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Review of materials used in laser-aided additive manufacturing processes to produce metallic products

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Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2019年第3期14卷 282-298页

作者： Xiaodong NIU surinder s.ngh Akhil GARG harpreet s.ngh Biranchi PANDA Xiongbin PENG Qiujuan ZHANG Intelligent Manufacturing Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education Shantou University Shantou 515063 China shantou Ruixiang Mould Co. Ltd. Jinping S&T Park Shantou 515064 China Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Ropar Rupnagar 140001 India IDMEC Institute Superior Tecnico Universidade de Lisboa 1649-004 Lisboa Portugal

Rapid prototyping (RP) or layered manufacturing (LM) technologies have been extensively used to manufacture prototypes composed mainly of plastics, polymers, paper, and wax due to the short product development time and low costs of these technologies. However, such technologies, with the exception of selective laser melting and sintering, are not used to fabricate metallic products because of the resulting poor life, short cycle, poor surface finish, and low structural integrity of the fabricated parts. The properties endowed by these parts do not match those of functional parts. Therefore, extensive research has been conducted to develop new additive manufacturing (AM) technologies by extending existing RP technologies. several AM technologies have been developed for the fabrication of metallic objects. These technologies utilize materials, such as Ni-, A1-, and Ti-based alloys and stainless steel powders, to fabricate high-quality functional components. The present work reviews the type of materials used in laserbased AM processes for the manufacture of metallic products. The advantages and disadvantages of processes and different materials are summarized, and future research directions are discussed in the final section. This review can help experts select the ideal type of process or technology for the manufacturing of elements composed of a given alloy or material (Ni, Ti, Al, Pb, and stainless steel).

关键词： direct metal deposition laser-based manufacturing rapid manufacturing selective laser meltiiTg additive manufacturing

Myositis and rhabdomyolysis in scrub typhus infection: A case report

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2023年第4期16卷 187-189页

作者： Tukaram Bolla sushmita Bhattarai harpreet s.ngh Vikas suri Ashish Bhalla Debajyoti Chatterjee Department of Internal Medicine Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchChandigarh160012India Department of Histopathology Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchChandigarh160012India

Rationale:Fever with myositis and rhabdomyolysis is a medical emergency requiring prompt diagnosis and *** typhus associated myositis with rhabdomyolysis is *** concerns:A 36-year-old female presented with intermittent fever up to 38.6℃,jaundice and progressive weakness of all four ***:scrub typhus associated myositis and ***:Doxycycline 100 mg twice daily and injection of ceftriaxone 1 gm twice daily along with continuous intravenous ***:Fever resolved with normalization of liver function and recovery of muscle ***:Presence of myositis and rhabdomyolysis is uncommon in scrub typhus;high clinical suspicion should be kept in patients with atypical manifestations of scrub typhus.

关键词： scrub typhus Myositis Rhabdomyolysis Doxycycline Transaminitis Vasculitis

Microstructural evolution of die-cast and homogenized AZ91 Mg-alloys during dry sliding condition

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2017年第1期5卷 35-40页

作者： Nagaraj M.Chelliah Ram Kumar harpreet s.ngh M.K.surappa Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology RoparRupnagarPunjab 140001India Department of Materials Engineering Indian Institute of ScienceBengaluruKarnataka 560012India

Received 16 July 2016;revised 24 January 2017;accepted 7 February 2017 Available online 22 February 2017 Abstract Microstructural evolution of die-cast and homogenized AZ91 Mg-alloys was investigated during dry sliding wear *** tests were performed using a pin-on-disc(EN8 steel)configuration with a normal load of 50 N at a constant sliding speed of 2.5 ms^(−1) under ambient *** was recognized as a predominant wear mechanism in both of these *** die-cast AZ91 Mg-alloy exhibits lower coefficient of friction and higher wear *** can be ascribed to increase in the intensity of load bearing capacity of hardβ-Mg_(17)Al_(12) phase,and crack formation/de-cohesion at the interface between primaryα-Mg and discontinuousβ-Mg_(17)Al_(12) *** the contrary,the homogenized AZ91 Mg-alloy experiences higher coefficient of friction and lower wear *** friction-induced microstructural evolution(supersaturatedα-Mg to eutectic(α+β-Mg_(17)Al_(12)))tending to minimize the wear rate by providing barrier to material removal in the near surface region of homogenized AZ91 ***,experimental observation revealed that an inverse relationship exists between wear rate and coefficient of friction for the investigated *** analysis of worn surfaces and subsurfaces by electron microscopy provided evidence to delamination wear and microstructural evolution.

关键词： Mg-alloys Heat treatment Microstructural evolution Wear rate Delamination subsurface

Improved offline multi-objective routing and wavelength assignment in optical networks

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Frontiers of Optoelectronics 2019年第4期12卷 433-444页

作者： harpreet KAUR Munish RATTAN Research scholar Electronics EngineeringI.K.Gujral Punjab Technical University JalandharKapurthalaPunjab 144603India Department of Electronics and Communication Baba Banda Singh Bahadur Engineering CollegeFatehgarh SahibPunjab 140407India Department of Electronics&Communication Guru Nanak Dev Engineering CollegeLudhianaPunjab 141006India

Optical networks act as a backbone for coming generation high speed *** applications demand a very high bandwidth which can be exploited with the use of wavelength division multiplexing(WDM)*** issue of setting light paths for the traffic demands is routing and wavelength assignment(RWA)*** on the type of traffic patterns,it can be categorized as offline or online *** this paper,an effective solution to offline(static)routing and wavelength assignment is presented considering multiple objectives ***,the flower pollination(FP)technique is *** the problem is extended with the parallel hybrid technique with flower pollination and intelligent water drop algorithm(FPIWDA).Further,FPIWD is hybrid in parallel with simulated annealing(sA)algorithm to propose a parallel hybrid algorithm *** results obtained through extensive simulation show the superiority of FPIWD as compared to ***,the results in terms of blocking probability with respect to wavelengths and load of FPIWDsA are more propitious than FP and FPIWD.

关键词： offline online flower pollination(FP) intelligent water drop(IWD) simulated annealing(sA) blocking probability static robustness flexibility heuristic wavelength division multiplexing(WDM)

strategic insights of telehealth platforms and strengths,weaknesses,opportunities,and threats analysis of Amazon's clinical endeavors

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World Journal of Methodology 2025年第2期15卷 145-153页

作者： harpreet Grewal Gagandeep Dhillon Venkata Buddhavarapu Ram Kishun Verma Ripudaman s.ngh Munjal Pranjal sharma Gurmanpreet sidhu Rahul Kashyap salim surani Department of Radiology Ascension Sacred Heart HospitalPensacolaFL 32503United States Department of Medicine UM Baltimore Washington Medical CenterGlen BurnieMD 21061United States Department of Medicine Banner Baywood Medical CenterBanner HealthMesaAZ 85206United States Department of sleep Medicine Parkview Health SystemFort WayneIN 46845United States Department of Medicine Touro university College of Osteopathic MedicineVallejoCA 94592United States Department of Nephrology Northeast Ohio Medical CenterRootstownOH 44272United States Department of Pathology Government Medical College PatialaPatiala 147001PunjabIndia Department of Research Wellspan HealthYorkPA 17403United States Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States Department of Medicine&Pharmacology Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843United States

BACKGROUND The adoption of telehealth services surged after the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic,revolutionizing traditional healthcare delivery *** Clinic's recent nationwide launch marks a significant milestone in this *** study aims to offer a strengths,weaknesses,opportunities,and threats(sWOT)analysis of Amazon Clinic and compare its features with leading virtual healthcare *** To evaluate Amazon Clinic's telehealth services through a sWOT analysis and compare its features with other leading virtual healthcare *** The initial search terms included were,amazon clinic odds ratio(OR)amwell OR Teladoc OR Walmart virtual health service OR CVs minute clinic OR CirrusMD OR brightside health,from 2000 to *** search yielded 111 articles,from which duplicates were removed,and unrelated titles were filtered *** articles were retained for a final review,including comparative studies,usability research,retrospective analyses,observational studies,and review *** data was organized and analyzed using Rayyan software and summarized in a table and PRIsMA *** The review included eight articles focusing on various aspects of *** studies highlighted differences between Teladoc and traditional physician offices,noting lower diagnostic imaging orders and antibiotic prescriptions for *** demographics for Teladoc showed younger,less engaged *** studies emphasized the importance of website design for telemedicine ***-mental health platforms like Brightside showed superior outcomes in treating depression compared to traditional *** for specialized fields like skin reconstruction demonstrated cost efficiency and reduced waiting *** sWOT analysis identified Amazon Clinic's strengths,such as its vast consumer base and transparent pricing,and weaknesses like the lack of pediatric *** included potential partnerships and servi

关键词： Tele-health Amazon COVID-19 Primary Care Outpatient clinic sWOT Telemedicine

safety of teplizumab in patients with high-risk for diabetes mellitus type 1:A systematic review

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第8期15卷 1793-1801页

作者： Venkata Buddhavarapu Gagandeep Dhillon harpreet Grewal Pranjal sharma Rahul Kashyap salim surani Department of Medicine Banner Baywood Medical CenterBanner HealthMesaAZ 85206United States Department of Medicine UM Baltimore Washington Medical CenterGlen BurnieMD 21061United States Department of Radiology Ascension Sacred Heart HospitalPensacolaFL 32504United States Department of Medicine Northeast Ohio Medical CenterRootstownOH 44272United States Department of Research Wellspan HealthYorkPA 17403United States Anesthesiology Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States Department of Medicine&Pharmacology Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843United States

BACKGROUND The incidence of diabetes mellitus type 1(DM1)has been rising worldwide because of improvements in diagnostic techniques and improved access to care in countries with lower socioeconomic status.A new anti-CD4 antibody,Teplizumab,has been shown to delay the progression of DM1 and is the only medication approved for this ***,more information is needed about the safety profile of this *** To identify the odds ratios(OR)of systems-based adverse effects for Teplizumab when compared to *** An extensive systematic review was conducted from the inception of the medication until December 31,*** clinical trials and studies that evaluated Teplizumab vs placebo were included in the initial *** study protocol was designed using Preferred Reporting Items for systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines guidelines and was registered in PROsPERO(ID:CRD42024496169).Crude OR were generated using RevMan software version *** After screening and review,5 studies were selected to determine the risk of adverse effects of teplizumab compared to placebo.A total of 561 patients were included in the study *** adverse effects and system-based adverse effects were studied and *** determined that patients receiving Teplizumab had a higher risk of developing gastrointestinal(GI)(OR=1.60,95%CI:1.01-2.52,P=0.04),dermatological(OR=6.33,95%CI:4.05-9.88,Pse effects(OR=19.03,95%CI:11.09-32.66,Pse patients were also significantly likely to have active Epstein-Barr Virus infection(OR=3.16,95%CI:1.51-6.64,Pshowed that patients receiving Teplizumab did have a higher incidence of total adverse effects vs placebo,this finding did not reach statistical significance(OR=2.25,95%CI:0.80-6.29,P=0.12).CONCLUsION Our systematic review suggests that Teplizumab patients are at risk for significant adverse effects,primarily related to GI,dermatological,and hematolog

关键词： Teplizumab Diabetes mellitus type 1 Adverse effects Monoclonal antibody systematic review

stress-rupture measurements of cast magnesium strengthened by in-situ production of ceramic particles

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2017年第2期5卷 225-230页

作者： Nagaraj M.Chelliah sudarshan Lisa Kraemer harpreet s.ngh M.K.surappa Rishi Raj Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Colorado BoulderBoulderCO 80302USA Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of TechnologyRopar 140001India Erich schmid Institute of Material science Austrian Academy of SciencesLeobenA-8700Austria Department of Materials Engineering Indian Institute of ScienceBangalore 560012India

We have introduced a polymer precursor into molten magnesium and then in-situ pyrolyzed to produce castings of metal matrix composites(P-MMCs)containing silicon-carbonitride(siCNO)ceramic ***-rupture measurements of as-cast P-MMCs was performed at 350 ℃(0.69TM)to 450 ℃(0.78TM)under dead load condition corresponding to tensile stress of 2.5 MPa to 20 *** time-to-fracture data were analyzed using the classical Monkman–Grant *** time-to-fracture is thermally activated and follows a power-law stress exponent exhibiting dislocation *** analysis revealed that while pure magnesium appears to fracture by dislocation slip,the P-MMCs fail from the nucleation and growth of voids at the grain boundaries.

关键词： stress-rupture Polymer derived ceramics Magnesium Dispersion strengthened alloys High temperature Light-weight materials

A Comparative study of Majority/Minority Logic Circuit synthesis Methods for Post-CMOs Nanotechnologies

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Engineering（科研） 2017年第10期9卷 890-915页

作者： Amjad Almatrood harpreet s.ngh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Wayne State University Detroit USA

The physical limitations of complementary metal-oxide semiconductor?(CMOs) technology have led many researchers to consider other alternative technologies. Quantum-dot cellular automate (QCA), single electron tunneling (sET), tunneling phase logic (TPL), spintronic devices, etc., are some of the nanotechnologies that are being considered as possible replacements for CMOs. In these nanotechnologies, the basic logic units used to implement circuits are majority and/or minority gates. several majority/minority logic circuit synthesis methods have been proposed. In this paper, we give a comparative study of the existing majority/minority logic circuit synthesis methods that are capable of synthesizing multi-input multi-output Boolean functions. Each of these methods is discussed in detail. The optimization priorities given to different factors such as gates, levels, inverters, etc., vary with technologies. Based on these optimization factors, the results obtained from different synthesis methods are compared. The paper also analyzes the optimization capabilities of different methods and discusses directions for future research in the synthesis of majority/minority logic networks.

关键词： Logic Design Logic Optimization Majority Logic Circuits Post-CMOs Technologies

Interconversion of two commonly used performance tools: An analysis of 5844 paired assessments in 1501 lung cancer patients

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2018年第7期9卷 140-147页

作者： Kuruswamy Thurai Prasad harpreet Kaur Valliappan Muthu Ashutosh Nath Aggarwal Digambar Behera Navneet s.ngh Department of Pulmonary Medicine Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER)

AIM To establish the Karnofsky performance status(KPs) categories which would facilitate the interconversion of the KPs scale to the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group(ECOG) performance status(Ps) *** This was a retrospective analysis of all patients attending the lung cancer clinic at a tertiary care center over a 5-year period(september 2009 to August 2014). All patients were assessed with both KPs and ECOG Ps scales at each visit. Correlation between KPs and ECOG Ps was assessed using spearman's correlation coefficient. KPs categories equivalent to ECOG Ps scores were compared using hit rate and weighted kappa(κw).REsULTs A total of 1501 patients were assessed over the study period, providing 5844 paired KPs and ECOG Ps assessments. The study cohort had a mean(standard deviation; sD) age of 58.4(10.8) years, with the majority being current or ex-smokers(76.9%) and males(82.3%). Non-small cell lung cancer was the most common histological type(n = 1196, 79.7%) with the majority having advanced(stage ⅢB/Ⅳ) disease(83.4%). Mean baseline KPs and ECOG Ps scores were 77.6(sD = 14.4) and 1.5(sD = 1) respectively. The most frequent KPs score was 80(29%), and the most frequent ECOG Ps score was 1(43%). The overall correlation between KPs and ECOG Ps was good(spearman r =-0.84, P sits. KPs categories derived from our cohort [10-40(ECOG 4), 50-60(ECOG 3), 70(ECOG 2), 80-90(ECOG 1), 100(ECOG 0)] performed better [hit rate 78.1%, κw = 0.749(0.736-0.762) P se suggested in the past *** The current study provides the largest set of paired KPs-ECOG assessments to date. We suggest that the KPs categories 10-40, 50-60, 70, 80-90, and 100 are equivalent to ECOG Ps categories of 4, 3, 2, 1, and 0 respectively.

关键词： Karnofsky performance status Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance status Lung cancer Chemotherapy