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Putting Faces to Names： Snapshots of Two Committee Meetings, 95 Years Apart, Emphasize Continuous International Cooperation in the Atmospheric Sciences

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2017年第5期34卷 571-575页

作者： hans VOLKERT Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt lnstitut für Physik der Atmosphare 82234 Oberpfaffenhofen Germany

*** Spectacular advances have been made in the atmospheric sciences on a global level during a period of one hundred years or more,which is arguably most evident through"the quiet revolution of numerical weather predi... 详细信息

关键词： Co work Putting Faces to Names:Snapshots of Two Committee Meetings,95 Years Apart,Emphasize Continuous International Cooperation in the Atmospheric Sciences

高等教育中的国际化与高等教育的国际化:对概念演变的批判性反思

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世界教育信息 2024年第6期37卷 3-9页

作者：汉斯·德威特波士顿学院国际高等教育研究中心

高等教育国际化已成为一个非常广泛多样的概念,它在机构、国家和区域层面有着不同定义,并且随时间的推移而演变,以应对不断变化的环境和挑战。文章阐述对“高等教育的国际化”和“高等教育中的国际化”的不同看法、理解,以及关键的范式... 详细信息

高等教育国际化已成为一个非常广泛多样的概念,它在机构、国家和区域层面有着不同定义,并且随时间的推移而演变,以应对不断变化的环境和挑战。文章阐述对“高等教育的国际化”和“高等教育中的国际化”的不同看法、理解,以及关键的范式转化,并得出批判性反思——未来十年,国际化作为一个概念和应对全球大变局的实践,需要从短期的新自由主义转向长期的社会利益,从仅造福于少数精英的国际教育转向全球全民学习,从西方范式转向全球平等概念。

关键词：高等教育的国际化高等教育中的国际化多元化概念概念演变

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Enhancing Immune Responses for Cancer Therapy

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2007年第3期4卷 173-184页

作者： hans J Stauss Department of Immunology and Molecular Pathology University College London Hampstead Campus Royal Free Hospital Rowland Hill Street London NW3 2PF United Kingdom

Although the immune system possesses the means to respond to cancer, it often fails to control the spread of malignancy. Nonetheless, equipping endogenous immunity to release a strong antitumor response has significant advantages over conventional therapies. This review explores some of the options available to accomplish this, focusing first on vaccinations with tumor antigens to stimulate the immune system and empower stronger antitumor responses. We then compare and contrast the so-far limited clinical success of vaccination with the well-documented curative potential of adoptive therapy using T lymphocytes transfer. Finally, we highlight novel approaches using T call receptor （TCR） gene transfer strategy to exploit allogeneic T cell repertoires in conjunction with receptors selected in vitro for defined MHC/peptide combinations, as a basis for antigen-specific gene therapy of cancers. Cellular ＆ Molecular Immunology.

关键词： tumor antigen vaccination adoptive immunotherapy T cell receptor gene transfer TCR gene therapy

Antiviral therapy and resistance with hepatitis B virus infection

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第1期13卷 125-140页

作者： hans L Tillmann University of Leipzig Philipp-Rosenthal Street 27 Leipzig 04103 Germany

Hepatitis B virus （HBV） infection is still the most common cause of hepatocellular carcinoma and liver drrhosis world wide. Recently, however, there has been quite dramatic improvement in the understanding of HBV assodated liver disease and its treatment. It has become dear that high viral replication is a major risk factor for the development of both cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Early studies have shown lamivudine lowers the risk of HBV associated complications. There are currently three nucleos（t）ides licensed, in addition to interferon, and there are more drugs coming to the market soon. Interferon or its pegylated counterpart are still the only options for treatment with defined end points, while nudeos（t）ides therapy is used mostly for long term treatment. Combination therapies have not been shown to be superior to monotherapy in naive patients, however, the outcome depends on how the end point is defined. Interferon plus lamivudine achieves a higher viral suppression than either treatment alone, even though Hbe-seroconversion was not different after a one year treatment. HBV-genotypes emerge as relevant factors, with genotypes ＂A＂ and ＂B＂ responding relatively well to interferon, achieving up to 20% HBsAg clearance in the case of genotype ＂A＂. In addition to having a defined treatment duration, interferon has the advantage of lack- ing resistance selection, which is a major drawback for lamivudine and the other nucleos（t）ides. The emergence of resistance against adefovir and entecavir is some- what slower in na＇fve compared to lamivudine resistant patients. Adefovir has a low resistance profile with 3%, 9%, 18%, and 28% after 2, 3, 4, and 5 years, respectively, while entecavir has rarely produced resistance in naive patients for up to 3 years.

关键词： Hepatitis B Antiviral therapy Resistance Interferon Nucleosides Nucleotides

围术期神经肌肉阻滞的管理:欧洲麻醉和重症监护学会临床指南

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中华麻醉学杂志 2024年第6期44卷 641-656页

作者： Thomas Fuchs-Buder Carolina S.Romero Heidrun Lewald Massimo Lamperti Arash Afshari Ana-Marjia Hristovska Denis Schmartz Jochen Hinkelbein Dan Longrois Maria Popp hans Dde Boer Massimiliano Sorbello Radmilo Jankovic Peter Kranke 法国南锡大学医学院附属医院麻醉学、重症监护与围术期医学科法国南锡54000 巴伦西亚大学综合医院麻醉与重症监护科西班牙巴伦西亚46014 慕尼黑工业大学麻醉学与重症监护科德国慕尼黑80333 克利夫兰阿布扎比诊所麻醉学研究所阿联酋阿布扎比31250 哥本哈根大学医院小儿和产科麻醉科丹麦哥本哈根2100 哥本哈根大学医院麻醉学与重症监护科丹麦赫维德2650 布鲁塞尔自由大学Erasme医院麻醉科比利时布鲁塞尔1070 科隆大学医院麻醉学与重症监护科德国科隆50937 巴黎大学附属比查特克劳德伯纳德医院麻醉学与重症监护医学科法国巴黎75018 维尔茨堡大学医院麻醉学、危重病医学、急诊医学和疼痛医学科德国维尔茨堡97080 格罗宁根大学医院麻醉学、疼痛医学与程序性镇静与镇痛科荷兰格罗宁根9713 GZ 卡坦尼亚大学医院麻醉与重症监护科意大利卡坦尼亚95123 尼什大学医学院尼什临床中心麻醉学与重症治疗科塞尔维亚尼什18000

近来的研究表明,由于围术期神经肌肉阻滞管理不当,肌肉松弛药(肌松药)残留阻滞及其术后并发症的发生率居高不下。需要重视神经肌肉功能监测仪、肌松药及其拮抗剂的合理应用,以利于改善神经肌肉阻滞管理。欧洲麻醉和重症监护学会(Europea... 详细信息

近来的研究表明,由于围术期神经肌肉阻滞管理不当,肌肉松弛药(肌松药)残留阻滞及其术后并发症的发生率居高不下。需要重视神经肌肉功能监测仪、肌松药及其拮抗剂的合理应用,以利于改善神经肌肉阻滞管理。欧洲麻醉和重症监护学会(European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care,ESAIC)首次发布围术期神经肌肉阻滞管理临床指南,旨在为临床医生提供最佳医疗管理的循证建议,以提高围术期患者安全。本指南主要聚焦在3个临床问题:肌松药是否有助于成人气管插管?神经肌肉阻滞深度是否影响腹部手术患者的预后?肌松药残留阻滞的诊断和治疗策略有哪些?根据PICO原则(患者、干预、对照、结局;patient,intervention,comparator,outcome;PICO)构建临床问题并进行文献检索。初始纳入的临床研究为24 000篇,采用逐步筛选策略,最终临床研究88篇纳入指南分析。应用GRADE方法学(Grading of Recommendations,Assessment,Development and Evaluation,GRADE)对结局指标证据、质量等级进行评价。运用两轮德尔菲法收集专家组建议并形成统一推荐:R1推荐应用肌松药辅助气管插管(1A)。R2推荐应用肌松药以减少气管插管导致的咽部和(或)喉部损伤(1C)。R3推荐在快速顺序诱导插管(rapid sequence induction intubation,RSII)时使用短效肌松药,例如琥珀胆碱1 mg/kg或罗库溴铵0.9~1.2 mg/kg(1B)。R4推荐在需要改善外科手术条件时,加深神经肌肉阻滞深度(1B)。R5尚无足够的证据推荐深度神经肌肉阻滞可减轻术后疼痛或降低围术期并发症的发生率(2C)。R6推荐在拇内收肌处刺激尺神经,定量监测神经肌肉阻滞深度以排除肌松药残留阻滞(1B)。R7推荐应用舒更葡糖钠逆转甾体类肌松药(罗库溴铵、维库溴铵)诱导的深、中及浅度神经肌肉阻滞(1A)。R8推荐在使用新斯的明前,TOFr自行恢复至>0.2,并继续定量监测神经肌肉功能,直至TOFr超过0.9(1C)。

关键词：神经肌肉阻滞神经肌肉功能肌松药临床指南罗库溴铵琥珀胆碱外科手术定量监测

Robust Control of a Bevel-Tip Needle for Medical Interventional Procedures

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2020年第1期7卷 244-256页

作者： Surender hans Felix Orlando Maria Joseph Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology RoorkeeRoorkeeUttarakhand 247667India

In minimally invasive surgery, one of the main objectives is to ensure safety and target reaching accuracy during needle steering inside the target organ. In this research work, the needle steering approach is determined using a robust control algorithm namely the integral sliding mode control(ISMC) strategy to eliminate the chattering problem associated with the general clinical scenario. In general, the discontinuity component of feedback control input is not appropriate for the needle steering methodology due to the practical limitations of the driving actuators. Thus in ISMC, we have incorporated the replacement of the discontinuous component using a super twisting control(STC)input due to its unique features of chattering elimination and disturbance observation characteristics. In our study, the kinematic model of an asymmetric flexible bevel-tip needle in a soft-tissue phantom is used to evaluate stability analysis. A comparative study based on the analysis of chattering elimination is executed to determine the performance of the proposed control strategy in real-time needle steering with conventional sliding mode control using vision feedback through simulation and experimental results. This validates the efficacy of the proposed control strategy for clinical needle steering.

关键词： Minimal invasive surgery needle steering nonholonomic system robust control sliding mode control

N*-Program at COSY-Jülich

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Chinese Physics C 2009年第12期33卷 1102-1104页

作者： hans Strher Institut fr Kernphysik and Jlich Center for Hadron Physics Forschungszentrum Jülich 52425 Jlich Germany

The paper gives a brief introduction into the COSY-facility, the currently used detector systems （ANKE, TOF and WASA） and the targets （cluster jet, pellet and ABS）, and it presents some recent results, which were ... 详细信息

关键词： handron-induced reactions nucleon and hyperon resonances

Micromechanical investigation of granular ratcheting using a discrete model of polygonal particles

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Particuology 2008年第6期6卷 390-403页

作者： Fernando Alonso-Marroquín hans B. Mhlhaus hans J. Herrmann Earth Systems Science Computational Centre & School of Physical Sciences The University of Queensland Earth Systems Science Computational Centre The University of Queensland Institut fr Baustoffe ETH-HenggerbergZrich

We use a two-dimensional model of polygonal particles to investigate granular ratcheting. Ratcheting is a long-term response of granular materials under cyclic loading, where the same amount of permanent deformation is accumulated after each cycle. We report on ratcheting for low frequencies and extremely small loading amplitudes. The evolution of the sub-network of sliding contacts allows us to understand the micromechanics of ratcheting. We show that the contact network evolves almost periodically under cyclic loading as the sub-network of the sliding contacts reaches different stages of anisotropy in each cycle. Sliding contacts lead to a monotonic accumulation of permanent deformation per cycle in each particle. The distribution of these deformations appears to be correlated in form of vortices inside the granular assembly.

关键词： Granular systems Dynamics and kinematics of rigid bodies Molecular dynamics methods

Anisotropic plastic deformation behavior of as-extruded ZK60 magnesium alloy at room temperature

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2009年第1期52卷 161-165页

作者： hans J R Department of Materials Science and Engineering Norwegian University of Science and Technology

The anisotropic plastic deformation behavior of as-extruded ZK60 magnesium alloy at room tempera-ture (RT) was investigated by compressive and tensile testing in different directions, i.e. the loading axis oriented at 0°, 45° and 90° to the extrusion direction. The relationship between texture and plastic deformation behavior were examined. The results show that the extruded ZK60 alloy exhibits a strong ring fiber texture. The mechanical properties are strongly orientation dependent. In tension testing, the 0° specimen exhibited higher yield strength and lower elongation. In compression testing, however, ZK60 alloy exhibited almost the same yield strength in three directions. The anisotropic plastic defor-mation behavior is due to strong fiber texture and the lower symmetry of the hexagonal close packed (hcp) structure of ZK60 alloy. The correlation between texture and mechanical behaviour offers the possibility to improve the mechanical properties of magnesium alloy by optimization of the material production process.

关键词： anisotropic plastic deformation behavior ZK60 Mg alloy texture mechanical property