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Pelleting and particle size reduction of corn increase net energy and digestibility of fiber,protein,and fat in corn-soybean meal diets fed to group-housed pigs

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第4期15卷 1751-1760页

作者： Su A Lee Diego A.Rodriguez Chad B.Paulk hans h.Stein Department of Animal Sciences University of IllinoisUrbanaIL 61801USA Department of Grain Sciences and Industry Kansas State UniversityManhattanKS 66506USA

Background Reduction of the particle size of corn increases energy digestibility and concentrations of digestible and metabolizable *** may also reduce particle size of grain,but it is not known if there are interactions between particle size reduction and *** objective of this experiment was to test the hypothesis that particle size reduction and pelleting,separately or in combination,increase N balance,apparent total tract digestibility(ATTD)of fiber and fat,and net energy(NE)in corn-soybean meal diets fed to group-housed *** Six corn-soybean meal-based diets were used in a 3×2 factorial design with 3 particle sizes of corn(i.e.,700,500,or 300μm)and 2 diet forms(i.e.,meal or pelleted).Pigs were allowed ad libitum access to feed and ***-four castrated male pigs(initial weight:29.52 kg;standard diviation:1.40)were allotted to the 6 diets using a 6×6 Latin square design with 6 calorimeter chambers(i.e.,4 pigs/chamber)and 6 *** consumption and CO_(2)and Ch_(4)productions were measured during fed and fasting states and fecal and urine samples were *** Regardless of particle size of corn,the ATTD of gross energy(GE),N,and acid-hydrolyzed ether extract(AEE),and the concentration of NE were greater(Phan in meal *** of diet form,the ATTD of GE,N,and AEE,and the concentration of NE were increased(linear;Phe particle size of corn,but the increase was greater in meal diets than in pelleted diets(interaction;Ph pelleting and reduction of corn particle size increased nutrient digestibility and NE,but increases were greater in meal diets than in pelleted diets.

关键词： Corn Digestibility Feed technology Net energy Particle size Pelleting

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A tribo-chemical view on astringency of plant-based food substances

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Friction 2024年第7期12卷 1392-1407页

作者： Samuel S.GAMANIEL Paloma S.DUEÑAS ROBLES hans TROMP Els h.A.de hOOG Sissi de BEER Emile van der hEIDE Laboratory for Surface Technology and Tribology Faculty of Engineering TechnologyUniversity of TwenteEnschede 7522 LWthe Netherlands NIZO Food Research B.V. Ede6710 BAthe Netherlands Department of Molecules and Materials MESA+Institute for Nanotechnology University of TwenteEnschede 7500 AEthe Netherlands

Consumption of plant-based food products having high composition of polyphenols leads to the sensation of *** sliding oral surfaces,friction is an essential property during the oral perception of roughness and dryness which are attributes associated with *** factors including the chemical composition of interacting layers,structure and operation of interfaces have an effect on the astringency development *** manner of interactions occurring at oral interfaces suggest there is a system dependence of astringency and highlights the importance of adopting a tribosystems *** measurement techniques have shown an existing relationship between salivary protein-polyphenol interaction and an astringent ***,the tribo-chemistry involved in this multifaceted sensation remains largely unexplored in a comprehensive *** this review the underlying tribo-chemical processes useful in understanding the mechanism of astringency are highlighted and discussed considering current techniques employed to investigate astringency *** of lubrication on oral surfaces owing to the tribo-chemical interactions involving saliva and astringent plant proteins requires subsequent deformations of oral tissues which are significant enough to induce strains at mechanoreceptor locations,leading to the sensation of *** is proposed that micro-scale contact modelling on the interaction of food particles/aggregates,boundary layers and oral surfaces shows potential in addressing the knowledge gap between tribo-chemical measurement techniques and panel tests,making it possible to attain a predictor for astringency.

关键词： oral lubrication astringency tribo-chemistry tribology

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事实、可能性和世界:来自《逻辑哲学论》的三条教益

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世界哲学 2024年第4期 134-148页

作者： [美]h.斯鲁格邵世恒(译) 美国加州大学伯克利分校哲学系西北大学哲学学院西北大学外国哲学研究中心

维特根斯坦的《逻辑哲学论》从第一页开始就一直是个谜,至今依然如此。根据其开篇断言,事实总和构成世界,而事态总和划定逻辑可能性空间。但事实是什么?可能事态是什么?我们为何需要考虑它们的总和?弗雷格和罗素是第一批努力应对这些解... 详细信息

维特根斯坦的《逻辑哲学论》从第一页开始就一直是个谜,至今依然如此。根据其开篇断言,事实总和构成世界,而事态总和划定逻辑可能性空间。但事实是什么?可能事态是什么?我们为何需要考虑它们的总和?弗雷格和罗素是第一批努力应对这些解释性问题的人。《逻辑哲学论》日益增多的二手文献表明我们是多么容易沉溺于其诠释学中。然而,更重要的问题是,我们能从维特根斯坦的字里行间取到哪些实质性哲学教益。事实表明,至少有三条教益。第一条是,罗素和《逻辑哲学论》时期的维特根斯坦非常依赖的“事实”概念在哲学上是脆弱的。相反,我们的注意力要转向世界的“事实性”这一更宽泛的概念。第二条是,我们能够、也必须从事实和模态两方面来思考世界,但如此做时,我们必须把可能性的、而非必然性观念作为初始的,同时必须把可能性看作是纯然虚拟的、而非事实的。第三条是,如果我们要理解逻辑、科学和伦理,就必须将世界视为一个整体。

关键词：事实事态可能性逻辑世界

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Why ecosystem characteristics predicted from remotely sensed data are unbiased and biased at the same time-and how this affects applications

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第1期11卷 24-31页

作者： Goran Ståhl Terje Gobakken Svetlana Saarela henrik J.Persson Magnus Ekstrom Sean P.healey Zhiqiang Yang Johan holmgren Eva Lindberg Kenneth Nystrom Emanuele Papucci Patrik Ulvdal hans OleØrka Erik Næsset Zhengyang hou håkan Olsson Ronald E.McRoberts Department of Forest Resource Management Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences90183UmeåSweden Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management Norwegian University of Life SciencesÅsNorway USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research StationOgdenUTUSA The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing100083China Department of Forest Resources University of MinnesotaSt.PaulMNUSA

Remotely sensed data are frequently used for predicting and mapping ecosystem characteristics,and spatially explicit wall-to-wall information is sometimes proposed as the best possible source of information for ***,wall-to-wall information typically relies on model-based prediction,and several features of model-based prediction should be understood before extensively relying on this type of *** such feature is that model-based predictors can be considered both unbiased and biased at the same time,which has important implications in several areas of *** this discussion paper,we first describe the conventional model-unbiasedness paradigm that underpins most prediction techniques using remotely sensed(or other)auxiliary *** this point of view,model-based predictors are typically ***,we show that for specific domains,identified based on their true values,the same model-based predictors can be considered biased,and sometimes severely *** suggest distinguishing between conventional model-bias,defined in the statistical literature as the difference between the expected value of a predictor and the expected value of the quantity being predicted,and design-bias of model-based estimators,defined as the difference between the expected value of a model-based estimator and the true value of the quantity being *** show that model-based estimators(or predictors)are typically design-biased,and that there is a trend in the design-bias from overestimating small true values to underestimating large true ***,we give examples of applications where this is important to acknowledge and to potentially make adjustments to correct for the design-bias *** argue that relying entirely on conventional model-unbiasedness may lead to mistakes in several areas of application that use predictions from remotely sensed data.

关键词： Bias Model-based inference Design-based inference

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Genome-wide Studies Reveal Genetic Risk Factors for hepatic Fat Content

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2024年第2期22卷 57-68页

作者： Yanni Li Eline h.van den Berg Alexander Kurilshikov Dasha V.Zhernakova Ranko Gacesa Shixian hu Esteban A.Lopera-Maya Alexandra Zhernakova Lifelines Cohort Study Vincent E.de Meijer Serena Sanna Robin P.F.Dullaart hans Blokzijl Eleonora A.M.Festen Jingyuan Fu Rinse K.Weersma Department of Gastroenterology and hepatology University of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningen 9713 GZThe Netherlands Department of Genetics University of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningen 9713 GZThe Netherlands Department of Gastroenterology and hepatology Tianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjin Medical UniversityTianjin 300052China Laboratory of Genomic Diversity Center for Computer TechnologiesITMO UniversitySaint Petersburg 199034Russia Institute of Precision Medicine the First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510080China Department of Surgery Section of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver TransplantationUniversity of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningen 9713 GZThe Netherlands Department of Endocrinology University of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningen 9713 GZThe Netherlands Department of Pediatrics University of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningen 9713 GZThe Netherlands 不详

Genetic susceptibility to metabolic associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)is complex and poorly *** characterization of the genetic background of hepatic fat content would provide insights into disease etiology and causality of risk *** performed genome-wide association study(GWAS)on two noninvasive definitions of hepatic fat content:magnetic resonance imaging proton density fat fraction(MRI-PDFF)in 16,050 participants and fatty liver index(FLI)in 388,701 participants from the United Kingdom(UK)Biobank(UKBB).heritability,genetic overlap,and similarity between hepatic fat content phenotypes were analyzed,and replicated in 10,398 participants from the University Medical Center Groningen(UMCG)Genetics Lifelines Initiative(UGLI).Meta-analysis of GWASs of MRI-PDFF in UKBB revealed five statistically significant loci,including two novel genomic loci harboring CREB3L1(rs72910057-T,P=5.40E−09)and GCM1(rs1491489378-T,P=3.16E−09),respectively,as well as three previously reported loci:PNPLA3,TM6SF2,and *** of FLI in UKBB identified 196 genome-wide significant loci,of which 49 were replicated in UGLI,with top signals in ZPR1(P=3.35E−13)and FTO(P=2.11E−09).Statistically significant genetic correlation(rg)between MRI-PDFF(UKBB)and FLI(UGLI)GWAS results was found(rg=0.5276,P=1.45E−03).Novel MRI-PDFF genetic signals(CREB3L1 and GCM1)were replicated in the FLI *** identified two novel genes for MRI-PDFF and 49 replicable loci for *** a difference in hepatic fat content assessment between MRI-PDFF and FLI,a substantial similar genetic architecture was *** is identified as an easy and reliable approach to study hepatic fat content at the population level.

关键词： hepatic fat content MAFLD Genome-wide association study Fatty liver index Magnetic resonance imaging proton density fat fraction

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不朽与现代性

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世界哲学 2024年第2期 113-126页

作者： [美]h.约纳斯方秋明(译) 林伟毅(译) 不详苏州科技大学政治系福建师范大学马克思主义学院

文章批判了自古以来的两种不朽观,分别为经验性的不朽,包括英名不朽和影响不朽;非经验性的不朽,包括灵魂不朽和实体不朽。这些都被现代性否定了,契合现代性的不朽观是行动不朽,它是自我超越领域的不朽,是指我们存在的某种东西可能通达... 详细信息

文章批判了自古以来的两种不朽观,分别为经验性的不朽,包括英名不朽和影响不朽;非经验性的不朽,包括灵魂不朽和实体不朽。这些都被现代性否定了,契合现代性的不朽观是行动不朽,它是自我超越领域的不朽,是指我们存在的某种东西可能通达了不死性,也就是说我们的世俗行为对超越领域发生影响而产生的不朽。受犹太教中的生命册和诺斯替宗教中上帝的终极形象的启发,文章在这两种象征方式的基础上提出了非全能的上帝形象这个“试验性神话”,认为人类的行为会建构或伤害上帝的形象,只有通过向善的责任行为,维护受到威胁的人类存在,完善上帝的不朽形象,才能获得自身的不朽。

关键词：英名不朽影响不朽灵魂不朽实体不朽行动不朽

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Competitive effect, but not competitive response, varies along a climatic gradient depending on tree species identity

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第2期11卷 142-151页

作者： Teresa Valor Lluís Coll David I.Forrester hans pretzs.h Miren del Río Kamil Bielak Bogdan Brzeziecki Franz Binder Torben hilmers Zuzana Sitková Roberto Tognetti Aitor Ameztegui Department of Agricultural and Forest Sciences and Engineering(DCEFA) University of LleidaAv.Alcalde Rovira Roure 191E25198 LleidaSpain Joint Research Unit CTFC-AGROTECNIO-CERCA Ctra.Sant LlorençKm.225280SolsonaSpain Swiss Federal Institute of Forest Snow and Landscape Research WSLZürcherstrasse 1118903BirmensdorfSwitzerland CSIRO Land and Water GPO Box 1700CanberraACT2601Australia Chair of Forest Growth and Yield Science School of Life Sciences WeihenstephanTechnical University of MunichHans-Carl-Von-Carlowitz-Platz 285354FreisingGermany Forest Research Center INIA-CSICCtra.A Coruña Km 7.528040MadridSpain IuFOR Sustainable Forest Management Research InstituteUniversity of Valladolid&INIASpain Department of Silviculture Institute of Forest SciencesWarsaw University of Life SciencesNowoursynowska 159/3402776WarsawPoland Bavarian State Institute of Forestry(LWF) Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 1D-85354FreisingGermany National Forest Centre Forest Research InstituteT.G.Masaryka 2296001ZvolenSlovakia Faculty of Agricultural Environmental and Food SciencesFree University of Bozen-Bolzano Piazza Università1 I-39100Bolzano

Background: Understanding the role of species identity in interactions among individuals is crucial for assessing the productivity and stability of mixed forests over time. however, there is limited knowledge concerning the variation in competitive effect and response of different species along climatic gradients. In this study, we investigated the importance of climate, tree size, and competition on the growth of three tree species: spruce(Picea abies), fir(Abies alba), and beech(Fagus sylvatica), and examined their competitive response and effect along a climatic ***: We selected 39 plots distributed across the European mountains with records of the position and growth of 5,759 individuals. For each target species, models relating tree growth to tree size, climate and competition were proposed. Competition was modelled using a neighbourhood competition index that considered the effects of inter-and intraspecific competition on target trees. Competitive responses and effects were related to *** methods and information theory were used to select the best ***: Our findings revealed that competition had a greater impact on target species growth than tree size or climate. Climate did influence the competitive effects of neighbouring species, but it did not affect the target species? response to competition. The strength of competitive effects varied along the gradient, contingent on the identity of the interacting species. When the target species exhibited an intermediate competitive effect relative to neighbouring species, both higher inter-than intraspecific competitive effects and competition reduction occurred along the gradient. Notably, species competitive effects were most pronounced when the target species' growth was at its peak and weakest when growing conditions were far from their ***: Climate modulates the effects of competition from neighbouring trees on the target tree and not the susceptibility of th

关键词： Competition coefficient Competition reduction Interspecific competition Intraspecific competition Mixing effects Mixed species forest Neighbourhood models Plant-plant interactions

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CD4^(+)T cells produce IFN-I to license cDC1s for induction of cytotoxic T-cell activity in human tumors

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2024年第4期21卷 374-392页

作者： Xin Lei Daniël C.de Groot Marij J.P.Welters Tom de Wit Ellen Schrama hans van Eenennaam Saskia J.Santegoets Timo Oosenbrug Annemarthe van der Veen Joris L.Vos Charlotte L.Zuur Noel F.C.C.de Miranda heinz Jacobs Sjoerd h.van der Burg Jannie Borst Yanling Xiao Department of Immunology Leiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands Oncode Institute Leiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands Department of Tumor Biology and Immunology The Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands Department of Medical Oncology Oncode InstituteLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands IMMIOS B.V. OssThe Netherlands Division of Medical Oncology The Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands Department of Otorhinolaryngology Leiden University Medical Center LeidenThe Netherlands Department of Pathology Leiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands

CD4^(+)T cells can"help"or"license" conventional type 1 dendritic cells(cDC1s)to induce CD8^(+)cytotoxic T lymphocyte(CTL)anticancer responses,as proven in mouse *** recently identified cDC1s with a transcriptomic imprint of CD4^(+)T-cell help,specifically in T-cell-infiltrated human cancers,and these cells were associated with a good prognosis and response to PD-1-targeting ***,we delineate the mechanism of cDC1 licensing by CD4^(+)T cells in *** CD4^(+)T cells produce IFNβvia the STING pathway,which promotes MhC-I antigen(cross-)presentation by cDC1s and thereby improves their ability to induce CTL anticancer *** cooperation with CD40 ligand(L),IFNβalso optimizes the costimulatory and other functions of cDC1s required for CTL response ***-I-producing CD4^(+)T cells are present in diverse T-cell-infiltrated cancers and likely deliver“help”signals to CTLs locally,according to their transcriptomic profile and colocalization with“helped/licensed”cDCs and tumor-reactive CD8^(+)T *** agreement with this scenario,the presence of IFN-I-producing CD4^(+)T cells in the TME is associated with overall survival and the response to PD-1 checkpoint blockade in cancer patients.

关键词： CD4^(+)T-cell help cDC1 licensing IFN-I signaling CD40 costimulation (cross-)presentation CTL priming Tumor control

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Diversity and connectedness of brine shrimp viruses in global hypersaline ecosystems

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第1期67卷 188-203页

作者： Xuan Dong Cixiu Li Yiting Wang Tao hu Fan Zhang Fanzeng Meng Meirong Gao Xuekai han Guohao Wang Jiahao Qin hans Nauwynck Edward Cholmes Patrick Sorgeloos Liying Sui Jie huang Weifeng Shi State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods Yellow Sea Fisheries Research InstituteChinese Academy of Fishery SciencesLaboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production ProcessesLaoshan LaboratoryKey Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease ControlMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsQingdao Key Laboratory of Mariculture Epidemiology and BiosecurityQingdao 266071China Shandong Provincial hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University Jinan 250021China Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Universities of Shandong Shandong First Medical University&Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesTaian 271000China Dalian Ocean University Dalian 116023China Asian Regional Artemia Reference Center Tianjin University of Science&TechnologyTianjin 300457China Ghent University Ghent 9000Belgium Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases School of Medical SciencesThe University of SydneySydney 2006Australia Network of Aquaculture Centres in Asia-Pacific Bangkok 10900Thailand School of Public health Shandong First Medical University&Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinan 250117China

Brine shrimp(Artemia)has existed on Earth for 400 million years and has major ecological importance in hypersaline *** a crucial live food in aquaculture,brine shrimp cysts have become one of the most important aquatic products traded ***,our understanding of the biodiversity,prevalence and global connectedness of viruses in brine shrimp is still very limited.A total of 143 batches of brine shrimp(belonging to seven species)cysts were collected from six continents including 21 countries and more than 100 geographic locations worldwide during 1977–*** total,55 novel RNA viruses were identified,which could be assigned to 18 different viral families and related *** viruses were dsRNA viruses,16 were+ssRNA viruses,and 28 were−ssRNA *** analyses of the RNA-directed RNA polymerase(RdRp)showed that brine shrimp viruses were often grouped with viruses isolated from other invertebrates and ***,most brine shrimp viruses were related to those from different hosts that might feed on brine shrimp or share the same ecological niche.A notable case was the novel brine shrimp noda-like virus 3,which shared 79.25%(RdRp)and 63.88%(capsid proteins)amino acid identity with covert mortality nodavirus(CMNV)that may cause losses in *** addition,both virome composition and phylogenetic analyses revealed global connectedness in certain brine shrimp viruses,particularly among Asia and Northern *** highlights the incredible species diversity of viruses in these ancient species and provides essential data for the prevalence of RNA viruses in the global aquaculture *** broadly,these findings provide novel insights into the previously unrecognized RNA virosphere in hypersaline ecosystems worldwide and demonstrate that human activity might have driven the global connectedness of brine shrimp viruses.

关键词： brine shrimp Artemia virus diversity novel virus discovery global connectedness hypersaline ecosystem

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Up and down the spectrum:upconversion nanocrystal and semiconductor material fused into a single nanocomposite

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Light(Science & Applications) 2022年第7期11卷 1331-1333页

作者： hans h.Gorris Zdeněk Farka Department of Biochemistry Masaryk University62500 BrnoCzech Republic

A nanocomposite consisting of a cubic EuSe semiconductor material grown on a hexagonal upconversion nanoparticle has overcome the crystal lattice mismatch that typically prevents the epitaxial growth of such heterogeneous ***^(3+)at the interface layer shows its characteristic red emission band both under UV excitation light due to energy transfer from the semiconductor and under NIR excitation light due to energy transfer after *** storage and security applications are suggested for this new nanocomposite.

关键词： excitation fused overcome

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