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Microenvironmental time-activity patterns in Chongqing,China

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2009年第2期3卷 200-209页

作者： Yu Zhao Shuxiao WANG Gangcai CHEN Fei WANG Kristin AUNAN jiming hao Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Institute of Environmental Science and Technology of Chongqing Chongqing 630020China Center for International Climate and Environmental Research P O Box 1129 Blindern0318 OsloNorway

An investigation using recall questionnaires was conducted in winter and autumn 2006 to evaluate the time-activity patterns in Chongqing,*** average time spent in seven microenvironments(MEs)including outdoors,transit,living room,bedroom,kitchen,classroom/office,and other indoors were found to be about 3.5,1.1,2.5,9.7,1.4,4.2,and 1.7 h per day,*** to the results of a nonparametric test,the sampling period and day of week were significant for the variation of the time spent in all MEs except for transit and *** time budget was analyzed using a general linear model(GLM),which exhibited significant variability by demographic factors such as gender,age,residence,education,and household income.

关键词： time-activity patterns microenvironment general linear model(GLM) Chongqing China

Chemical poison and regeneration of SCR catalysts for NOx removal from stationary sources

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2016年第3期10卷 413-427页

作者： Junhua LI Yue PENG Huazhen CHANG Xiang LI John C. CRITTENDEN jiming hao State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China School of Civil and Environmental Engineering and the Brook Byers Institute for Sustainable Systems Georgia Institute of Technology 800 West Peachtree Street Suite 400 F-H Atlanta GA 30332-0595 United States School of Environment and Natural Resource Renmin University of China Beijing 100872 China

Selective catalytic reduction （SCR） of NOx with NH3 is an effective technique to remove NOx from stationary sources, such as coal-fired power plant and industrial boilers. Some of elements in the fly ash deactivate the catalyst due to strong chemisorptions on the active sites. The poisons may act by simply blocking active sites or alter the adsorption behaviors of reactants and products by an electronic interaction. This review is mainly focused on the chemical poisoning on V2O5-based catalysts, environmental-benign catalysts and low temperature catalysts. Several common poisons including alkali/alkaline earth metals, SO2 and heavy metals etc. are referred and their poisoning mechanisms on catalysts are discussed. The regeneration methods of poisoned catalysts and the development of poison-resistance catalysts are also compared and analyzed. Finally, future research directions in developing poisoning resistance catalysts and facile efficient regeneration methods for SCR catalysts are proposed.

关键词： flue gas DeNOx SCR catalyst poison and regeneration

Selective catalytic reduction of NO_(x) from exhaust of lean-burn engine over Ag-Al_(2)O_(3)/cordierite catalyst

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2007年第2期1卷 143-146页

作者： LI Junhua KANG Shoufang FU Lixin hao jiming Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

A highly effective Ag-A_(2)O_(3) catalyst was pre-pared using the in-situ sol-gel method,and characterized by surface area using nitrogen adsorption,scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and transmission electron microscopy(TEM)*** catalyst performance was tested on a real lean-burn gasoline *** unburned hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide in the exhaust were directly used as reductant(without any external reductant),the maximum NO_(x) conversion could only reach 40% at 450°*** an external reductant,ethanol was added,the average NO_(x) con-version was greater than 60%.At exhaust gas temperature range of 350-500°C,the maximum NO_(x) conversion reached about 90%.CO and HC could be efficiently oxidized with Pt-_(2)O_(3) oxidation catalyst placed at the end of SCR ***,NOx conversion drastically decreased because of the oxidation of some intermediates to NOx *** possible reaction mechanism was proposed as two typical processes,nitration,and reduction in HC-SCR over Ag-Al_(2)O_(3).

关键词： Ag-Al_(2)O_(3) selective catalytic reduction of NO ethanol lean-burn engine

Cost dynamics of onshore wind energy in the context of China's carbon neutrality target

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Environmental Science and Ecotechnology 2024年第3期19卷 109-117页

作者： Shi Chen Youxuan Xiao Chongyu Zhang Xi Lu Kebin He jiming hao School of Environment State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution ControlTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China Beijing Laboratory of Environmental Frontier Technologies Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China Institute for Carbon Neutrality Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China

Wind energy has become one of the most important measures for China to achieve its carbon neutrality *** spatial and temporal evolvement of economic competitiveness for wind energy becomes an important concern in shaping the decarbonization pathway in *** has been an urgent need in power system planning to model the future dynamics of cost decline and supply potential for wind power in the context of carbon neutrality until *** studies often fail to capture the rapid decline in the cost of wind power generation in recent years,and the prediction of wind power cost decline is more conservative than the *** study constructs an integrated model to evaluate the cost-competitiveness and grid parity potential of China's onshore wind electricity at fine spatial resolution with updated *** indicate that the total onshore wind potential amounts to 54.0 *** average levelized cost of wind power is expected to decline from CNY 0.39 kWh^(-1)in 2020 to CNY 0.30 and CNY 0.21 kWh^(-1)in 2030 and 2060.28.3%,67.6%,and 97.6%of the technical potentials hold power costs lower than coal power in 2020,2030,and 2060.

关键词： Wind power Carbon neutrality Electricity potential Economic competitiveness Grid parity

Status quo of soil petroleum contamination and evolution of bioremediation

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Petroleum Science 2011年第4期8卷 502-514页

作者： Du Weidong Wan Yunyang Zhong Ningning Fei Jiajia ZhangZhihuan Chen Lijun hao jiming State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resource and Prospecting College of Geosciences China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

Along with the rapid development of oil industries internationally,petroleum prospecting and exploitation activities are growing *** in China,with the fastest economic growth in the world and shortage of petroleum resources,we are leading the practices of petroleum deep ***,the risk of damage to the natural environment from these activities is *** contamination in soils and groundwater is becoming a big issue along with pesticide pollution,which makes organic pollution prevention and control （OPPC） much more *** this paper,based on recent research on oil-contaminated soil at home and abroad,we make comments on the remediation technologies for polluted soil,emphasizing bioremediation techniques and degradation mechanisms in order to push forward research into bound organic pollution prevention and control （OPPC）,especially in China.

关键词： Soil pollution crude oil bioremediation organic pollution biotransformation polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Real-Time Black Carbon Emissions from Light-Duty Passenger Vehicles Using a Portable Emissions Measurement System

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Engineering 2022年第9期16卷 73-81页

作者： Xuan Zheng Liqiang He Xiaoyi He Shaojun Zhang Yihuan Cao jiming hao Ye Wu College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China School of Environment State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution ControlTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Center for Sustainable Systems School for Environment and SustainabilityUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109-1041USA State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Beijing 100084China

Black carbon(BC)is considered the second largest anthropogenic climate forcer,but the radiative effects of BC are highly correlated with its combustion ***-road vehicles are an important source of anthropogenic ***,there are major uncertainties in the estimates of the BC emissions from on-road light-duty passenger vehicles(LDPVs),and results obtained with the portable emissions measurement system(PEMS)method are particularly *** developed a PEMS platform and evaluated the on-road BC emissions from ten in-use *** demonstrated that the BC emission factors(EFs)of gasoline direction injection(GDI)engine vehicles range from 1.10 to 1.56 ***^(-1),which are higher than the EFs of port fuel injection(PFI)engine vehicles(0.10–0.17 ***^(-1))by a factor of *** BC emissions during the cold-start phase contributed 2%–33%to the total emissions.A strong correlation(R^(2)=0.70)was observed between the relative BC EFs and average vehicle speed,indicating that traffic congestion alleviation could effectively mitigate BC ***,BC and particle number(PN)emissions were linearly correlated(R^(2)=0.90),and compared to PFI engine vehicles,the instantaneous PN-to-BC emission rates of GDI engine vehicles were less sensitive to vehicle specific power-to-velocity(VSPV)increase in all speed ranges.

关键词： Black carbon Light-duty gasoline vehicles Portable emissions measurement system Real-time emissions

Real-world fuel efficiency and exhaust emissions of light-duty diesel vehicles and their correlation with road conditions

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2012年第5期24卷 865-874页

作者： Jingnan Hu Ye Wu Zhishi Wang Zhenhua Li Yu Zhou Haitao Wang Xiaofeng Bao jiming hao Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing 100012 China School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Faculty of Science and Technology University of Macao Macao SAR China

The real-world fuel efficiency and exhaust emission profiles of CO, HC and NOx for light-duty diesel vehicles were investigated. Using a portable emissions measurement system, 16 diesel taxies were tested on different roads in Macao and the data were normalized with the vehicle specific power bin method. The 11 Toyota Corolla diesel taxies have very good fuel economy of （5.9 ± 0.6） L/100 km, while other five diesel taxies showed relatively high values at （8.5 ± 1.7） L/100 km due to the variation in transmission systems and emission control strategies. Compared to similar Corolla gasoline models, the diesel cars confirmed an advantage of ca. 20% higher fuel efficiency. HC and CO emissions of all the 16 taxies are quite low, with the average at （0.05 ± 0.02） g/km and （0.38 ± 0.15） g/km, respectively. The average NOx emission factor of the 11 Corolla taxies is （0.56 ± 0.17） g/km, about three times higher than their gasoline counterparts. Two of the three Hyundai Sonata taxies, configured with exhaust gas recirculation （EGR）＋ diesel oxidation catalyst （DOC） emission control strategies, indicated significantly higher NO2 emissions and NO2/NOx ratios than other diesel taxies and consequently trigger a concern of possibly adverse impacts on ozone pollution in urban areas with this technology combination. A clear and similar pattern for fuel consumption and for each of the three gaseous pollutant emissions with various road conditions was identified. To save energy and mitigate CO2 emissions as well as other gaseous pollutant emissions in urban area, traffic planning also needs improvement.

关键词： portable emissions measurement system fuel consumption NOx road conditions diesel taxi

Effect of aluminium dust on secondary organic aerosol formation in m-xylene/NO_x photo-oxidation

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Science China Earth Sciences 2015年第2期58卷 245-254页

作者： LIU Chang MA QingXin CHU BiWu LIU YongChun HE Hong ZHANG XiaoYe LI JunHua hao jiming Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Environment Tsinghua University

As an important anthropogenic volatile organic compound(VOC), m-xylene has attracted numerous attentions due to its potential in secondary organic aerosol(SOA) formation. In this study, effects of aluminium dust seeds(boehmite and alumina) on SOA yield and aerosol size in m-xylene/NOx photo-oxidation were investigated in a 2 m3 smog chamber at 30°C and 50% relative humidity. Compared to the seed-free system, the presence of aluminium seeds resulted in an increase in the SOA yield, and also enhanced the O3 concentration in the chamber. The photolysis of O3 is a major source of OH radical, which is the most important oxidant of m-xylene. The increase in O3 concentration could result in the generation of more OH radicals, and finally contribute to the SOA formation. Seed particles influence the SOA size mainly by acting as condensation nuclei. Semi-volatile organic compounds(SVOCs) were condensed onto these nuclei, resulting in the increase in SOA size. However, when aluminium seeds with high concentrations were introduced into the system, SVOCs that had been condensed onto each particle were dispersed by these seeds, leading to the reduction in aerosol size.

关键词： aerosol xylene chamber aluminium anthropogenic volatile nuclei humidity dispersed oxidant

Air pollution and its control in China

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2007年第2期1卷 129-142页

作者： hao jiming HE Kebin DUAN Lei LI Junhua WANG Litao Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

The rapid growth of China’s economy has led to severe air pollution characterized by acid rain,severe pollu-tion in cities,and regional air *** concentrations are found for various pollutants such as sulfur dioxides(SO2),nitrogen oxides(NOx),and fine *** efforts have thus been undertaken for the control of air pollution in the *** paper discusses the development and application of appropriate technologies for reducing the major pollutants produced by coal and vehicles,and investi-gates air quality modeling as an important support for policy-making.

关键词： air pollution particle emission control SO_(2)emission control vehicle emission control air quality modeling China