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Cl/S与Na相互作用对Shell气化炉合成气冷却器入口积灰机制的影响

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煤炭学报 2024年第5期49卷 2498-2506页

作者：蔡兴瑞王跃凤杜雨佳薛皓天贺冲卫月星李晓姣秦育红赵保明太原理工大学环境科学与工程学院山西太原030024 山西易通环能科技集团有限公司山西长治047100

Shell干粉煤加压气化是煤炭洁净高效利用的重要技术之一,由碱金属化合物引起的合成气冷却器入口积灰结垢是导致气化炉非正常停工检修的主要原因。以添加不同含量的Na、Cl和S的Shell气化炉飞灰为原料,利用自主设计的高温竖直炉中沉积探... 详细信息

Shell干粉煤加压气化是煤炭洁净高效利用的重要技术之一,由碱金属化合物引起的合成气冷却器入口积灰结垢是导致气化炉非正常停工检修的主要原因。以添加不同含量的Na、Cl和S的Shell气化炉飞灰为原料,利用自主设计的高温竖直炉中沉积探针模拟Shell气化炉合成气冷却器入口管路,通过对积灰进行内、外分层研究,探讨内外层积灰质量的变化,并结合ICP-MS、IC、SEM-EDS和XRD等表征手段对内外层积灰的理化性质进行比较分析,获得Na、Cl、S和Fe等不同元素之间的相互作用对积灰行为的影响。结果表明,内层积灰质量随时间延长而增大,含S化合物的添加会降低内外层积灰质量,且外层积灰质量会随着时间延长而减小。Na更多以铝硅酸盐形式在外层积灰中存在,促进积灰增长;Cl通常以碱金属氯化物的形式集中在初始黏性层;S的存在会减缓管路积灰;当Cl和S共同存在时,Fe易与灰中的Si、Al和Na形成多种低温共熔物促进内、外层积灰熔融。Shell气化炉合成气冷却器入口积灰形成机制为:飞灰颗粒组分在Na、Cl、Si和Al的共同作用下,于内层形成碱金属氯化物和铝硅酸盐共晶;同时Cl、S的存在促使Fe和Na迁移到这些共晶中,形成Fe-O-Si、Fe-O-S和Fe-Na-O-Al-S共熔体。进而,铝硅酸盐与多种低温共熔体相互熔融使灰颗粒尺寸增加,促进积灰的进一步生长。

关键词：积灰合成气冷却器 Shell气化炉 S Cl Na

添加农业废弃物配方基质的特性及其对牡丹生长的影响

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植物资源与环境学报 2024年第3期33卷 36-49页

作者：尤丽朱向涛张前前李永春陈霞薛浩天朱盼盼张可玥浙江农林大学环境与资源学院浙江杭州311300 浙江农林大学亚热带森林培育国家重点实验室浙江杭州311300 浙江农林大学暨阳学院浙江诸暨311800

利用农业废弃物稻壳和混合秸秆部分替代配方基质中泥炭,探究添加农业废弃物配方基质在牡丹(Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.)不同生长期的理化性质、水解酶活性以及碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)和水解酶活性的化学计量比的变化特征,分析基质的理化... 详细信息

利用农业废弃物稻壳和混合秸秆部分替代配方基质中泥炭,探究添加农业废弃物配方基质在牡丹(Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.)不同生长期的理化性质、水解酶活性以及碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)和水解酶活性的化学计量比的变化特征,分析基质的理化性质和C、N、P化学计量比以及牡丹外部形态指标与基质水解酶活性相关指标的相关性,并对牡丹外部形态特征进行综合评价。结果表明:从牡丹开花期至花芽分化期,与CK〔V(泥炭)∶V(珍珠岩)∶V(蛭石)=6∶2∶2〕配方基质相比较,T1〔V(泥炭)∶V(珍珠岩)∶V(蛭石)∶V(稻壳)=5∶2∶2∶1〕和T2〔V(泥炭)∶V(珍珠岩)∶V(蛭石)∶V(混合秸秆)=5∶2∶2∶1〕配方基质的全磷含量、铵态氮含量和β-1,4-N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶活性显著(P<0.05)升高,C/P比和N/P比总体显著下降,氮磷酶活性比(ENP)总体升高。从牡丹开花期至花芽分化期,3种配方基质中微生物受到的P限制转变为N限制,C限制逐渐加剧。其中,在开花期,T1和T2配方基质缓解了微生物受到的P限制;在开花期和叶片生长期,T1配方基质缓解了微生物受到的C限制;在花芽分化期,T1配方基质加剧了微生物受到的C限制。T1和T2配方基质中牡丹的最小叶宽和最小叶长总体较CK配方基质显著增加。总体上看,从牡丹开花期至花芽分化期,3种配方基质的pH值、含水量、β-1,4-葡萄糖苷酶活性、亮氨酸氨基肽酶活性、β-1,4-N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶活性、碳磷酶活性比(ECP)和ENP呈升高趋势,有机碳含量、全氮含量、铵态氮含量、C/N比、C/P比和N/P比呈先降低后升高的变化趋势,硝态氮含量呈降低趋势,碳氮酶活性比(ECN)呈先升高后降低的变化趋势。冗余分析结果显示牡丹外部形态指标受基质C/N比、ECN和ENP的显著影响。T1配方基质中牡丹外部形态指标的综合评价指数最高(0.82)。综上所述,稻壳部分替代泥炭用于牡丹的栽培基质增加了基质的全磷含量、铵态氮含量和β-1,4-N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶活性,明显缓解了P限制,提高了牡丹植株的综合性状,适宜部分替代泥炭作为牡丹的生长基质。

关键词：牡丹农业废弃物基质水解酶化学计量学养分限制

Rural Plan Implementation Based on Land Property Rights Innovation: A Case Study of Qinggangshu Village in Chengdu

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China City Planning Review 2018年第4期27卷 34-41页

作者： Wang Yue Liu Jian xue haotian Tan Zongbo Li Min School of Architecture Tsinghua University School of Architecture Tsing-hua University

As widely discussed, rural planning in China has for a long time adopted the mentality and methodology of urban planning, resulting in implementation inefficiency. By reviewing the practices of rural land reform and rural planning in Chengdu, this paper points out that the fact that rural planning often ignores land property rights is the crucial reason for the problems and that the recent reforms on rural land property rights remarkably promote the efficient implementation of rural plans. Taking Qinggangshu Village as an example, the paper argues that the policy innovation of Chengdu aiming at clarifying the physical boundaries, complete attributes, rich functions, and effective protection of land property rights is the key premise to guarantee the efficient implementation of rural plans, based on which the new land use mode, land capital management mode, and integrated rural governance mode would further ensure the sustainability of rural plan implementation. The policy innovation on land property rights provides a brand new perspective to the institutional design for rural plan implementation mechanism and can serve as a useful reference to other localities.

关键词： participatory planning rural governance rural planning empowerment subjectivity

Computational Study on Interaction Between Swimming Fish and Drifting Vortices Behind the Cylinder

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Transactions of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics 2022年第1期39卷 108-120页

作者： TONG Ying XIA Jian CHEN Long xue haotian College of Aerospace Engineering Nanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing 210016P.R.China Key Laboratory of Unsteady Aerodynamics and Flow Control of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Nanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing 210016P.R.China

To predict the flow evolution of fish swimming problems,a flow solver based on the immersed boundary lattice Boltzmann method is developed.A flexible iterative algorithm based on the framework of implicit boundary force correction is used to save the computational cost and memory,and the momentum forcing is described by a simple direct force formula without complicated integral calculation when the velocity correction at the boundary node is *** the presented flow solver,the hydrodynamic interaction between the fish-induced dynamic stall vortices and the incoming vortices in unsteady flow is *** simulation results unveil the mechanism of fish exploiting vortices to enhance their own hydrodynamic *** superior swimming performances originate from the relative movement between the“merged vortex”and the locomotion of the fishtail,which is controlled by the phase *** conditions of the“merged vortex”become the key factor for fish to exploit vortices to improve their swimming *** further discuss the effect of the principal components of *** the results,we conclude that lateral translation plays a crucial role in propulsion while body undulation in tandem with rotation and head motion reduce the locomotor cost.

关键词： immerse boundary lattice Boltzmann method complex deformable boundary fluid-fish interaction hydrodynamic mechanism bionic propulsion

Underestimated benefits of NO_(x) control in reducing SNA and O_(3) based on missing heterogeneous HONO sources

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第3期18卷 57-67页

作者： Shuping Zhang haotian Zheng Jun Liu Yao Shi Tianzeng Chen Chaoyang xue Fenfen Zhang Yueqi Jiang Xiangping Zhang Shovan Kumar Sahu Biwu Chu Jia Xing State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China China Academy of Civil Aviation Science and Technology Beijing 100028China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research Zhengzhou 450003China Centre for Climate Research Singapore Meteorological Service SingaporeSingapore 537054Singapore

Substantial NO_(x) emission mitigation is crucial for the synergistic reduction of particulate matter and ozone(O_(3))pollution in *** traditional air quality model does not consider heterogeneous HONO chemistry,leading to uncertainties in estimating the benefits of NO_(x) *** studies have shown that the parameterization of heterogeneous HONO formation increases both the simulated value of sulfate–nitrate–ammonium(SNA)and that of O_(3),thus adding the heterogeneous reactions of HONO into air quality models inevitably leads to changes in the estimated benefits of NO_(x) *** we investigated the changes in SNA and O_(3)concentrations from NO_(x) emission reduction before and after adding heterogeneous HONO reactions in the Community Multi-Scale Air Quality(CMAQ)*** heterogeneous HONO reactions in the simulation improved the benefits of NO_(x) reduction in terms of SNA control in *** 80%NO_(x) reduction,the reduction in SNA increased from 36.9%without considering heterogeneous HONO reactions to 42.8%with heterogeneous HONO *** reduction in the maximum daily 8h average(MDA8)O_(3)in summer caused by NO_(x) reduction increased slightly from 4.7%to 5.2%after adding heterogeneous HONO *** results in this study highlight the enhanced effectiveness of NO_(x) controls for the reduction of SNA and O_(3)after considering heterogeneous HONO formation in a complex chemical ambient,demonstrating the importance of NO_(x) controls in reducing PM2.5 and O_(3)pollution in China.

关键词： Heterogeneous HONO NO_(x) reduction PM_(2.5) O_(3)

Improving hydrogen evolution reaction efficiency through lattice tuning

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Nano Research 2024年第7期17卷 5907-5913页

作者： Zipeng Zhao haotian Liu Wenpei Gao Praveen Kolla Wang xue Zeyan Liu Jinghua Guo Sanjeev Mukerjee Xiaoqing Pan Qingying Jia Xiangfeng Duan Yu Huang Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCalifornia 90095USA Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science University of CaliforniaIrvineCalifornia 92697USA Materials Science and Engineering North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNorth Carolina 27695USA Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Northeastern UniversityBostonMassachusetts 02115USA Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCalifornia 90095USA Advanced Light Source Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCalifornia 94720USA Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of CaliforniaSanta CruzCalifornia 95064USA Department of Physics and Astronomy University of CaliforniaIrvineCalifornia 92697USA California Nanosystems Institute University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCalifornia 90095USA

The intermittent nature of renewable energy sources sets a requirement for efficient energy storage to mitigate the conflict between energy supply and *** is a promising choice for energy storage due to its high energy ***,the conversion of electrical energy to chemical energy stored in hydrogen through water electrolysis suffers from low efficiency,and the electricity cost dominates the total cost of hydrogen ***,we report the study of improving the hydrogen evolution reaction activity of Pt-based catalysts by building a nanoscale surface NiO and Pt interface,further optimizing the performance via tuning the lattice parameter of the core of nanoparticles,which can be achieved by varying the dealloying annealing *** optimized PtCuNi-O/C and PtNi-O/C catalysts are demonstrated to be one of the best catalysts,with a mass activity(MA)of 9.1 and 8.7 mA/μgPt,which is 9.9-fold and 9.5-fold of that of Pt/C,respectively.

关键词： lattice tuning Pt-based catalyst hydrogen evolution reaction electrocatalysis

Near-infrared electroluminescence of AlGaN capped InGaN quantum dots formed by controlled growth on photoelectrochemical etched quantum dot templates

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Photonics Research 2022年第1期10卷 33-40页

作者： XIONGLIANG WEI SYED AHMED AL MUYEED haotian xue ELIA PALMESE RENBO SONG NELSON TANSU JONATHAN J.WIERER,JR. Center for Photonics and Nanoelectronics Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringLehigh UniversityBethlehemPennsylvania 18015USA School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering The University of AdelaideAdelaideSA 5005Australia Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing The University of AdelaideAdelaideSA 5005Australia

Near-infrared electroluminescence of InGaN quantum dots(QDs)formed by controlled growth on photoelectrochemical(PEC)etched QD templates is *** QD template consists of PEC InGaN QDs with high density and controlled sizes,an AlGaN capping layer to protect the QDs,and a GaN barrier layer to planarize the *** transmission electron microscopy(STEM)of Stranski-Krastanov(SK)growth on the QD template shows high-In-content InGaN QDs that align vertically to the PEC QDs due to localized strain.A highAl-content A1_(0.9)Ga_(0.1)N capping layer prevents the collapse of the SK QDs due to intermixing or decomposition during higher temperature GaN growth as verified by *** of low-temperature(830℃)p-type layers is used to complete the p-n junction and further ensure QD ***,electroluminescence shows a significant wavelength shift(800 nm to 500 nm),caused by the SK QDs’tall height,high In content,and strong polarization-induced electric fields.

关键词： AlGaN polarization template

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中国足协引援调节费制度的法律问题评析

成都体育学院学报 2019年第3期45卷 23-29页

作者：翁武耀薛皓天中国政法大学民商经济法学院

中国足协近年来出台的引援调节费制度因其无对价、经济诱导性以及专款专用等特征,在法律上应定性为管制性特别公课。文章从法律视角审视了调节费的法律属性,探寻其在足协《章程》以及现行法律法规中的合法性地位,并基于比例原则从以下... 详细信息

中国足协近年来出台的引援调节费制度因其无对价、经济诱导性以及专款专用等特征,在法律上应定性为管制性特别公课。文章从法律视角审视了调节费的法律属性,探寻其在足协《章程》以及现行法律法规中的合法性地位,并基于比例原则从以下三方面分析其是否具有合理性:(1)妥当性,由于调节费规则存在缺漏等问题,在实践中引发俱乐部的疑似规避行为,不利于达成政策目标;(2)必要性,相比于调节费制度,国外对市场主体行为干预力更小的财政公平制度以及更强调各方协商的工资帽、奢侈税制度,显示出更大的优越性;(3)狭义比例性,费率设置过高、对俱乐部预期利益的忽视及反"避税"措施的不精细,使得调节费的制度成本将超出其实施效果。进而据此提出相应建言。

关键词：中国足协引援调节费合法性规避行为比例原则

基于隐式扩散的直接力格式浸没边界格子Boltzmann方法

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力学学报 2022年第1期54卷 94-105页

作者：佟莹夏健陈龙薛浩天南京航空航天大学航空学院非定常空气动力学与流动控制工业和信息化部重点实验室南京210016

采用浸没边界格子Boltzmann (immersed boundary-lattice Boltzmann, IB-LB)模型执行动边界绕流数值模拟时,信息交互界面和边界力计算格式直接影响流动求解器的数值精度和计算效率.基于隐式扩散界面,一种改进的直接力格式IB-LB模型被提... 详细信息

采用浸没边界格子Boltzmann (immersed boundary-lattice Boltzmann, IB-LB)模型执行动边界绕流数值模拟时,信息交互界面和边界力计算格式直接影响流动求解器的数值精度和计算效率.基于隐式扩散界面,一种改进的直接力格式IB-LB模型被提出.边界力表达式基于欧拉/拉格朗日变量同一性准则推导,转换矩阵描述的信息交互界面耦合了拉格朗日节点间的非同步运动.采用Richardson迭代数值求解关联边界力与无滑移速度约束的线性方程组,不仅克服了传统速度修正格式中矩阵求逆引起的计算效率问题,而且摆脱了算法稳定性对拉格朗日点分布的依赖.根据解析解已知的Taylor-Green涡流评估本文模型的数值模拟精度,结果表明改进的IB模型能够完整保留背景LB模型的二阶数值精度.静止圆柱和振荡圆柱绕流数值实验结果表明,当前模型在涉及复杂外形和运动界面的流动模拟中能够提供可靠的数值预测,满足力同一性的IB-LB模型能够有效抑制非定常流体力的伪物理震荡.波动翼型绕流模拟验证了当前模型的实用性,可在大变形柔性体流固耦合动力学问题中进一步推广.

关键词：格子Boltzmann方法浸没边界方法隐式扩散界面直接力格式可变形运动边界