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Challenges and perspectives of air pollution control in China

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第6期18卷 9-16页

作者： Bin Zhao Shuxiao Wang jiming hao State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Beijing 100084China

Air pollution is one of the most challenging environmental issues in the *** has achieved remarkable success in improving air quality in last decade as a result of aggressive air pollution control ***,the average fine particulate matter(PM2.5)concentration in China is still about six times of the World Health Organization(WHO)Global Air Quality Guidelines(AQG)and causing significant human health *** emission reductions of multiple air pollutants are required for China to achieve the *** we identify the major challenges in future air quality improvement and propose corresponding control *** main challenges include the persistently high health risk attributed to PM2.5 pollution,the excessively loose air quality standards,and coordinated control of air pollution,greenhouse gases(GHGs)emissions and emerging *** further improve air quality and protect human health,a health-oriented air pollution control strategy shall be implemented by tightening the air quality standards as well as optimizing emission reduction pathways based on the health risks of various *** the meantime,an“oneatmosphere”concept shall be adopted to strengthen the synergistic control of air pollutants and GHGs and the control of non-combustion sources and emerging pollutants shall be enhanced.

关键词： Air pollution China Health impact Air quality standards GHGs Emerging pollutants

Complete oxidation of methane on Co_(3)O_(4)-SnO_(2) catalysts

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2009年第3期3卷 265-270页

作者： Xingfu TANG jiming hao Junhua LI Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Co_(3)O_(4)-SnO_(2)hybrid oxides were prepared by the coprecipitation method and were used to oxidate methane(CH4)in presence of *** Co_(3)O_(4)-SnO_(2)with a molar ratio of Co/(Co+Sn)at 0.75 exhibited the highest catalytic activity among all the Co_(3)O_(4)-SnO_(2)hybrid *** results showed that the catalysts were considerably stable in the CH4 combustion reaction,and were verified by X-ray photoelectron spectra(XPS).It was found that Co_(3)O_(4)was the active species,and SnO_(2)acted as a support or a promoting component in the Co_(3)O_(4)-SnO_(2)hybrid *** surface area was not a major factor that affected catalytic *** hydrogen temperatureprogrammed reduction(H_(2)-TPR)results demonstrated that the interaction between cobalt and tin oxides accelerated the mobility of oxygen species of Co_(3)O_(4)-SnO_(2),leading to higher catalytic activity.

关键词： Co_(3)O_(4)-SnO_(2) complete oxidation methane(CH_(4))

Review on the applications of Tropospheric Emissions Spectrometer to air-quality research:Perspectives for China

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2010年第1期4卷 12-19页

作者： Yuxuan WANG Yuqiang ZHANG jiming hao Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

The Tropospheric Emissions Spectrometer(TES)aboard the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's(NASA's)Aura satellite launched in July 2004 is the first satellite instrument to provide simultaneous retrievals of ozone(O_(3))and carbon monoxide(CO)throughout the Earth’s lower *** paper briefly reviews the TES instrument,the retrieval of O_(3)and CO profiles,and the validation of the *** applications of TES O_(3)and CO products include mapping the vertical and horizontal distribution of tropospheric O_(3)and CO and their correlations,examining the regional and continental outflow,and analyzing the variability of the two species associated with certain weather and climatic conditions,such as El Niño and the Asian *** retrievals of O_(3)and CO offer an important new source of satellite data over China with good spatial and temporal coverage that can provide evaluation and constraints on the performance of chemical transport models in simulating the general features of ozone pollution over *** observations have been conducted and requests may be submitted to the TES team to make geographically focused observations of O_(3)and CO over China.

关键词： Tropospheric Emissions Spectrometer(TES) ozone carbon monoxide China

Ozone and secondary organic aerosol formation potential from anthropogenic volatile organic compounds emissions in China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第3期29卷 224-237页

作者： WenJing Wu Bin Zhao Shuxiao Wang jiming hao State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Beijing 100084China Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality Tsinghua UniversityBeijin9 100084China Joint Institute for Earth System Science and Engineering Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095USA.

Volatile organic compounds （VOCs） are major precursors for ozone and secondary organic aerosol （SOA）, both of which greatly harm human health and significantly affect the Earth＇s climate. We simultaneously estimated ozone and SOA formation from anthropogenic VOCs emissions in China by employing photochemical ozone creation potential （POCP） values and SOA yields. We gave special attention to large molecular species and adopted the SOA yield curves from latest smog chamber experiments. The estimation shows that alkylbenzenes are greatest contributors to both ozone and SOA formation （36.0% and 51.6%, respectively）, while toluene and xylenes are largest contributing individual VOCs. Industry solvent use, industry process and domestic combustion are three sectors with the largest contributions to both ozone （24.7%, 23.0% and 17.8%, respectively） and SOA （22.9%, 34.6% and 19.6%, respectively） formation. In terms of the formation potential per unit VOCs emission, ozone is sensitive to open biomass burning, transportation, and domestic solvent use, and SOA is sensitive to industry process, domestic solvent use, and domestic combustion. Biomass stoves, paint application in industrial protection and buildings, adhesives application are key individual sources to ozone and SOA formation, whether measured by total contribution or contribution per unit VOCs emission. The results imply that current VOCs control policies should be extended to cover most important industrial sources, and the control measures for biomass stoves should be tightened. Finally, discrepant VOCs control policies should be implemented in different regions based on their ozone/aerosol concentration levels and dominant emission sources for ozone and SOA formation potential.

关键词： Volatile organic compounds (VOCs)OzoneSecondary organic aerosol (SOA)Formation potentialControl strategy

Second organic aerosol formation from the ozonolysis of α-pinene in the presence of dry submicron ammonium sulfate aerosol

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2008年第10期20卷 1183-1188页

作者： Zhao Zhe hao jiming LI Junhua WU Shan Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing l00084 China

An indoor chamber facility is described for investigation of atmospheric aerosol chemistry. Two sets of α-pinene ozonolysis experiments were conducted in the presence of dry ammonium sulfate seed particle: ozone limited experiments and α-pinene limited experiments. The concentration of gas phase and particle phase species was monitored continuously by on-line instruments and recorded automatically by data sampling system. The evolution of size distribution was measured by a scanning mobility particle sizer ...

关键词： α-pinene ozonolysis secondary organic aerosol (SOA) chamber experiment seed particles

Impact of energy structure adjustment on air quality:a case study in Beijing,China

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2011年第3期5卷 378-390页

作者： Bin Zhao Jiayu XU jiming hao School of Environment Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Energy consumption is a major cause of air pollution in Beijing,and the adjustment of the energy structure is of strategic importance to the reduction of carbon intensity and the improvement of air *** this paper,we explored the future trend of energy structure adjustment in Beijing till 2020,designed five energy scenarios focusing on the fuel substitution in power plants and heating sectors,established emission inventories,and utilized the Mesoscale Modeling System Generation 5(MM5)and the Models-3/Community Multiscale Air Quality Model(CMAQ)to evaluate the impact of these measures on air *** implementing this systematic energy structure adjustment,the emissions of PM_(10),PM_(2.5),SO_(2),NO_(x),and non-methane volatile organic compounds(NMVOCs)will decrease distinctly by 34.0%,53.2%,78.3%,47.0%,and 30.6%respectively in the most coalintensive scenario of 2020 compared with ***,MM5-Models-3/CMAQ simulations indicate significant reduction in the concentrations of major pollutants,implying that energy structure adjustment can play an important role in improving Beijing’s air *** fuel substitution for power plants and heating boilers,PM_(10),PM_(2.5),SO_(2),NO_(x),and NMVOCs will be reduced further,but slightly by 1.7%,4.5%,11.4%,13.5%,and 8.8%respectively in the least coal-intensive *** air quality impacts of different scenarios in 2020 resemble each other,indicating that the potential of air quality improvement due to structure adjustment in power plants and heating sectors is ***,the CO_(2) emission is 10.0%lower in the least coal-intensive scenario than in the most coal-intensive one,contributing to Beijing’s ambition to build a low carbon *** for energy structure adjustment,it is necessary to take further measures to ensure the attainment of air quality standards.

关键词： Beijing energy structure adjustment air quality Community Multiscale Air Quality Model(CMAQ) scenario

Size distribution, characteristics and sources of heavy metals in haze episod in Beijing

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2014年第1期26卷 189-196页

作者： Jingchun Duan Jihua Tan jiming hao Fahe Chai State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Environment Tsinghua University

Size segragated samples were collected during high polluted winter haze days in 2006 in Beijing, China. Twenty nine elements and 9 water soluble ions were determined. Heavy metals of Zn, Pb, Mn, Cu, As, Cr, Ni, V and Cd were deeply studied considering their toxic effect on human being. Among these heavy metals, the levels of Mn, As and Cd exceeded the reference values of National Ambient Air Quality Standard （GB3095-2012） and guidelines of World Health Organization. By estimation, high percentage of atmospheric heavy metals in PM2.5 indicates it is an effective way to control atmospheric heavy metals by PM2.5 controlling. Pb, Cd, and Zn show mostly in accumulation mode, V, Mn and Cu exist mostly in both coarse and accumulation modes, and Ni and Cr exist in all of the three modes. Considering the health effect, the breakthrough rates of atmospheric heavy metals into pulmonary alveoli are： Pb （62.1%）〉 As （58.1%）〉 Cd （57.9%）〉 Zn （57.7%）〉 Cu （55.8%）〉 Ni （53.5%）〉 Cr （52.2%）〉 Mn （49.2%）〉 V （43.5%）. Positive matrix factorization method was applied for source apportionment of studied heavy metals combined with some marker elements and ions such as K, As, SO42- etc., and four factors （dust, vehicle, aged and transportation, unknown） are identified and the size distribution contribution of them to atmospheric heavy metals are discussed.

关键词： source apportionment positive matrix factorization PM2.5 water soluble ion health effect

An optimized two-step derivatization method for analyzing diethylene glycol ozonation products using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第3期29卷 313-321页

作者： Ran Yu Lei Duan Jingkun Jiang jiming hao State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Beijing 100084China

The ozonation of hydroxyl compounds （e.g., sugars and alcohols） gives a broad range of products such as alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic adds. This study developed and optimized a two-step derivatization procedure for analyzing polar products of aldehydes and carboxylic acids from the ozonation of diethylene glycol （DEG） in a non-aqueous environment using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Experiments based on Central Composite Design with response surface methodology were carried out to evaluate the effects of derivatization variables and their interactions on the analysis. The most desirable derivati- zation conditions were reported, i.e., oximation was performed at room temperature overnight with the o-（2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl） hydroxyl amine to analyte molar ratio of 6, silylation reaction temperature of 70℃, reaction duration of 70 min, and N,O-bis（trimethylsilyl）- trifluoroacetamide volume of 12.5 μL. The applicability of this optimized procedure was verified by analyzing DEG ozonation products in an ultrafine condensation particle counter simulation system.

关键词： Gas chromatography-massspectrometryResponse surface methodologyCentral Composite DesignDiethylene glycol ozonation

A guide to shortening the time from submission to publication in Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2020年第2期14卷 5-7页

作者： Jiao Zhang Xia Huang jiming hao John CCrittenden School of Environment Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Brook Byers Institute for Sustainable Systems Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA 30332USA

Authors want to publish their work as soon as ***,the manuscript processing time increases if the manuscript does not meet the journal *** analysis of manuscripts submitted to Frontiers o f Environmental Science&Engineering from November 2018 to July 2019 shows that the processing time was increased up to 33 days because the manuscripts:(1)had inconsistent formatting of citations,references,and units,(2)exceeded the word limit,(3)were missing information such as the graphical abstract,(4)plagiarized other papers,and(5)had too many tables and ***,we explain how authors can avoid these issues and decrease the manuscript processing time.

关键词： Manuscript Technical evaluation Technical review Return Time Reason Journal