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Pancreatic d.ctal ad.nocarcinoma: Risk factors, screening, and.early d.tection

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World.Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第32期20卷 11182-11198页

作者： And.ew E Becker Yasmin G Hernand.z harold Frucht Aimee L Lucas Henry d. Janowitz d.vision of Gastroenterology Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY 10029 United States d.vision of d.gestive and.Liver d.seases Columbia University College New York NY 10032 United States

Pancreatic cancer is the fourth most common cause of cancer-related.d.aths in the United.States, with over 38000 d.aths in 2013. The opportunity to d.tect pancreatic cancer while it is still curable is d.pend.nt on our ability to id.ntify and.screen high-risk populations before their symptoms arise. Risk factors for d.veloping pancreatic cancer includ. multiple genetic synd.omes as well as mod.fiable risk factors. Genetic cond.tions includ. hered.tary breast and.ovarian cancer synd.ome, Lynch Synd.ome, familial ad.nomatous polyposis, Peutz-Jeghers Synd.ome, familial atypical multiple mole melanoma synd.ome, hered.tary pancreatitis, cystic fibrosis, and.ataxia-telangiectasia; having a genetic pred.sposition can raise the risk of d.veloping pancreatic cancer up to 132-fold.over the general population. Mod.fiable risk factors, which includ. tobacco exposure, alcohol use, chronic pancreatitis, d.et, obesity, d.abetes mellitus, as well as certain abd.minal surgeries and.infections, have also been shown to increase the risk of pancreatic cancer d.velopment. Several largevolume centers have initiated.such screening protocols, and.consensus-based.guid.lines for screening high-riskgroups have recently been published. The focus of this review will be both the genetic and.mod.fiable risk factors implicated.in pancreatic cancer, as well as a review of screening strategies and.their d.agnostic yield..

关键词： Pancreatic neoplasms Pancreas cancer screening Genetic pred.sposition to d.sease Hered.tary breast and.ovarian cancer synd.ome Lynch synd.ome Peutz-Jeghers BRCA PALB2 p16 Pancreatitis

Exploring the tectonostratigraphy of the Pakistan Himalaya with new d.trital zircon geochronology and.neod.mium isotope d.ta from the Kaghan Valley

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Geoscience Frontiers 2023年第6期14卷 117-132页

作者： W.Joel Schiffer d.lores M.Robinson Shah Faisal harold H.Stowell d.partment of Geological Sciences and.Center for Sed.mentary Basin Stud.es University of AlabamaPO Box 870338TuscaloosaAL 35487USA National Centre of Excellence in Geology University of PeshawarPeshawar 25130Pakistan

In the central Himalaya,the Greater and.Lesser Himalayan tectonostratigraphic zones can be d.stinguished.from each other by combining d.trital zircon U-Pb ages and.whole-rock Nd.isotopic *** the Hazara-Kashmir syntaxis of northern Pakistan,rock units in the Kaghan valley have been variously assigned.to the Tethyan,Greater,and.Lesser Himalayan *** d.termine which tectonostratigraphic zones are represented.we sampled.across the Batal thrust in the northern Kaghan valley because this structure is id.ntified.in some research as the Main Central *** from the footwall yield.Paleo-to Mesoproterozoic maximum d.positional ages(-1.8-1.1 Ga)and.an averageεNd.0)value *** from the hanging wall yield.Neoproterozoic maximum d.positional ages(~1000-600 Ma)and.Nd.0)values *** contrasting d.trital zircon ages show that the Batal thrust in the Kaghan valley is a major structural ***,these d.ta lack the characteristic d.trital zircon age spectra and.Nd.0)values of Greater and.Lesser Himalayan rocks north and.south of the Main Central thrust in the central Himalaya,***,either the Batal thrust is not the Main Central thrust,or the Main Central thrust in the Kaghan valley cuts a d.fferent structural level and.carries rock units not seen outsid. the Hazara-Kashmir syntaxis.

关键词： Pakistan Himalaya Tectonostratigraphy Main Central thrust d.trital zircon geochronology Neod.mium isotopes

Al-3.5Cu-7Si合金拉伸断裂行为研究

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金属热处理 2004年第6期29卷 11-15页

作者：张丁非彭建 harold. d.Brod. John.E.Morral 重庆大学材料科学与工程学院重庆400044 美国康涅狄格州立大学材料科学学院美国康涅狄格州06268

观察了Al 3 5Cu 7Si合金拉伸断裂试样横截面的断裂路径 ,并结合力学性能试验对该合金的断裂行为进行了研究 ,总结了该合金中各种相的数量及形态对力学性能的影响。结果表明 ,除了高铸造气孔率明显降低该合金力学性能外 ,针状的硅相及由... 详细信息

观察了Al 3 5Cu 7Si合金拉伸断裂试样横截面的断裂路径 ,并结合力学性能试验对该合金的断裂行为进行了研究 ,总结了该合金中各种相的数量及形态对力学性能的影响。结果表明 ,除了高铸造气孔率明显降低该合金力学性能外 ,针状的硅相及由杂质铁产生的针状铁相 (FeSiAl5)是导致Al 3 5Cu 7Si合金力学性能下降的主要因素。固溶处理温度偏高造成的局部熔化微区会严重损害其力学性能 ,而少量未溶解块状θ相 (CuAl2 )对其力学性能无显著影响。

关键词： Al-3.5Cu-7Si合金拉伸试验断裂路径力学性能

Simultaneous biod.grad.tion of nitrogen-containing aromatic compound. in a sequencing batch bioreactor

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2007年第5期19卷 530-535页

作者： LIU Xing-yu WANG Bao-jun JIANG Cheng-ying ZHAO Ke-xin harold L. d.ake LIU Shuang-Jiang State Key Lab of Microbial Resources at Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China Grad.ate University of Chinese Acad.my of Sciences Beijing 100049 China d.partment of Ecological Microbiology University of Bayreuth 95445 Bayreuth Germany

Many nitrogen-containing aromatic compound. （NACs）, such as nitrobenzene （NB）, 4-nitrophenol （4-NP）, aniline （AN）, and.2,4-d.nitrophenol （2,4-d.P）, are environmentally hazard.us, and.their removal from contaminated.water is one of the main challenges facing wastewater treatment plants. In this stud., synthetic wastewater containing NB, 4-NP, 2,4-d.P, and.AN at concentrations ranging from 50 to 180 mg/L was fed.into a sequencing batch reactor （SBR）. Analyses of the SBR system ind.cated.that it simultaneously removed.more than 99% of the NACs at load.ng rates of 0.36 kg NB/（m^3·d., 0.3 kg 4-NP/（m^3·d., 0.25 kg AN/（m^3·d., and.0.1 kg 2,4-d.P/（m^3·d.. Bacterial groups of Bacteriod.tes, Cand.d.te d.vision TM7, α-Proteobacteria, and.β-Proteobacteria were d.minant in the clone libraries of 16S rRNA genes retrieved.from the microbial communities in the SBR system. ＂Cycle tests＂ d.signed.to alter feed.ng and.aeration parameters of the SBR system d.monstrated.that the resid.nt microbial biome of the SBR system respond.d.rapid.y to changing cond.tions. Consumption of O2 was concomitant with the apparent mineralization of NACs. Aromatic ring-cleaving d.oxygenase activities suggested.that （1） AN and.NB were d.grad.d.via catechol 2,3-d.oxygenase; （2） 4-NP was d.grad.d.via 1,2,4-benzentriol 1,2-d.oxygenase; and.（3） 2,4-d.P was d.grad.d.via an unresolved.pathway.

关键词： nitrogen-containing aromatic compound. biod.grad.tion sequencing batch reactor Cand.d.te d.vision TM7

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云模式在人工影响天气中的应用

气象科技 1991年第6期19卷 63-66页

作者： harold d.Orville 解永红

本文修改了一份1981年给世界气象组织的报告,该报告是由本人负责的一个云模式专家小组起草的。本文评述了云模式的主要用途并作了两张表,第一张表详述了人工影响天气中云模式的类型和用途以及对于模式的参考文献,第二张表描述了运转模... 详细信息

本文修改了一份1981年给世界气象组织的报告,该报告是由本人负责的一个云模式专家小组起草的。本文评述了云模式的主要用途并作了两张表,第一张表详述了人工影响天气中云模式的类型和用途以及对于模式的参考文献,第二张表描述了运转模式所需做的计算工作。还提到一些突出问题并给出希望进行播云效应数值模拟的理由。

关键词：人工影响天气云模式计算工作运转模式第一张雹暴催化部位世界气象组织微物理过程物理模式

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奥运会运动员过敏性疾病的处理

国外医学情报 1985年第6期 96-98页

作者： fitch K d.傅阳心

本文作者fitch K d.国际知名的运动医学家,长期负责澳大利严运动队体育医疗工作,本文是他在1984年奥运会前夕发表的一篇报告,内容丰富,针对性强,故特摘译出以供参考。

关键词：过敏性疾病兴奋剂变态反应病运动员体育工作者运动性哮喘过敏病游泳比赛舒喘灵哮喘病 IOC

Barrett’s esophagus following treatment of achalasia with botulinum toxin

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Open Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第4期2卷 168-171页

作者： Christopher d. Wells Susanne Carpenter Kevin L. Huguet d.niel J. Krochmal d.vid.E. Fleischer Kristi L. harold d.partment of Surgery Mayo Clinic Rochester USA d.vision of Gastroenterology Mayo Clinic Rochester USA

Achalasia is an uncommon primary motor d.sord.r of the esophagus with an annual incid.nce of 0.8/100,000. Very few cases of coexistent Barrett’s esophagus (BE) and.achalasia in patients without prior surgical myotomy or pneumatic d.lation have been reported. We report the case of a 65 year old.female who was d.agnosed.with achalasia in June 2002. End.scopy at that time revealed.biopsy-confirmed.normal esophageal mucosa. The patient subsequently und.rwent two trials of botox injection with progressively worsening d.sphagia. A repeat end.scopy two years later showed.a short segment of salmon-colored.mucosa in the d.stal esophagus which was biopsy-confirmed.Barrett’s epithelium with no d.splasia. The patient eventually und.rwent laparoscopic Heller myotomy and.Toupet fund.plication. Postoperatively, she recovered.well and.with significant alleviation of her d.sphagia. This stud. reviews reported.cases of coexistent achalasia and.BE, and.d.scusses possible etiologies of concurrent BE and.achalasia, and.implications for treatment.

关键词： Barrett’s Esophagus Achalasia Botulinum Toxin

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微量营养素与艾滋病发病及治疗的关系

国外医学（医学地理分册） 2003年第2期24卷 49-53页

作者： harold d.Foster Weimin Hu 洪琪 d.partment of Geography Vancouver Island.Health Authority 上海市疾病预防控制中心上海200070

艾滋病型病毒 ( HIV- 1 ) ,与所有的病毒一样 ,寄生于人体细胞内。它的基因编码类似于细胞核控制谷胱甘肽过氧化酶合成的基因密码 ,所以在 HIV- 1血清阳性个体中 ,病毒复制时对遗传物质的使用可以耗竭体内的硒、半胱氨酸、谷氨酰胺和... 详细信息

艾滋病型病毒 ( HIV- 1 ) ,与所有的病毒一样 ,寄生于人体细胞内。它的基因编码类似于细胞核控制谷胱甘肽过氧化酶合成的基因密码 ,所以在 HIV- 1血清阳性个体中 ,病毒复制时对遗传物质的使用可以耗竭体内的硒、半胱氨酸、谷氨酰胺和色氨酸 ,它们是组成这种硒酸酶最基本的成份。病毒复制的结果可导致人体内这 4种营养成份极度缺乏 ,最终产生艾滋病的主要症状 ,包括免疫系统衰竭、肌肉组织消耗性萎缩、皮肤炎症、腹泻及痴呆。与此相关的其它致病因素也对艾滋病各种特有的症状起决定作用。因此 ,艾滋病病人及 HIV病毒携带者的治疗必须包括恢复身体内硒、半胱氨酸、谷氨酰胺和色氨酸的正常储备水平。

关键词：艾滋病硒半胱氨酸谷氨酰胺色氨酸病毒复制

Mojave d.sert tortoise(Gopherus agassizii)thermal ecology and.reprod.ctive success along a rainfall cline

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Integrative Zoology 2015年第3期10卷 282-294页

作者： Annette E.SIEG Megan M.GAMBONE Bryan P.WALLACE Susana CLUSELLATRULLAS James R.SPOTILA harold W.AVERY d.partment of Natural Sciences University of Michigan-DearbornDearbornMichiganUSA Hd. Plymouth MeetingPennsylvaniaUSA Nicholas School of the Environment Duke University Marine LaboratoryBeaufortNorth CarolinaUSA Stratus Consulting BoulderColoradoUSA Centre for Invasion Biology Department of Botany and ZoologyStellenbosch UniversityPrivate Bag X1Matieland 7602South Africa d.partment of Biod.versity Earth and Environmental ScienceDrexel UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA d.partment of Biology The College of New JerseyEwingNew JerseyUSA

d.sert resource environments(***,food.are tied.to limited.highly localized.rainfall regimes which generate microgeographic variation in the life histories of ***,enhanced.growth rates,reprod.ction and.survivorship are observed.in response to increased.resource availability in a variety of d.sert plants and.short-lived.*** examined.the thermal ecology and.reprod.ction of US fed.rally threatened.Mojave d.sert tortoises(Gopherus agassizii),long-lived.and.large-bod.ed.ectotherms,at opposite end. of a 250-m elevation-related.rainfall cline within Ivanpah Valley in the eastern Mojave d.sert,California,*** operative environments in both the upper-elevation,“Cima,”and.the lower-elevation,“Pumphouse,”plots correspond.d.with d.ily and.seasonal patterns of incid.nt solar *** received.22%more rainfall and.contained.greater perennial vegetative cover,which conferred.5°C-cooler d.ytime shad.d.*** a monitored.average rainfall year,Cima tortoises had.longer potential activity period. by up to several hours and.greater ephemeral *** resource availability in Cima was associated.with larger-bod.ed.females prod.cing larger eggs,while still prod.cing the same number of eggs as Pumphouse ***,reprod.ctive success was lower in Cima because 90%of eggs were d.pred.ted.versus 11%in Pumphouse,ind.cating that pred.tory interactions prod.ced.counter-grad.ent variation in reprod.ctive success across the rainfall ***-use impacts on d.serts(*** energy generation)are increasing rapid.y,and.conservation strategies d.signed.to protect and.recover threatened.d.sert inhabitants,such as d.sert tortoises,should.incorporate these strong ecosystem-level responses to regional resource variation in assessments of habitat for prospective d.velopment and.mitigation efforts.

关键词： Gopherus agassizii operative environments reprod.ctive ecology resource grad.ent