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Applications of next-generation sequencing to the study of biological invasions

Current Zoology 2015年第3期61卷 488-504页

作者： Marc RIUS Steve BOURNE harry guy hornsby Mark A. CHAPMAN Ocean and Earth Science National Oceanography Centre Southampton University of Southampton SO 14 3ZH UK Centre for Biological Sciences Life Sciences Building 85 University of Southampton Southampton SO 17 1B J UK

Through the widespread implementation of next-generation sequencing （NGS）, analyses of the whole genome （the entire DNA content） and the whole transcriptome （the genes being expressed） are becoming commonplace. NGS enables the analysis of a vast amount of previously unattainable genetic information. Despite this potential, NGS has yet to be widely imple- mented in genetic studies of biological invasions. The study of the genomic causes and consequences of biological invasions al- lows a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underpinning the invasion process. In this review, we present a brief introduction to NGS followed by a synthesis of current research in the genomics and transcriptomics of adaptation and coloniza- tion. We then highlight research opportunities in the field, including：（1） assembling genomes and transcriptomes of non-model organisms, （2） identifying genomic regions and candidate genes underlying evolutionary processes, and （3） studying the adaptive role of gene expression variation. In particular, because introduced species face a broad range of physiological and biotic chal- lenges when colonizing novel and variable environments, transcriptomics will enable the study of gene regulatory pathways that may be responsible for acclimation or adaptation. To conclude, we identify a number of research approaches that will aid our fu- ture understanding of biological invasions

关键词： Exotic species Genomics Genotype-environment interactions Invasive species Invasion genetics Invasion route Non-indigenous species Non-native species

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The training process： Planning for strength-power training in track and field. Part 1： Theoretical aspects

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2015年第4期4卷 308-317页

作者： Brad H. DeWeese guy hornsby Meg Stone Michael H. Stone Exercise and Sport Science Center of Excellence Jor Sport Science and Coach Education East Tennessee State University Johnson City TN 37614 USA Kinesiology and Health Sciences Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA 23284 USA

The process of strength-power training and the subsequent adaptation is a multi-factorial process. These factors range from the genetics and morphological characteristics of the athlete to how a coach selects, orders, and doses exercises and loading patterns. Consequently, adaptation from these training factors may largely relate to the mode of delivery, in other words, programming tactics. There is strong evidence that the manner and phases in which training is presented to the athlete can make a profound difference in performance outcome. This discussion deals primarily with block periodization concepts and associated methods of programming for strength-power training within track and field. 2015 Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Shanghai University of Sport.

关键词： Periodization Strength-power training Track and field Training process

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Transcriptome and Metabolic Profiling Provides Insigh into Betalain Biosynthesis and Evolution in Mirabilis jalapa

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Molecular Plant 2018年第1期11卷 189-204页

作者： guy Polturak Uwe Heinig Noam Grossman Maor Battat Dena Leshkowitz Sergey Malitsky liana Rogachev~ and Asaph Aharoni Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences Weizmann Institute of Science 234 Herzl Street Rehovot 7610001 Israel Bioinformatics Unit Life Sciences Core Facilities Weizmann Institute of Science 234 Herzl Street Rehovot 7610001 Israel

Betalains are tyrosine-derived pigments that occur solely in one plant order, the Caryophyllales, where they largely replace the anthocyanins in a mutually exclusive manner. In this study, we conducted multi-species transcriptome and metabolic profiling in Mirabilisjalapa and additional betalain-producing species to identify candidate genes possibly involved in betalain biosynthesis. Among the candidates identified, betalainrelated ytochrome P450 and glucosyltransferase-type genes, which catalyze tyrosine hydroxylation or （hydroxy）cinnamoyl-glucose formation, respectively, were further functionally characterized. We detected the expression of genes in the flavonoid/anthocyanin biosynthetic pathways as well as their metabolite intermediates in betalain-accumulating M. jalapa flowers, and found that the anthocyanin-related gene ANTHOCYANIDIN SYNTHASE （MjANS） is highly expressed in the betalain-accumulating petals. However, it appears that MjANS contains a significant deletion in a region spanning the corresponding enzyme active site. These findings provide novel insights into betalain biosynthesis and a possible explanation for how anthocyanins have been lost in this plant species. Our study also implies a complex, non-uniform history for the loss of anthocyanin production across betalain producers, previously assumed to be strictly due to diminished expression of anthocyanin-related genes.

关键词： betalain anthocyanin caryophyllales plant pigment biosynthesis secondary metabolism

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探索地球内部结构和地震震源机制--地震学家Adam M. Dziewonski教授的学术成就简介

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中国科学：地球科学 2017年第5期47卷 509-517页

作者：刘沁雅谷宇姚华建 University of Toronto Toronto M5S 1A7Canada University of Alberta Edmonton T6G 2G7Canada 中国科学技术大学地球和空间科学学院合肥230026

Adam ***(1936~2016)生前是哈佛大学地球与行星科学系教授,世界著名地球物理学家与地震学家.鉴于Dziewonski教授在固体地球物理领域的重要基础贡献,1998年瑞典皇家科学院授予他Crafoord奖(被誉为地学界的"诺贝尔奖"),1999年美国地震学... 详细信息

Adam ***(1936~2016)生前是哈佛大学地球与行星科学系教授,世界著名地球物理学家与地震学家.鉴于Dziewonski教授在固体地球物理领域的重要基础贡献,1998年瑞典皇家科学院授予他Crafoord奖(被誉为地学界的"诺贝尔奖"),1999年美国地震学会授予他harry Fielding Reid奖章,2002年美国地球物理学会授予他William Bowie奖章.Dziewonski教授的研究注重于利用地震观测资料来探索地球内部结构和地震震源机制,他最杰出的工作包括:(1)发展了地震矩中心位置和震源机制(CMT)反演方法,建立了实时自动反演全球中大型地震震源参数的系统,以及具有搜索功能的震源参数数据库以及相关的网站;(2)发展了被地学界广泛应用的一维地球参考结构模型PREM;(3)将层析成像方法应用于地球深部结构的研究中,反演获得三维非均匀地幔的速度结构模型,以及地球内部结构间断面的深度起伏特征;(4)证实地球内核的固态性,发现地球内核的各向异性和内核最深部的结构特征.Dziewonski教授是很多地震学领域的开创者,他在地震学基础研究领域的重大贡献深刻而广泛地影响着全世界的地震学家以及其他地球科学领域的研究者.本文简要介绍了Dziewonski教授主要的科研工作、核心的学术成就及重要的学术服务贡献,并探讨了他学术研究成功的因素,希望能够对从事地球科学研究的学者有积极的启示.

关键词： Dziewonski教授 Crafoord奖地震震源地球内部结构

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