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Fever assessment in children under five: Are we following the guidelines?

World journal of Clinical Pediatrics 2024年第1期13卷 62-72页

作者： hasan m isa.a.med j isa murtadha A Alnasheet mahmood m mansoor Department of Pediatrics Salmaniya Medical ComplexManama 26671Bahrain Department of Pediatrics Arabian Gulf UniversityManama 26671Bahrain Department of General Surgery Salmaniya Medical ComplexManama 26671Bahrain

BACKGROUND Fever is a common cause of medical consultation and hospital admission,particularly among ***,the United Kingdom’s National Institute for health and Care Excellence(NICE)updated its guidelines for assessing fever in children under five years of *** efficient assessment and management of children with fever are crucial for improving patient *** To evaluate fever assessment in hospitalized children and to assess its adherence with the NICE Fever in under 5s *** We conducted a retrospective cohort review of the electronic medical records of children under five years of age at the Department of Pediatrics,Salmaniya medical Complex,Bahrain,between june and july *** data,vital signs during the first 48 h of admission,route of temperature measurement,and indications for admission were *** was defined according to the NICE *** children were divided into five groups according to their age(0-3 months,>3-6 months,>6-12 months,>12-36 months,and>36-60 months).Patients with and without fever were compared in terms of demography,indication for admission,route of temperature measurement,and other vital *** with the NICE Fever in the under 5s guideline was *** compliance was defined as>95%,partial compliance as 70%-95%,and minimal compliance as≤69%.Pearson’sχ^(2),Student’s t test,the mann-Whitney U test,and Spearman’s correlation coefficient(rs)were used for *** Of the 136 patients reviewed,80(58.8%)were *** median age at admission was 14.2[interquartile range(IQR):1.7-44.4]months,with the most common age group being 36-60 ***-six(26.4%)patients had fever,and 100(73.6%)were *** commonest age group for febrile patients(>12-36 months)was older than the commonest age group for afebrile patients(0-3 months)(P=0.027).The median weight was 8.3(IQR:4.0-13.3)*** with fever had higher weight than those without fever[10.2(IQR:7.3-13.0)vs 7

关键词： Fever Pediatrics Admission patterns Temperature measurement Guidelines Bahrain

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光驱动Rh/InGaN_(1-x)O_(x)纳米组装体甲烷干重整制合成气

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Science Bulletin 2024年第10期69卷 1400-1409页

作者：李亦昕李景林俞天奇邱亮 Syed m.Najib hasan 姚琳潘虎 Shamsul Arafin Sharif md.Sadaf 朱磊周宝文 Key Laboratory for Power machinery and Engineering of ministry of Education Research Center for Renewable Synthetic FuelSchool of Mechanical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China China-UK Low Carbon College Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 201306China Centre Energie Matériaux et TélécommunicationsInstitut National de la Recherche Scientifique(INRS)-Universitédu QuébecVarennes J3X 1E4Canada Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH43210USA

Light-driven dry reforming of methane toward syngas presents a proper solution for alleviating climate change and for the sustainable supply of transportation fuels and ***,Rh/InGaN_(1-x)O_(x) nanowires supported by silicon wafer are explored as an ideal platform for loading Rh nanoparticles,thus assembling a new nanoarchitecture for this grand *** combination with the remarkable photothermal synergy,the O atoms in Rh/InGaN_(1-x)O_(x) can significantly lower the apparent activation energy of dry reforming of methane from 2.96 eV downward to 1.70 *** as-designed Rh/InGaN_(1-x)O_(x) NWs nanoarchitecture thus demonstrates a measurable syngas evolution rate of 180.9 mmol g_(cat)^(-1) h^(-1) with a marked selectivity of 96.3% under concentrated light illumination of 6 W cm^(-2).What is more,a high turnover number(TON)of 4182 mol syngas per mole Rh has been realized after six reuse cycles without obvious activity *** correlative 18O isotope labeling experiments,in-situ irradiated X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(ISI-XPS)and in-situ diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy characterizations,as well as density functional theory calculations reveal that under light illumination,Rh/InGaN_(1-x)O_(x) NWs facilitate releasing^(*)Ch_(3) and h^(+)from Ch_(4) by holes,followed by h_(2) evolution from h^(+)reduction with ***,the O atoms in Rh/InGaN_(1-x)O_(x) can directly participate in CO generation by reacting with the ^(*)C species from Ch_(4) dehydrogenation and contributes to the coke elimination,in concurrent formation of O *** resultant O vacancies are then replenished by CO_(2),showing an ideal chemical *** work presents a green strategy for syngas production via light-driven dry reforming of methane.

关键词： Dry reforming of methane Photo-thermal catalysis Rh/InGaN_(1-x)O_(x)nanowires

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Evidence for particle acceleration approaching PeV energies in the W51 complex

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Science Bulletin 2024年第18期69卷 2833-2841页

作者： LhAASO Collaboration Zhen Cao F.Aharonian Axikegu Y.X.Bai Y.W.Bao D.Bastieri X.j.Bi Y.j.Bi W.Bian A.V.Bukevich Q.Cao W.Y.Cao Zhe Cao j.Chang j.F.Chang A.m.Chen E.S.Chen h.X.Chen Liang Chen Lin Chen Long Chen m.j.Chen m.L.Chen Q.h.Chen S.Chen S.h.Chen S.Z.Chen T.L.Chen Y.Chen N.Cheng Y.D.Cheng m.Y.Cui S.W.Cui X.h.Cui Y.D.Cui B.Z.Dai h.L.Dai Z.G.Dai Danzengluobu X.Q.Dong K.K.Duan j.h.Fan Y.Z.Fan j.Fang j.h.Fang K.Fang C.F.Feng h.Feng L.Feng S.h.Feng X.T.Feng Y.Feng Y.L.Feng S.Gabici B.Gao C.D.Gao Q.Gao W.Gao W.K.Gao m.m.Ge L.S.Geng G.Giacinti G.h.Gong Q.B.Gou m.h.Gu F.L.Guo X.L.Guo Y.Q.Guo Y.Y.Guo Y.A.han m.hasan h.h.he h.N.he j.Y.he Y.he Y.K.hor B.W.hou C.hou X.hou h.B.hu Q.hu S.C.hu D.h.huang T.Q.huang W.j.huang X.T.huang X.Y.huang Y.huang X.L.ji h.Y.jia K.jia K.jiang X.W.jiang Z.j.jiang m.jin m.m.Kang I.Karpikov D.Kuleshov K.Kurinov B.B.Li C.m.Li Cheng Li Cong Li D.Li F.Li h.B.Li h.C.Li jian Li jie Li K.Li S.D.Li W.L.Li W.L.Li X.R.Li Xin Li Y.Z.Li Zhe Li Zhuo Li E.W.Liang Y.F.Liang S.j.Lin B.Liu C.Liu D.Liu D.B.Liu h.Liu h.D.Liu j.Liu j.L.Liu m.Y.Liu R.Y.Liu S.m.Liu W.Liu Y.Liu Y.N.Liu Q.Luo Y.Luo h.K.Lv B.Q.ma L.L.ma X.h.ma j.R.mao Z.min W.mitthumsiri h.j.mu Y.C.Nan A.Neronov L.j.Ou P.Pattarakijwanich Z.Y.Pei j.C.Qi m.Y.Qi B.Q.Qiao j.j.Qin A.Raza D.Ruffolo A.Sáiz m.Saeed D.Semikoz L.Shao O.Shchegolev X.D.Sheng F.W.Shu h.C.Song Yu.V.Stenkin V.Stepanov Y.Su D.X.Sun Q.N.Sun X.N.Sun Z.B.Sun j.Takata P.h.T.Tam Q.W.Tang R.Tang Z.B.Tang W.W.Tian C.Wang C.B.Wang G.W.Wang h.G.Wang h.h.Wang j.C.Wang Kai Wang Kai Wang L.P.Wang L.Y.Wang P.h.Wang R.Wang W.Wang X.G.Wang X.Y.Wang Y.Wang Y.D.Wang Y.j.Wang Z.h.Wang Z.X.Wang Zhen Wang Zheng Wang D.m.Wei j.j.Wei Y.j.Wei T.Wen C.Y.Wu h.R.Wu Q.W.Wu S.Wu X.F.Wu Y.S.Wu S.Q.Xi j.Xia G.m.Xiang D.X.Xiao G.Xiao Y.L.Xin Y.Xing D.R.Xiong Z.Xiong D.L.Xu R.F.Xu R.X.Xu W.L.Xu L.Xue D.h.Yan j.Z.Yan T.Yan C.W.Yang C.Y.Yang F.Yang F.F.Yang L.L.Yang m.j.Yang R.Z.Yang W.X.Yang Y.h.Yao Z.G.Yao L.Q.Yin N.Yin X.h.You Z.Y.You Y.h.Yu Q.Yuan h.Yue h.D.Zeng T.X.Zeng W.Zeng m.Zha B.B.Zhang F.Zhang h.Zhang 不详 Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics&Experimental Physics Division&Computing Center Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center ChengduChina Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies 31 Fitzwilliam Place2 DublinIreland max-Planck-Institut for Nuclear Physics P.O.Box 103980Heidelberg 69029Germany School of Physical Science and Technology&School of Information Science and Technology Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 610031China School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Center for Astrophysics Guangzhou UniversityGuangzhou 510006China Tsung-Dao Lee Institute&School of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow 117312Russia hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang 050024China University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026China State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics China Key Laboratory of Dark matter and Space Astronomy&Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy Purple Mountain ObservatoryChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210023China Research Center for Astronomical Computing Zhejiang LaboratoryHangzhou 311121China Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology Shanghai Astronomical ObservatoryChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200030China School of Physics and Astronomy Yunnan UniversityKunming 650091China Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays(Tibet University) Ministry of EducationLhasa 850000China National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China School of Physics and Astronomy(Zhuhai)&School of Physics(Guangzhou)&Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology(Zhuhai) Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519000&Guangzhou 510275GuangdongChina Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237China APC UniversitéParis Cité

Theγ-ray emission from the W51 complex is widely acknowledged to be attributed to the interaction between the cosmic rays(CRs)accelerated by the shock of supernova remnant(SNR)W51C and the dense molecular clouds in the adjacent star-forming region,***,the maximum acceleration capability of W51C for CRs remains *** on observations conducted with the Large high Altitude Air Shower Observatory(LhAASO),we report a significant detection ofγrays emanating from the W51 complex,with energies from 2 to 200 *** LhAASO measurements,for the first time,extend theγ-ray emission from the W51 complex beyond 100 TeV and reveal a significant spectrum bending at tens of *** combining the"π^(0)-decay bump"featured data from Fermi-LAT,the broadbandγ-ray spectrum of the W51 region can be well-characterized by a simple pp-collision *** observed spectral bending feature suggests an exponential cutoff at~400 TeV or a power-law break at~200 TeV in the CR proton spectrum,most likely providing the first evidence of SNRs serving as CR accelerators approaching the PeV ***,two young star clusters within W51B could also be theoretically viable to produce the most energeticγrays observed by *** findings strongly support the presence of extreme CR accelerators within the W51 complex and provide new insights into the origin of Galactic CRs.

关键词： UhE c-ray Cosmic rays SNR W51C Star clusters

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Chemically and biologically activated biochars slow down urea hydrolysis and improve nitrogen use efficiency

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Pedosphere 2023年第4期33卷 659-669页

作者： Nazmul h.ANTOR Shamim mIA md.m.hasan Nowrose j.LIPI Keiji jINDO miguel A.SANChEZ-mONEDERO md.h.RAShID Department of Agronomy Patuakhali Science and Technology UniversityDumkiPatuakhali 8602(Bangladesh) Agrosystems Research Groups Wageningen University and ResearchWageningen 6700 AA(The Netherlands) Department of Soil and Water Conservation and Organic Waste management Spanish National Research Council(CEBAS-CSIC)Murcia 30100(Spain)

Biochar is considered a potential technology to enhance chemical fertilizer use efficiency through intensification of the interactions between nutrients and the functional groups on biochar ***,little is known about how the application of activated biochars mixed with urea influences nitrogen(N)mineralization and crop performance in paddy ***,a sawdust-derived fresh biochar(FBC)(ca.400℃)was activated chemically with 15%hydrogen peroxide and biologically with a nutrient solution mixed with a soil inoculum to obtain a chemically activated biochar(CBC)and a biologically activated biochar(BBC),*** chemical and surface properties of FBC,CBC,and BBC were evaluated using spectroscopic methods,i.e.,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance,and potentiometric charge *** N retention capacity of biochars and their interaction with urea hydrolysis were examined in a laboratory incubation ***,a field experiment was carried out in a paddy field with the biochars unmixed or mixed with urea at a 1:1 *** results showed that negative surface functional groups and negative charges were increased on both activated biochars,especially *** activated biochars contributed to a significant reduction in urea-biochar suspension ph and increased N retention in the incubation *** the enhanced surface properties of the activated biochars,no similar increases in rice biomass and grain yield were observed for these biochars in the field ***,rice biomass,grain yield,apparent N use efficiency,and agronomic N use efficiency were significantly higher with the application of the three biochars compared to no-biochar ***,the results indicate that the application of urea mixed with biochar could enhance crop performance,especially in the case of activated biochar,which would enhance N retention in the soil,reducing N loss.

关键词： chemical property crop yield functionalized biochar nitrogen uptake nutrient use efficiency pyrolysis

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high-throughput screening of hypothetical metal-organic frameworks for thermal conductivity

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npj Computational materials 2023年第1期9卷 2231-2242页

作者： meiirbek Islamov hasan Babaei Ryther Anderson Kutay B.Sezginel jeffrey R.Long Alan j.h.mcGaughey Diego A.Gomez-Gualdron Christopher E.Wilmer Department of Chemical&Petroleum Engineering University of PittsburghPittsburghPA 15261USA Department of Chemistry University of CaliforniaBerkeleyBerkeleyCA 94720USA Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Colorado School of MinesGoldenCO 80401USA Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of CaliforniaBerkeleyBerkeleyCA 94720USA materials Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA 94720USA Department of mechanical Engineering Carnegie Mellon UniversityPittsburghPA 15213USA Department of Electrical&Computer Engineering University of PittsburghPittsburghPA 15261USA

Thermal energy management in metal-organic frameworks(mOFs)is an important,yet often neglected,challenge for many adsorption-based applications such as gas storage and *** its importance,there is insufficient understanding of the structure-property relationships governing thermal transport in *** provide a data-driven perspective into these relationships,here we perform large-scale computational screening of thermal conductivity k in mOFs,leveraging classical molecular dynamics simulations and 10,194 hypothetical mOFs created using the ToBaCCo 3.0 *** found that high thermal conductivity in mOFs is favored by high densities(>1.0 g cm^(−3)),small pores(metal *** also found that 36 mOFs exhibit ultra-low thermal conductivity(m^(−1) K^(−1)),which is primarily due to having extremely large pores(~65Å).Furthermore,we discovered six hypothetical mOFs with very high thermal conductivity(>10 W m^(−1) K^(−1)),the structures of which we describe in additional detail.

关键词： conductivity thermal pores

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A meta-analysis of 1-year outcomes of transcatheter versus surgical aortic valve replacement in low-risk patients with severe aortic stenosis

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journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2020年第1期17卷 43-50,I0008-I0010页

作者： Aaqib h malik Syed Zaid hasan Ahmad joshua Goldberg Tanya Dutta Cenap Undemir martin Cohen Wilbert S Aronow Steven L Lansman Department of medicine Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical CollegeValhallaNYUSA Department of Cardiology Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical CollegeValhallaNYUSA Section of Cardiothoracic Surgery Department of SurgeryWestchester Medical CenterValhallaNew YorkUSA

Background Transcatheter aortic valve replacement(TAVR)for the treatment symptomatic severe aortic stenosis(AS)is indicated in patients with intermediate or higher surgical *** trials showed TAVR,and surgical aortic valve replacement(SAVR)perform similarly at 1-year for the composite outcomes of mortality,stroke and *** performed a comprehensive meta-analysis to compare individual outcomes at 1-year for TAVR compared to SAVR in low-risk *** Pub med,Embase,and Cochrane central were searched for all the randomized controlled trials(RCTs)that reported 1-year comparative outcomes of TAVR and surgical aortic valve replacement(SAVR).Our conclusions are based upon the random-effects model using Der Simonian-Laird *** Data from 4 trials and 2887 randomized patients showed that TAVR had lower rates of all-cause mortality,cardiovascular mortality,and atrial fibrillation compared to SAVR at 1-year follow-up(Ph a significantly higher risk of permanent pacemaker implantation and moderate-severe paravalvular leak(Phe latest randomised trial data demonstrates that in short-term,TAVR is safe and effective in reducing all-cause mortality or *** follow-up of RCTs is needed to determine the durability of clinical benefits in TAVR over SAVR in low-risk patients.

关键词： Aortic stenosis Low surgical risk meta-analysis Transcatheter aortic valve replacement

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Associations between physical activity levels and ATPase inhibitory factor 1 concentrations in older adults

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journal of Sport and health Science 2024年第3期13卷 409-418页

作者： jérémy Raffin Yves Rolland Annelise Genoux Guillaume Combes mikael Croyal Bertrand Perret Sophie Guyonnet Bruno Vellas Laurent O.martinez Philipe de Souto Barreto For the mAPT/DSA Group Institut du Vieillissement Gérontopôle de ToulouseCentre Hospitalo-Universitaire de ToulouseToulouse 31000France Centre d'Epidémiologie et de Recherche en Santédes Populations UnitéMixte de Recherche 1295Institut National de la Santéet de la Recherche MédicaleUniversitéToulouse-III-Paul-SabatierToulouse 31000France LimitAging Team Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et CardiovasculairesUnitéMixte de Recherche 1297Institut National de la Santéet de la Recherche MédicaleUniversitéToulouse III-Paul SabatierToulouse 31432France Service de Biochimie Pôle de biologieHôpital de PurpanCentre Hospitalo-Universitaire de ToulouseToulouse 31300France L'Institut du Thorax Institut National de la Santéet de la Recherche MédicaleCentre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueCentre Hospitalo-Universitaire de NantesNantes UniversitéNantes 44000France BioCore US16Structure Fédérative de Recherche BonamyInstitut National de la Santéet de la Recherche MédicaleCentre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueCentre Hospitalo-Universitaire de NantesNantes UniversitéNantes 44000France Plate-forme de spectrométrie de masse Centre de Recherche en Nutrition HumaineOuestNantes 44000France 不详

Background:Adenosine triphosphatase inhibitory factor 1(IF1)is a key protein involved in energy ***1 has been linked to various agerelated diseases,although its relationship with physical activity(PA)remains ***,the apolipoprotein A-I(apoA-I),a PA-modulated lipoprotein,could play a role in this relationship because it shares a binding site with IF1 on the cell-surface ATP *** examined here the associations between chronic PA and plasma IF1 concentrations among older adults,and we investigated whether apoA-I mediated these ***:In the present work,1096 healthy adults(63.8%females)aged 70 years and over who were involved in the multidomain Alzheimer Prevention Trial study were ***1 plasma concentrations(square root of ng/mL)were measured at the 1-year visit of the multidomain Alzheimer Prevention Trial,while PA levels(square root of metabolic equivalent task min/week)were assessed using questionnaires administered each year from baseline to the 3-year *** linear regressions were performed to investigate the associations between the first-year mean PA levels and IF1 *** analyses were conducted to examine whether apoA-I mediated these *** linear regressions were carried out to investigate whether the 1-year visit IF1 concentrations predicted subsequent changes in ***:multiple linear regressions indicated that first-year mean PA levels were positively associated with IF1 concentrations(B=0.021;SE=0.010;p=0.043).mediation analyses revealed that about 37.7%of this relationship was mediated by apoA-I(B_(ab)=0.008;SE=0.004;p=0.023).Longitudinal investigations demonstrated that higher concentrations of IF1 at the 1-year visit predicted a faster decline in PA levels over the subsequent 2 years(time×IF1:B=0.148;SE=0.066;p=0.025).Conclusion:This study demonstrates that regular PA is associated with plasma IF1 concentrations,and it suggests that apoA-I partly med

关键词： Aging Apolipoprotein Bioenergetics Exerkine mitochondria

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Performance Analysis of a Rooftop hybrid Connected Solar PV System

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Energy Engineering 2022年第4期119卷 1729-1744页

作者： hasan Falih Ahmed j.hamed Abdul hadi N.Khalifa Engineering Technical College Middle Technical UniversityBaghdad10074Iraq

In the present work,a 5-kW hybrid PV solar system was installed on the roof of a house in Diyala,Iraq(33.77°N,45.14°E elevation 44 m).The system consists of two strings,where each string consists of nine polycrystalline PV modules with 355 Wp in series,and the two strings are in *** energy storage system(ESS)consists of two parallel strings,each with four 12 V and 150 Ah tubular deep cycle batteries in series.A hybrid inverter of 5 kW rated power was operated in different *** results showed that may’s monthly energy consumption was about 822.9 and 1085 kWh,*** percentage distribution of the DC energy produced was about 1%system energy losses,27.9%was used to charge the ESS,34.3%was used to feed the grid,and the remaining 37.64%was used to share the *** energy percentage sharing the load was 16.67%from ESS,33.33%from the PV system,and 50%*** average daily reference,array,and final yields were 6.07,4.327,and 3.991 h/day,*** average array and load efficiencies were 12.3%and 92.24%,with the performance ratio at 65.4%.

关键词： Solar energy PV system final yield photovoltaic installations performance ratio hybrid PV system

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Effects of Delayed Second Cochlear Implant

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journal of Otology 2006年第2期1卷 119-123页

作者： XIA Rui-ming1, WU Xi-hong2, jANG Zi-gang1, jING Yuan-yuan1, LIN Yun-juan1, YU Li-sheng1 1. Department of Otolaryngology, People’s hospital, Peking University, P. R. China 11, Xizhimen South St, 100044 Beijing, P.R. China 2. Speech and hearing Research Center, Peking University, China R.m. Xia, X.h. Wu, Z.G. jang, Y.Y. jing, Y.j. Lin, L.S.Yu Department of Otolaryngology People’s Hospital Peking University P. R. China 11 Xizhimen South St 100044 Beijing P.R. China Speech and hearing Research Center Peking University China R.M. Xia X.H. Wu Z.G. Jang Y.Y. Jing Y.J. Lin L.S.Yu

Objective Since helms’ successful bilateral cochlear implantation with good results in 1996, there have been increasing number of reports on bilateral cochlear implantation. most second device have been implantated within one year after the first. Considering effects of long time auditory deprivation, it is not clear whether a delayed second cochlear implant serves to add additional benefits and how it may interact with central nervous system plasticity. methods Three cases who received delayed second cochlear implants at People’s hospital of Peking University from 2002 to 2005 were reviewed. The interval between the first and second implants was longer than 2 years in all three patients. Sound perception, and unilateral/bilateral speech discrimination in quiet and noise were evaluated. In addition, GAP detection test was conducted in one patient. Results In one case, having both implants on provided improved performance compared to using only one implant both in quiet and noise. Presumably due to visual interference from lip-reading or short interval between second implant and testing, one patient showed no improvement from using the second implant either in quiet or noise, while the last case demonstrated additional benefits from the second implant only in quiet. In all three patients, performance in recognizing the four tones in mandarin was superior over word recognition. Conclusions Considerable plasticity in the cerebral auditory center is preserved, despite long acoustic deprivation in some children who have received unilateral cochlear implant. Delayed second implants can result in significant improvements in some of these children. Visual interference from lip-reading may be an obstacle during retraining. The better recognition of tones in the mandarin language may represent a different sound discrimination mechanism in the auditory system, although it may also be related to the signal processing mechanisms of the implant used (med-EL COmBI 40+).

关键词： bilateral cochlear implant auditory deprivation

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Social health insurance and drug spending a mong cancer inpatients in China

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南京医科大学学报(自然科学版) 2008年第10期 1233-1233页

作者： Zhou, B. Yang, L. Sun, Q. m. Gu, h. j. Wang, B. Nanjing med Univ, Dept Pharmacol, Nanjing, Peoples R China. Nanjing med Univ, Affiliated hosp 1, Dept Gen Surg, Nanjing, Peoples R China.

A social health insurance(ShI) program has been established in China to ensure that people can obtain health care economically and equitably. Our analysis indicates that in 2005-06, 66.5 percent of Chinese citizens were non-ShI inpatients. We also found that drug spending for ShI inpatients was significantly higher than that for non-ShI inpatients. After adjusting for other variables, we found that the ShI coverage was also associated positively with higher drug costs. We present evidence to show that drug spending differences are attributable at least in part to differences in insurance courage.

关键词： care system services coverage lessons reforms nations

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