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Agricultural Soil Fertilizing Potential of Dry Faecal Sludge from Treatment Plants in Burkina Faso

Open Journal of Soil Science 2022年第6期12卷 225-241页

作者： Sabiriba Alain Hema Mamadou Traore Kalifa Coulibaly Bazoumana Koulibaly hassan bismarck nacro Nazi BONI University Laboratory of Study and Research on Soil Fertility Bobo Dioulasso Burkina Faso Institute of Environment and Agricultural Research (INERA) Cotton Program Bobo Dioulasso Burkina Faso

The dry faecal sludge (DFS) are potential sources of organic fertilizers because of their high content in nutrients and organic matter, critical for plants growth and soil health maintaining. In Burkina Faso, the DFS are processed in faecal treatment plants. However, after drying, the DFS are most often dumped in the nature without any control or directly used as fertilizer without any idea of their potential risks for human health and the environment. This investigation aimed at physico-chemical and toxicological characterization of the DFS from faecal treatment plants according to the duration of their storage. For this purpose, DFS samples were collected in three (3) faecal treatment plants in Ouagadougou and one in Bobo Dioulasso, in Burkina Faso. The measurements were carried out on pH (H2O), organic matter content, major nutrients (N, P, K), trace elements (Na, Ca and Mg) and metallic trace elements. Indifferently to the faecal treatment plants and the duration of the storage, the DFS showed strong acidity (4.85 ± 0.13 et 6.53 ± 0.10) and low content in total elements (Na à40.97% ± 9.99%). Values recorded of the trace metallic elements showed there were no risk of contamination when used as fertilizers: (103.9 ± 2.00 mg/kg < Cu < 137 ± 25.69 mg/kg);(710.13 ± 18.97 mg/kg < Zn < 922.30 ± 7.04 mg/kg);(33.03 ± 1.65 mg/kg < Pb < 152.40 ± 19.40 mg/kg);(1.34 ± 0.17 mg/kg < Cd < 1.76 ± 0.04 mg/kg);(34.34 ± 0.27 mg/kg < Ni < 52.32 ± 3.60 mg/kg) et (771.15 ± 18.36 mg/kg < Cr < 1697.83 ± 55.11 mg/kg). The results indicated a high fertilizer potential of the DFS after addressing the issue of their acidity.

关键词： Toxicity Agronomic Potential Dry Faecal Sludge Burkina Faso

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Can Stand Density and Stem Stratification Be Indicators of Aboveground Biomass in Woody Plant Recruitment in Savannah

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Open Journal of Forestry 2022年第1期12卷 41-59页

作者： Saran Traoré Sébastien Ange Habih Nombré Issiaka Keïta hassan bismarck nacro Brice Sinsin UFR/Sciences et Techniques Université Nazi Boni Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Laboratoire d’Etude et de Recherche en Fertilité de Sols IDR Université Nazi Boni Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Biologie et Ecologie Végétales UFR Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire d’Ecologie Appliquée Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques Université d’Abomey-Calavi Cotonou République du Bénin

Stem density and size stratification of woody species are informative of vegetation conditions and its physiognomy in savannah whereas their variation influence woody population functioning. Current study endeavoured to evaluate the stand density and size variability of woody species related to aboveground biomass in a Sudanian savannah. Total height, stem diameter at breast height (dbh) ≥ 5 cm were measured in 30 plots of 50 m × 20 m laid in respect to vegetation type as bowal, shrubland and woodland. Species diversity, stem density, height and basal area were calculated and compared across sites and variation in stem dbh classes evaluated. Total aboveground biomass was estimated and thereafter linear relationships were established between stand density and aboveground biomass, and basal area. Results revealed three different sites with an overall 58 species identified through vegetation type including liana species (4 stems in bowal) with 18 genera and 42 families. Fabaceae Combretaceae, Anacardiaceae and Rubiaceae were dominant families. Small sized trees represented 72% of total stem density considered in structure with significant higher basal area, while large sized trees as 28% were scarcely distributed. More than 70% variation in biomass was due to stem density and basal area with a dominance of small trees. In conclusion increase size in tree community indicated increase in accumulated aboveground biomass as positive regeneration features. But, change in vegetation structure strongly influence negatively species ability to grow from lower to upper size class and later on, disrupt ecosystem functioning. Plant stem density and stratification could be con

关键词： Aboveground Biomass Biodiversity Conservation Plant Regeneration Stem Structure Vegetation Type

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Abundance and Diversity of Woody Undergrowth Reservoir as Indicator of Suitable Vegetation Patch for Natural Regeneration

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Open Journal of Ecology 2022年第2期12卷 113-132页

作者： Saran Traoré Issiaka Keïta Sébastien Ange Habih Nombré hassan bismarck nacro Brice Sinsin UFR/de la Vie et de la Terre Université Nazi Boni Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Laboratoire d’Etude et de Recherche en Fertilité de Sols IDR Université Nazi Boni Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Biologie et Ecologie Végétales UFR-Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire d’Ecologie Appliquée Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques Université d’Abomey-Calavi Cotonou République du Bénin

The diversity, abundance and height structure of naturally regenerated woody species were analyzed and compared for undergrowth reservoir associated with vegetation patches as bowal, shrubland and woodland for understanding the effect of vegetation conditions on spatial distribution of woody plants in Sudanian ecosystem. All undergrowth individuals (height 2) laid out in each vegetation patch during rainy season. In total 52 undergrowth species and 2224 stems arranged in 38 genera and 21 families out of which 25, 36 and 38 species were found in bowal, shrubland and woodland respectively and 15 shared species. Combretaceae, Caesalpiniaceae and Mimosaceae families were the most abundant and species density was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in shrubland and woodland than bowal, and increase diversity in only shrubland (P = 0.002) comparing with bowal. Undergrowth was abundantly concentrated in small height class as canopy benefit and indicate a specific-site distribution. Results also showed that bowal had a particular vegetation which vary in function of tree community characters in place (P < 0.05) while woodland and shrubland are similar vegetation patches. As conclusion, the study vegetation patches form suitable regeneration niches for the undergrowth reservoir of limited number of species which in return can be predictor of species richness and abundance and thus the structure of tree community. Woody undergrowth community could be considered in biodiversity management and degraded land restoration. Supplementary works could be undertaken to understand the characteristics of seed bank for bowal, shrubland and woodland regarding the undergrowth and tree communities.

关键词： Biodiversity Conservation Burkina Faso Regeneration Spatial Heterogeneity Sudanian Ecosystems

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Effects of Direct Sowing under Mulch-Based Cropping System (DMC) on Cotton and Maize Yield and Chemical Characteristics of Ferruginous Soil (Lixisoil) in the South Sudan Area of Burkina Faso

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2021年第6期11卷 352-365页

作者： Adama Ouattara Bazoumana Koulibaly Déhou Dakuo Kalifa Coulibaly Pascal Bazongo Oula Traore hassan bismarck nacro Institute of Environment and Agricultural Research (INERA) Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Laboratory for Soil Fertility Studies and Research Nazi BONI University Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso University of Fada N’Gourma Fada N’Gourma Burkina Faso West African Monetary Economic Union (UEMOA) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

To better understand the effects of direct sowing under mulch-based cropping system (DMC) in Burkina Faso’s cotton production systems, randomized blocks of Fisher experimental design were implemented at Farako-Ba research station from 2010 to 2019. The study was conducted on lixisoil to evaluate DMC effects on biomass production, crops yields and soil chemical properties in a maize and cotton rotation system associated with cover crop. Conventional tillage and direct seeding without cover crop were compared to DMC under B. ruziziensis (GERM. & EVRARD), DMC under B. ruziziensis + M. cochinchinensis mulch and DMC under C. juncea (L.) mulch used in association with maize. Biomass production, crop yields and soil chemistry were evaluated. Results showed that over 10 years, no-till with or without a cover crop provided cotton seed and maize yields that were statistically equivalent to the tillage commonly practiced by farmers. Cover crop has allowed increasing the biomass production compared to Conventional Tillage and Direct Seeding. Maize yield has not varied significantly with the cover crop. After 10 years of maize and cotton rotation, the improvement raised from +27% to +38% for organic matter and from +15% to +29% for nitrogen with DMC including legumes such as M. cochinchinensis and C. juncea compared to Conventional Tillage on 0 - 5 cm depth. No significant differences were found on soil pH like P2O5 and K2O content. Although DMC with C. juncea used as cover crop did not provide the best biomass production, it contributes to increase nitrogen and organic matter and presents better mineral balances in 10 years of rotation. The 5 - 10 cm and 10 - 20 cm were little influenced by DMC systems.

关键词： Cover Crop Tillage Direct Sowing under Mulch-Based Cropping System Crop Rotations Soil Characteristic Leguminous

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Soil Macrofauna Behaviour in the Presence of Pesticides and Organic Amendments

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2017年第3期5卷 202-212页

作者： Rayim Wendé Alice Nare Paul Windinpsidi Savadogo Mamoudou Traore André Gountan hassan bismarck nacro Michel Papaoba Sedogo Département des Substances Naturelles Institut de Recherche en Sciences Appliquées et Technologies (IRSAT) Ouagadou-gou Burkina Faso Laboratoire Sol-Eau-Plante Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire d’Etude et de Recherche sur la Fertilité des Sols (LERF) Université Polytechnique de Bobo Dioulasso (UPB) Bobo Dioulasso Burkina Faso

Insects attack vegetable crop, leading to an overuse of pesticides. Organic amendments are recommended to increase soil fertility. The impact of two insecticides, on soil macrofauna under rainfed cultivation of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) with or without organic amendments was evaluated. The insecticides were Lambda Super (lambda-cyhalothrin) and Dursban (chlorpyrifos ethyl) and organic amendments were compost, pig manure and cattle manure. An experimental device in split-plot with three replicate was installed. Pesticides were applied periodically each week during the experiment. The results have showed that with organic amendments, Lambda super increased the earthworm population compared to the control. Indeed, we found 42 individuals/m2 with compost;1 individuals/m2 with pig manure and 27 individuals/m2 with cattle manure but the control was 0 individuals/m2 in the presence of Lambda super without organic amendment. Similarly, Dursban increased the population of earthworms in the presence of organic amendment with 11, 37 and 91 individuals/m2 respectively for compost, pig manure and cattle manure. Lambda super with compost has led to a total elimination of termites. In the presence of Dursban, a decrease in the number of termites was observed when adding cattle manure (11 individuals/ m2) compared to the control containing only Dursban (21 individuals/m2). Better distribution of macrofauna was obtained with treatment with Dursban and compost (E = 0.99 for earthworms and E = 0.96 for termites). All organic amendments used in our study stimulated earthworm population, but more in the presence of Lambda super or Dursban.

关键词： Pesticides Organic Amendment Soil Macrofauna Burkina Faso

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Phytodiversity and Vulnerability of Protected Areas in Burkina Faso: Case of Péni Classified Forest

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2022年第12期10卷 204-223页

作者： Nebnoma Romaric Tiendrébeogo Paulin Ouoba Brigitte Bastide Yempabou Hermann Ouoba Blandine Marie Ivette Nacoulma Irénée Somda bismarck hassan nacro Issiaka Joseph Boussim Natural and Agronomy Sciences Doctoral School Nazi BONI University Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Institute of Environment and Agricultural Research Farako-Ba Station Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Laboratory of Natural Systems Agrosystems and Environmental Engineering Institute of Rural Development Nazi BONI University Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Training and Research Unit in Life and Earth Sciences Nazi BONI University Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Laboratory of Plant Biology and Ecology Training and Research Unit in Life and Earth Sciences Joseph KI-ZERBO University Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratory of Study and Research on Soil Fertility Nazi BONI University Institute of Rural Development Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Joseph KI-ZERBO University University Center of Ziniaré Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Protected areas contain most of Burkina Faso’s plant biodiversity which confer different benefits for the communities. However, the composition of some of them remains unknown. In a context of overexploitation and climate change, it is important to have a detailed knowledge of the vegetation of forests that have not been studied, such as Péni Classified Forest (PCF) to develop better preservation protocols. The aim of this study is to contribute to the knowledge of the flora of Burkina Faso. Phytosociological surveys were carried out in 213 plots, have identified 475 species distributed in 321 genera and 87 families. We identified during this study 201 woody species representing 38% of the woody flora of Burkina Faso. 64% of this flora is confined to shrub savannahs and 61% to tree savannahs. Among the vegetation units, shrub savannahs and tree savannahs have respectively 56.21% and 44.67% of very rare species. Poaceae (11.90%), Fabaceae-Faboideae (11.27%) and Rubiaceae (6.26%) are the most dominant families. The dominant biological types of the flora are phanerophytes (42.32%) and therophytes (30.32%), and Sudanian species (20.63%) are the best represented. Logging is the most frequent disturbance factor (100%) in the PCF. The PCF is a particular ecosystem with a great diversity but subject to many disturbances. Actions to strengthen its protection are necessary.

关键词： Biodiversity Ecology Anthropic Pressures Classified Forests Burkina Faso

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Evaluation of Combined Landscape Restoration Practices on Soil Organic Carbon Stocks in Semiarid Regions of Burkina Faso

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2022年第10期12卷 503-522页

作者： Stéphanie Batchakoué Maïga-Yaleu Abdul-Charif Cissé Sibiry Albert Kaboré Damien Hauswirth Oumarou Malam Issa Maguette Kaire Ibrahim Bouzou Moussa hassan bismarck nacro Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry and Materials (LCMM) Joseph KI-ZERBO University (UJKZ) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratory of Study and Research on Soil Fertility (LERF) Rural Development Institute (IDR) Nazi BONI University (UNB) Bobo Dioulasso Burkina Faso University Center of Tenkodogo Thomas SANKARA University (UTS) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso ECO Consult GmbH & Co. KG (Niger) Oberaula Germany IRD UMR Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris (IEES-Paris) SU/IRD/CNRS/INRAE/UPEC Centre IRD de France Nord Bondy Cedex France AGRHYMET Regional Center Permanent Interstates Committee for Drought Control in the Sahel (CILSS) Niamey Niger Abdou Moumouni University Department of geography Niamey Niger

Forest and landscape restoration (FLR) practices have been reported to improve soil organic carbon stocks (SOCs) and contributing to climate change mitigation. This study aims to evaluate the impact of combined FLR practices, mainly developed in semiarid regions, on SOCs. The SOCs, soil texture, bulk density (ρ), pH, CO2 emissions, and herbaceous biomass were determined at a 0 - 30 cm depth. The experimental design comprised degraded land without FLR practices and three sets of combined FLR practices. These practices included “zaï” + stone bunds + organic manure + assisted natural regeneration (ANR) used to convert degraded land into forest (GF) and cropland (PARL);“zaï” + stone bunds + crop rotation + crop/fallow successions + ANR used to convert degraded land into cropland (OARL) and “zaï”+ stone bunds + organic manure used to convert degraded land into cropland (KARL). SOCs were highest (20.02 t C ha−1) under OARL compared with the other combinations of FLR practices. SOCs increased by 99% (+0.2 t C ha−1⋅yr−1), 58% (+0.3 t C ha−1⋅yr−1) and 13% (+0.2 t C ha−1⋅yr−1) under GF, OARL and KARL, respectively, and decreased by 15% (−0.1 t C ha−1⋅yr−1) under PARL. This study provides additional information explaining SOC variation in restored degraded land through the implementation of a combination of FLR practices. This is useful for recommending the combination “zaï” + stone bunds + crop rotation + crop/fallow successions + ANR to improve SOCs in the semiarid agroecosystem.

关键词： Soil Organic Carbon Improved Management Soil Restoration Management Practices Semiarid Area

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Structure of Vegetables Farming and Farmer’s Perception of Soil and Water Degradation in Two Periurban Areas in Yaounde Cameroon

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2017年第11期7卷 333-346页

作者： Yvette Clarisse Mewouo Mfopou Mamadou Traore Pierre Popice Nuemsi Kenmogne Amina Aboubakar Gaelle Stévie Fatou Manguele Suzanne Abeline Tetmoun Maboune Jules Remy Ngoupayou Ndam Zacharia Gnankambary hassan bismarck nacro Polytechnic University of Bobo-Dioulasso Bobo-DioulassoBurkina Faso Institute of Agricultural Research for Development YaoundeCameroon University of Yaounde I Yaounde ICameroon

Vegetable farming is an activity sensitive to the dynamism of the population and to the level of intensification in the use of soil resources. A study was conducted in the peri-urban zones of Yaoundé to present the socioeconomic characteristics of vegetable farming and the farmers’ perception of soil and water degradation as a result of this activity. A semi-structured questionnaire was administered to this purpose in 2016 in two vegetable farming sites in Yaoundé, namely Nkolbisson and Nkolondom III. Results showed that most vegetable farmers from both sites (around 75%) lack training in agriculture while 74 and 90 didn’t benefit from training on management of pesticides. Spreading and landfilling of amendments are the two most popular ways of applying fertilizers. In fact, while the majority (35.4%) of these fertilizers is applied at planting time, the minority (4.9%) is applied several months before planting. Besides young plots are more exploited (52.4% and 30%) compared to older ones (2.4% and 5%) in Nkolondom III and Nkolbisson respectively, as they are more responsive to fertilizer application. As consequence, high rates of fertilizers are applied to the oldest farms. As for irrigation water, it is altogether polluted. Base on the above, the farmers’ perception of degradation is seen through the degradation of soils properties with time in the order of 14.3% to 60% and 15% to 44% at Nkolbisson and Nkolondom III respectively resulting in a gradual decrease of crop production (up to 50%). It is also seen through the polluted produce obtained from irrigation and cleaning water.

关键词： Soil Water Degradation Vegetable Farming Cameroon

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Soil Carbon Stocks Evolution in Organic Cotton-Based Cropping Systems in Southern and Northern Sudanese Agro-Ecological Zones of Burkina Faso

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(B) 2019年第6期9卷 392-402页

作者： Mamadou Traoré Bazoumana Koulibaly Kalifa Coulibaly Issouf Traoré Moussa Gnissien Tahibou Paré hassan bismarck nacro Institut du Développement Rural(IDR) Laboratoire d´Etude et de Recherche sur la Fertilitédes sols(LERF)UniversitéNazi Boni de Bobo Dioulasso(UNB)01 BP1091 Bobo-Dioulasso 01Burkina Faso Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles(INERA) Programme Coton Burkina Faso.01 BP 208 Bobo Dioulasso 01 Bureau National des Sols(BUNASOLS) 03 BP 7005Secteur 27 OuagadougouBurkina Faso

Variation of soil carbon stock in the cropping systems is an important indicator of their *** present study was conducted in 2015 and 2018 in seven organic cotton production areas distributed over the Southern and Northern Sudan agro-ecological zones in Burkina *** samples were collected in 2015 as baseline and in 2018,after three years of cropping seasons,to determine the variations in carbon stocks in plots under organic farming *** were also conducted to understand the fertilization practices implemented by producers during the same *** results revealed that the recommended fertilization packages were not respected due to low production capacity and under using of organic *** three years of cropping in 2018,the deficit of organic restitution has led to a high decline of the soil carbon *** decline was more severe in the 0-10 cm depth in some soils where the decrease in carbon stocks ranged from-4.6 t/ha to-5.5 t/*** correlation between soil types and their carbon stocks in the 0-10 cm soil layer was found to be significant(p<0.05)in the Northern Sudan agro-ecological zone with adjusted R2=74%and 54%in 2015 and 2018,respectively,and adjusted R2=56%(2015)and 44%(2018)in the Southern Sudan agro-ecological *** three years of organic cotton-based farming,a decrease in the correlation between soil types and their carbon content was observed in the majority of *** results show that the process of carbon storage in soil is more influenced by agricultural practices and agro-ecological conditions than by the soil type.

关键词： Organic cotton soil carbon stocks cropping system Burkina Faso

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Effects of Agroecological Practices on Soil Microbiological Activity in Sudano-Sahelian Zone of Burkina Faso

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A) 2022年第2期12卷 73-83页

作者： Bègnileyaon Béatrice Somda Badiori Ouattara Georges Zomboudré Peter Gubbels Tsuamba Bourgou hassan bismarck nacro Institute of Environment and Agricultural Research(CNRST/INERA) 04 BP 8645 Ouagadougou 04Burkina Faso Action-Learning and Advocacy(West Africa)for Groundswell International 06 BP 9360 Ouagadougou Zogana 06Burkina Faso Regional Coordinator of Grounds well International for West Africa 09 BP 1670 Ouagadougou 09Burkina Faso Soil fertility study and research Laboratory Nazi BONI University01 BP 1091 Bobo-Dioulasso 01Burkina Faso

Microorganisms are key actors in soil ***,their activity is influenced by various factors including agricultural *** study aimed to assess the effects of 4 agroecological practices on soil microbiological activity in the Sudano-Sahelian area of Burkina *** practices involved(a)the use of organic matter(OM)spread over a plot,with and without micro-dose mineral fertilization and(b)the localized application of organic manure in planting pits dug into hard pan land(zaï),with and without cereal-legume *** biomass(MB)by fumigation-extraction and soil respiration by incubation-extraction were measured on 40 soil samples,taken at 0-10 cm *** results indicated higher cumulative values of carbon from respiration on plots with generalized application of OM,with and without mineral fertilizers(113 and 111 mg C-CO_(2)/kg soil respectively),than on plots with localized application,with and without cereal-legume rotation(72.9 and 98 mg C-CO_(2)/kg soil respectively).MB follows the same trend as soil respiration with lower values(21.9 to 50.9 mg C/kg soil respectively).Generalized application of OM with or without mineral fertilizers was more favorable to soil microbial activity.

关键词： Agroecology MB soil respiration Burkina Faso

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