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Effects of temperature,pH and O_(2) on the removal of hydrogen sulfide from biogas by external biological desulfurization in a full scale fixed-bed trickling bioreactor(FBTB)

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2013年第1期6卷 69-81页

作者： hans-joachim naegele Jonas Lindner Wolfgang Merkle Andreas Lemmer Thomas Jungbluth Claus Bogenrieder University of Hohenheim State Institute for Agricultural Engineering and BioenergyGarbenstraße 9 StuttgartBaden-WürttembergDE 70599 Germany Züblin Umwelttechnik GmbH UmwelttechnikOtto-Dürr-Straße 1StuttgartBaden-WürttembergDE 70435 Germany

Hydrogen sulfide(H_(2)S)is a critical component of biogas formed under anaerobic conditions by sulfur and sulfate reducing bacteria from animal manure and renewable energy crops.H_(2)S causes high corrosion in equipment,has a negative environmental impact,inhibits the biogas formation process and is furthermore odorous and *** several methods for internal and external desulfurization found their way into practice and had been explored at laboratory scale,no data were available on the performance of such methods in full scale practice,especially for an external fixed-bed trickling bioreactor(FBTB).The effects of temperature,pH and air ratio on H_(2)S removal efficiency(RE)were *** study was conducted at a research biogas plant with a given output of 96 m^(3) biogas per hour,and an H_(2)S concentration ranging between 500 ppm and 600 ppm(1 ppm=1 cm^(3)/m^(3))on *** FBTB column has been designed to hold a packing volume of 2.21 m^(3) at a gas retention time of 84 seconds being loaded at an average of 32.88 g H_(2)S/(m^(3)·h).The highest H_(2)S RE of 98% was found at temperatures between 30℃ and 40℃.A major decline in RE to 21%-45%was observed at temperatures from 5℃ to 25℃.The results clearly showed a temperature optimum range for sulfate reducing *** results reveal that RE is little affected by different pH values and air *** the experimental period,the practical suitability of the FBTB system could be proved while avoiding the disadvantages of internal biological desulfurization methods.

关键词： external biological desulfurization fixed-bed trickling bioreactor(FBTB) H_(2)S removal efficiency(RE) hydrogen sulfide biogas full scale biogas research plant

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Building Blocks of Nature

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Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology 2024年第3期10卷 1226-1303页

作者： hans joachim Dudek Retired Auf dem Komp Germany

By means of a representation of the elementary objects by the Lagrange density and by the commutators of the communication relations, correlations can be formed using the Fourier transform, which under the conditions of the Hamilton principle, describes correlation structures of the elementary objects with oscillator properties. The correlation structures obtained in this way are characterized by physical information, the essential component of which is the action. The correlation structures describe the physical properties and their interactions under the sole condition of the Hamilton’s principle. The structure, the properties and the interactions of elementary objects can be led back in this way to a fundamental four dimensional structure, which is therefore in their different modifications the building block of nature. With the presented method, an alternative interpretation of elementary physical effects to quantum mechanics is obtained. This report provides an overview of the fundamentals and statements of physical information theory and its consequences for understanding the nature of elementary objects.

关键词： Hamilton Principle as Global Law in Physics Physical Information Generated by Action Correlation Space Mass and Charge Formation Interpretation of Physical Effects

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The effect of Laves phases and nano-precipitates on the electrochemical corrosion resistance of Mg-Al-Ca alloys under alkaline conditions

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第6期12卷 2447-2461页

作者： Markus Felten Veronika Chaineux Siyuan Zhang Ali Tehranchi Tilmann Hickel Christina Scheu Joshua Spille Marta Lipińska-Chwałek joachim Mayer Benjamin Berkels Marcus hans Imke Greving Silja Flenner Sandra Sefa Daniela Zander Chair of Corrosion and Corrosion Protection RWTH Aachen UniversityAachen 52072 Germany Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH Düsseldorf 40237 Germany Central Facility for Electron Microscopy RWTH Aachen UniversityAachen 52074 Germany Ernst Ruska-Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbHJülich 52428Germany Mathematical Image and Signal Processing Aachen Institute for Advanced Study in Computational Engineering ScienceRWTH Aachen UniversityAachen 52062 Germany Materials Chemistry RWTH Aachen UniversityAachen 52074 Germany Institute of Materials Physics Helmholtz-Zentrum HereonGeesthacht 21502 Germany

The electrochemical corrosion mechanisms of Mg alloys were extensively studied in previous investigations of different chemical com-positions,modified surface states and various electrolyte ***,recent research focused on the active state of Mg dissolution,leading to unresolved effects of secondary phases adjacent to a stableα-solid solution passive *** present study investigates the fundamental electrochemical corrosion mechanisms of three different Laves phases with varying phase morphologies and phase fractions in the passive state of Mg-Al-Ca *** microstructure was characterized by(transmission-)electron microscopy and synchrotron-based transmission X-ray *** electrochemical corrosion resistance was determined with a standard three-electrode setup and advanced in-situ flow cell measurements.A new electrochemical activity sequence(C15>C36>α-Mg>C14)was obtained,as a result of a stable passive layer formation on theα-solid ***,nm-scale Mg-rich precipitates were identified within the Laves phases,which tend to inhibit the corrosion kinetics.

关键词： Laves phase STEM Magnesium Corrosion Passive layer

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Impact of renewable energies on the operation and economicsituation of coal fired power stations： Actual situation of coalfired power stations in Germany

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Frontiers in Energy 2017年第2期11卷 119-125页

作者： hans-joachim KRAUTZ Alexander LISK joachim POSSELT Christian KATZER Department for Power Plant Technology Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg 03046 Cottbus Gemany

Due to the fluctuating character of the renewable energy sources the demand of conventional power plants for flexibility is increasing. In the recent years, in Germany there has been a fast rise of production capacity of renewable energies, especially from wind turbines, photovoltaic installations, and biomass plants. The installed nominal power of wind turbines is actually (December 2016) 42 GW and of photovoltaic installations 40?GW. The renewable electric energy production in Germany is about 190?TWh/a, which represents a share of 33% of the yearly demand. The increased need for flexibility affects both the power gradients as well as the minimum load of conventional power plants. Due to this flexibility behaviour, conventional power plants are faced with problems concerning the durability of power plant components, corrosion, more maintenance effort and consequently the overall life expectancy. Another consequence of the increasing share of renewable energies is the decreasing full load operating hours, especially of coal fired and gas power plants. Along with decreasing revenues from the energy exchange market, coal fired power plants are faced with new economically challenges.

关键词： flexible load operation minimal load power gradients power plant maintenance corrosion life expectancy

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Metamorphic Evolution of Chloritoid-Bearing Micaschist from the Variscan Elstergebirge: Evidences for Stacking of High-Pressure Rocks in the Saxothuringian Zone of Central Europe

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Journal of Earth Science 2020年第3期31卷 425-446页

作者： Gelareh Rahimi hans-joachim Massonne Fakultat Chemie Universitat Stuttgart70569 StuttgartGermany School of Earth Sciences China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China

A chloritoid-garnet-bearing micaschist from the southern part of the Elstergebirge was studied to better understand the Variscan orogenic evolution in the Saxothuringian zone of the northwestern Bohemian *** on the textural relations and compositions of minerals,especially of zoned garnet and potassic white mica,a P-T path was reconstructed using contoured P-T *** U-Th-Pb dating of monazite in the micaschist was undertaken with the electron *** micaschist experienced P-T conditions along a clockwise path between 16 kbar at 510℃and 5 kbar at 555℃followed by isobaric heating to about 600℃.Monazite ages range between 315 and 480 Ma with the most prominent maxima and side maxima at 346.0±1.1(2σ),357.3±2.3,and 368.3±1.7 *** older than 380 Ma were related to detrital monazite pointing to a Devonian sedimentary *** ages around 325 Ma were assigned to the isobaric heating by nearby post-tectonic *** high-pressure event,being the result of the collision of Laurussia and Gondwana after closure of the Rheic Ocean,occurred in the Late *** exhumation to 15-20 km(5 kbar)ended probably in the Early *** high-pressure micaschists from the Fichtelgebirge to the Erzgebirge crystalline complexes are suggested to represent a single nappe within a metamorphic nappe *** nappe is composed of metasedimentary slices,which experienced different peak pressures rather than representing a coherent crustal section.

关键词： Saxothuringian micaschist chloritoid garnet monazite dating Variscan P-T path

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A Mixed—Mode BIST Scheme Based on Folding Compression

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2002年第2期17卷 203-212页

作者：梁华国 Sybille Hellebrand hans-joachim Wunderlich Department of Computer and Information Hefei University of Technology Hefei 230009. P.R. China Institute of Applied Computer Science University of Innsbruck Austria Institute of Computer Science University of Stuttgart Germany

In this paper a new scheme for mixed mode scan-based BIST is presented with complete fault coverage, and some new concepts of folding set and computing are *** scheme applies single feedback polynomial of LFSR for generating pseudo-random patterns, as well as for compressing and extending seeds of folding sets and an LFSR, where we encode seed of folding set as an initial seed of LFSR. Moreover these new techniques are 100%compatible with scan design. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme outperforms previously published approaches based on the reseeding of LFSRs.

关键词： BIST random pattern testing LFSR folding set encoding seed

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Pressure-Temperature Evolution of a Mylonitic Gneiss from the Lower Seve Nappe in the Handol Area,Central Sweden

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Journal of Earth Science 2021年第6期32卷 1496-1511页

作者： Botao Li hans-joachim Massonne Xiaoping Yuan School of Earth Sciences China University of GeosciencesWuhan430074China Fakultät Chemie Universität Stuttgart70569StuttgartGermany

Ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism has recently been reported from various crustal rocks in the Seve Nappe Complex(SNC)in which microdiamonds were ***,in gneiss from the Lower Seve Nappe(LSN),neither any direct petrographic indication for UHP was reported nor the metamorphic evolution was well *** studied a mylonitic gneiss from the Handol area of the LSN and applied phase-diagram modeling and Ti-in-biotite *** on the compositions of garnet and biotite and observed mineral assemblages,a path was reconstructed passing through about 8 kbar and 730℃at prograde ***-pressure and initial retrograde stages occurred at 9.0–10.2 kbar at 745-775℃,and 7–9 kbar at<750℃,*** ultrahigh-pressure evidence was recognized compatible with medium-pressure metamorphism deduced in earlier studies of gneiss from the *** higher peak pressures were reported recently for metamorphic rocks of the LSN,a possible interpretation is that slices or erased blocks were subducted,metamorphosed at different depths,and exhumed in a subduction ***,the dominant gneiss of the SNC experienced only a medium-pressure metamorphism in the upper part of the downgoing Baltica *** from different depth levels were brought together in an exhumation channel located between Baltica and the overlying plate.

关键词： Lower Seve Nappe Swedish Caledonides mylonitic gneiss P-T pseudosection modeling Ti-in-biotite thermometry metamorphic rocks

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Effect of HTS Superconductors on Homogeneity of Measurement Field in Low Field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Detection

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Chinese Physics Letters 2010年第8期27卷 250-252页

作者：董慧张懿 KRAUSE hans-joachim 谢晓明 State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200050 Institute of Bio- and Nanosystems Forschungszentrum Jiilich. D-52425 Jiilieh Germany Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049

In recent years, superconducting quantum interference devices （SQUIDs） have been demonstrated to be useful in the low field nuclear magnetic resonance （NMR） measurements. The high temperature superconducting （HTS） SQUID used in our experiments has a frequency-independent sensitivity of 40-50fT/Hz^1/2. When a liquid nitrogen cooled LC circuit is employed to form a tuned circuit with the SQUID, the sensitivity of the system can be further enhanced. The LC circuit consists of a capacitor and a coil made of copper wire or HTS tape, which is inductively coupled to the SQUID. However, the homogeneity of the measurement field deteriorates because of the HTS tape coil in the proximity of the sample. In contrast, the thin film SQUID with a washer area of 1 cm^2 has no effect on the NMR signal. Therefore, the impairment of the measurement field homogeneity in the case of different superconducting elements nearby is discussed by examining the free induction decay signals at 9 kHz. It is found that a square superconducting film with an area of i cm^2 may compensate for the inhomogeneity of the measurement field after the adjustment of its position.

关键词： HIGH temperature superconductors NUCLEAR magnetic resonance SUPERCONDUCTING quantum interference devices PHYSICS experiments LIQUID nitrogen SENSITIVITY analysis

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Selected Recent Applications of Sparse Grids

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Numerical Mathematics(Theory,Methods and Applications) 2015年第1期8卷 47-77页

作者： Benjamin Peherstorfer Christoph Kowitz Dirk Pfluger hans-joachim Bungartz Scientific Computing Group Dept.of Computer ScienceBoltzmannstr.385748 GarchingGermany Institutefor Advanced Study Technische UniversitätMünchenLichtenbergstr.2a85748 GarchingGermany Institute for Parallel and Distributed Systems University of StuttgartUni-versitätsstr.3870569 StuttgartGermany

Sparse grids have become a versatile tool for a vast range of applications reaching from interpolation and numerical quadrature to data-driven problems and uncertainty *** review four selected real-world applications of sparse grids:financial product pricing with the Black-Scholes model,interactive explo-ration of simulation data with sparse-grid-based surrogate models,analysis of simu-lation data through sparse grid data mining methods,and stability investigations of plasma turbulence simulations.

关键词： Sparse grids hierarchical decomposition adaptivity combination technique

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Etching Effect on CMP of Different GaN Layers

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稀有金属材料与工程 2011年第S3期40卷 276-280页

作者： Siche Dietmar Rost hans-joachim Schulz Tobias Albrecht Martin Institute of Crystal Growth Max-Born-Str. 2 12489 Berlin Germany

Chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) was used to etch various GaN materials, such as GaN layers on sapphire and silicon carbide substrates grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition and thick GaN layers grown by physical vapor transport. It was found that CMP could reveal the dislocations in GaN surfaces due to a selective etching component. After the optimization of CMP condition, the surface finish improved and the subsurface damage was almost completely removed, demonstrated by atomic force microscopy and an electron back-scattered diffraction technique. This study established the correlation between the dislocation density and film quality. The crystalline perfection and optical properties of GaN layers were characterized by high resolution X-ray diffraction and photoluminescence.

关键词： surface etch pits CMP GaN

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