrusions of quartz and dolerite dykes, and covered by sandstone and clayey rocks. Gold is present in low contents (0.00 - 0.30 ppm) in the sedimentary cover and in medium (0.30 - 1.00 ppm) or high contents (1.00 - 4.534 ppm) in the metasediments, and in the gray quartz veins and locally in the volcanics. It exists in a disseminated state or in a concentrated state in the surrounding areas in the form of discrete grains associated with sulphurous minerals (pyrite: FeS2, chalcopyrite: CuFeS2 or arsenopyrite: FeAsS). The presence of gold in the quartz veins, and the NE-SW and NW-SE orientations of the ore bodies suggest that the eastern Boulon Djounga gold mineralization would be established during a late magmatic extensive phase.

关键词： Liptako Gold Mineralization Metasediments-Volcanics Quartz Veins Sulphurous Minerals Niger

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Sickle Cell Disease in the Zinder Region in 2023: Prevalence and Sociodemographic Factors

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Open Journal of Blood Diseases 2024年第1期14卷 1-7页

作者： Brah Moustapha Maman Amadou Djibrilla-Almoustapha Moustapha Elhadji-Chefou Illa Hamidine Moussa Diongolé hassane Badé Malam-Abdou Department of Medicine Université André Salifou de Zinder Zinder Niger Department of Medicine H&#244pital National de Zinder Zinder Niger Department of Medicine Université Abdou Moumouni de Niamey Niamey Niger Department of Medicine Université Dan Dicko Dan Koulodo de Maradi Maradi Niger

Introduction: In view of the number of sickle cell patients and due to a low production of descriptive studies, we decided to determine the prevalence of genes S and C of the disease in the Zinder region. The objective was to contribute to improving the management of sickle cell disease in Zinder. Methodology: This was a systematic screening by the “Sickle Scan” test of any blood donor admitted to the Zinder Regional Blood Transfusion Center during the 6-month study period, from January to June 2023. The Sickle Scan is a qualitative lateral flow chromatography immunoassay using whole blood samples that aid in the rapid diagnosis of sickle cell disease. Results: The study was carried out on 613 samples during the period concerned. The frequency of sickle cell genes was 26.9% (n = 165) in all samples collected, with 23.1% (n = 142) and 3.8% (n = 23) for the S gene and the C gene, respectively. The 18 - 30 age group was the most represented with 64.4% (n = 395) cases. The median age of blood donors was 26 years ± 10 years (min = 18 years/max = 60 years). The sex ratio was 2.5. Donors of Nigerien nationality accounted for 84.1% (n = 516). There is a predominance of blood donors with an average monthly income between 34,000 and 70,000 CFA francs in 44.3% (n = 272), lived in permanent housing with drinking water supply. Sickle cell trait (SMA) was found in 22.5% (n = 138). Conclusion: The analysis of these results highlights a high frequency of the S gene for sickle cell disease. The population with an average monthly income is the most affected, with a male predominance.

关键词： Sickle Cell Anemia Blood Donors Sickle Scan

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Nutritional and Sanitary Quality of Infant Flours Produced in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2024年第8期15卷 727-743页

作者： Léa Kilô Adam Bayala-Yaï Philippe Augustin Nikièma hassane Sangaré Fabrice Bationo Imael Henri Nestor Bassolé Jacques Simpore Laboratoire de Biologie Molculaire et de Gntique (LABIOGENE) Universit Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Biologie Molculaire dEpidmiologie et Surveillance des Agents Transmissibles par les Aliments (LaBESTA) Universit Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Microbiologie et de Physicochimie du Dpartement de Technologie Alimentaire (DTA) Institut de Recherche en Sciences Appliques et Technologies (IRSAT) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

The quality of infant flours used during the weaning age is of great importance in that it conditions the nutritional health of infants and young children. This study aimed to assess the nutritional and sanitary quality of infant flours produced in the city of Ouagadougou. This was a cross-sectional study including 11 out of 25 infant flour production units that gave their consent to partake in the study. In total, 25 infant flour samples have been collected from July to September 2021. The physicochemical and microbiological parameters were determined according to standard methods. The ANOVA analysis of variance showed significant differences between the means of the physico-chemical and the means of the microbiological parameters respectively. The results showed that 60% of proteins and 80% of lipid and total carbohydrate contents were below the authorised limits. The energy values were below the authorised limit in 88% of the cases. All instant infant flours had microbiological loads compliant with Burkinabè standards. As for infant flour to be cooked, 63.64% and 81.82% had satisfactory numbers of total coliforms and faecal coliforms respectively. Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were detected in these samples with 86.36% of infant formulae having results below the recommended limit. These results show that the infant flours produced in Ouagadougou were somehow of acceptable quality. However, there is a need to improve the formulae for macronutrient contents, energy values and sanitary quality to comply with the recommendations.

关键词： Nutritional and Sanitary Quality Infant Flours Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

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Tectonic Style Associated with the Doleritic Dykes of the Téra-Ayorou Pluton (Liptako, Western Niger)

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International Journal of Geosciences 2024年第8期15卷 567-581页

作者： Kamayé Tourba Gambo Ranaou Noura Abdou Dodo Bohari Karimou Dia Hantchi Mallam Mamane Hallarou hassane Ibrahim Maharou Yacouba Ahmed Moussa Konaté Groundwater and Georesources Laboratory Department of Geology Abdou Moumouni University Niamey Niger UMR of Water Sciences Mineral Resources Uses and Management Dan Dicko Dankoulodo University Maradi Niger

The doleritic dykes present in the Téra-Ayorou pluton crosscut the basement of the Nigerien Liptako and are part of the system of intrusive mafic dykes in the Paleoproterozoic domain of the Léo-Man ridge. In the previous work, emphasis was placed on the petrology, geochemistry and geochronology of the Liptako doleritic dykes. This study aims to analyze the tectonic style of intrusive doleritic dykes in the Téra-Ayorou pluton. The characterization of the deformation which affected the doleritic dykes of the Téra-Ayorou pluton is important for the evaluation of their economic potential. To this end, measurements of tectonic structure planes were taken in the field, and samples were taken from the chilled margin and cores of dolerite dykes, before being processed in the laboratory. Analysis of the tectonic structures collected revealed a brittle tectonic pattern, characterizing a phase of deformation subdivided into two episodes D1 and D2. Episode D1, with its subvertically dipping normal faults and simple N70˚ - N110˚ fractures, is compatible with N-S extension. On the other hand, episode D2, which created shear corridors by reactivation of pre-existing fractures and oriented N150˚ - N170˚, is associated with a WSW-ENE extension. These results open up prospects for the exploration of gold, uranium mineralization and diamonds in the north-west of Niger.

关键词： Dolerite Dykes Associated Structures Deformation Phases North Liptako Niger

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