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Modeling Preparative Chromatographic Separation of Heavy Rare Earth Elements and Optimization of Thulium Purification

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Advances in Materials Physics and Chemistry 2015年第5期5卷 151-160页

作者： Mark Max-hansen hans-Kristian Knutson christian Jonsson Marcus Degerman Bernt Nilsson Department of Chemical Engineering Lund UniversityLundSweden

Rare Earth Elements are in growing demand globally. This paper presents a case study of applied mathematical modeling and multi objective optimization to optimize the separation of heavy Rare Earth Elements, Terbium-Lutetium, by means of preparative solid phase extraction chromatography, which means that an extraction ligand, HDEHP, is immobilized on a C18 silica phase, and nitric acid is used as an eluent. An ICP-MS was used for online detection of the Rare Earths. A methodology for calibration and optimization is presented, and applied to an industrially relevant mixture. Results show that Thulium is produced at 99% purity, with a productivity of 0.2 - 0.5 kg Tm per m3 stationary phase and second, with Yields from 74% to 99%.

关键词： Rare Earth Elements Chromatography Model Calibration Optimization Multi-Objective HDEHP

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海的女儿（中学版·第1级下） 1

Health economic evaluation of moist wound care in chronic cutaneous leishmaniasis ulcers in Afghanistan

丛书名：轻松英语名作欣赏

2007年

作者：（丹）安徒生（hans christian Andersen）

本书是一个关于爱与理想的故事。生活在海底的人鱼公主一直向往着陆地上的世界和人类不灭的灵魂。在她15岁生日那天，她第一次来到海面，在暴风雨中救了一位溺水的王子，并深深地爱上了他。为了去到爱人身边，小人鱼向女巫求来药水，把... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9787560070124

本书是一个关于爱与理想的故事。生活在海底的人鱼公主一直向往着陆地上的世界和人类不灭的灵魂。在她15岁生日那天，她第一次来到海面，在暴风雨中救了一位溺水的王子，并深深地爱上了他。为了去到爱人身边，小人鱼向女巫求来药水，把自己变成了人类女孩的模样，却从此变成了哑巴，而且要每天忍受无尽的痛苦等。

关键词：英语汉语对照读物童话丹麦近代

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2018年第1期7卷 129-144页

作者： hans-christian Stahl Faridullah Ahmadi Sami Mohammad Nahzat Heng-Jin Dong Kurt-Wilhelm Stahl Rainer Sauerborn Institute of Public Health University Hospital HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany Malaria and Leishmaniasis Centre Provincial Civil Balkh HospitalMazar-e-SharifAfghanistan National Malaria and Leishmaniasis Control Program Ministry of Public HealthKabulAfghanistan Center for Health Policy Studies School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina NGO Waisenmedizin e.V.–Promoting Access to Essential Medicine FreiburgGermany

Background:The present health economic evaluation in Afghanistan aims to support public health decision makers and health care managers to allocate resources efficiently to appropriate treatments for cutaneous leishmaniasis(CL)elicited by Leishmania tropica or Leishmania ***:A decision tree was used to analyse the cost and the effectiveness of two wound care regimens versus intra-lesional antimony in CL patients in *** were collected from a societal *** was measured in wound free *** incremental cost-effectiveness ratio(ICER)and incremental net monetary benefit(NMB)were *** model was parameterized with baseline parameters,sensitivity ranges,and parameter ***,the model was simulated and results were evaluated with deterministic and probability sensitivity *** outcomes were the efficiency of the regimens and a budget impact analysis in the context of ***:Average costs per patients were US$11(SE=0.016)(Group I:Intra-dermal Sodium Stibogluconate[IL SSG]),US$16(SE=7.58)(Group II:Electro-thermo-debridement[ETD]+Moist wound treatment[MWT])and US$25(SE=0.48)(Group III:MWT)in patients with a single chronic CL *** a societal perspective the budget impact analysis shows that the regimens’drug costs are lower than indirect disease *** effectiveness in wound free days are 177(SE=0.36)in Group II,147(SE=0.33)in Group III,and 129(SE=0.27)in Group *** ICER of Group II versus Group I was US$0.09 and Group III versus Group I US$0.77,which is very costeffective with a willingness-to-pay threshold of US$2 per wound free *** a Monte-Carlo probabilistic sensitivity analysis Group II was cost-effective in 80%of the cases starting at a willingness-to-pay of 80 cent per wound free ***:Group II provided the most cost-effective *** non-treatment alternative is not an option in the management of chronic CL *** of Group III should at le

关键词： Cutaneous leishmaniasis Wound healing Cost-effectiveness Sodium Stibogluconate Moist wound treatment

Evaluation of Ultrasound-based Surveillance for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients at Risk:Results From a German Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2023年第3期11卷 626-637页

作者： Johannes Gillessen Philipp Reuken Peter-Marton Hunyady Matthias christian Reichert Lucian Lothschütz Fabian Finkelmeier Matthias Nowka Gabriel Allo Fabian Kütting Martin Bürger Dirk Nierhoff hans-Michael Steffen Christoph Schramm University Hospital Cologne Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyCologneGermany University Hospital Jena Department of Internal Medicine IV-GastroenterologyHepatologyInfectious DiseaseJenaGermany University Hospital Frankfurt Department of Internal Medicine 1-Gastroenterology und HepatologyPulmonology und AllergologyEndocrinologyFrankfurtGermany Department of Medicine II Saarland University Medical CenterHomburgGermany Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University Hospital of EssenEssenGermany

Background and Aims:Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)surveillance in patients at risk is strongly recommended and usually performed by ultrasound(US)semiannually with or without alfa-fetoprotein(AFP)*** pa-rameters except for surveillance intervals have not been strictly *** aimed to evaluate surveillance success and risk factors for surveillance ***:Patients with≥1 US prior to HCC diagnosis performed at four tertiary referral hospitals in Germany between 2008 and 2019 were retrospectively *** success was defined as HCC detection within Milan ***:Only 47%of 156 patients,median age 63(interquartile range:57-70)years,56%male,and 96%with cirrhosis,received recom-mended surveillance modality and *** fail-ure occurred in 29%and was significantly associated with lower median model for end-stage liver disease(MELD)score odds ratio(OR)1.154,95%confidence interval(CI):1.027-1.297,p=0.025)and HCC localization within right liver lobe(OR:6.083,95%CI:1.303-28.407,p=0.022),but not with AFP≥200μg/*** with surveillance failure had sig-nificantly more intermediate/advanced tumor stages(93%vs.6%,p<0.001),fewer curative treatment options(15%vs.75%,p<0.001)and lower survival at 1 year(54%vs.75%,p=0.041),2 years(32%vs.57%,p=0.019)and 5 years(0%vs.16%,p=0.009).Alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(OR:6.1,95%CI:1.7-21.3,p=0.005)and ascites(OR:3.9,95%CI:1.2-12.6,p=0.021)were in-dependently associated with severe visual limitations on ***:US-based HCC surveillance in patients at risk frequently fails and its failure is associated with unfavorable patient-related *** MELD score and HCC lo-calization within right liver lobe were significantly associated with surveillance failure.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Surveillance success Screening Ultra-sound.

利用激光显微切割／压力弹射技术和纳流液相色谱／质谱／质谱联用系统(LC／MS／MS)对死后人脑组织中的蛋白质进行鉴定

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药物分析杂志 2004年第6期24卷 i001-i004页

作者： christian Sauber Bernd Sgmüller Manuela Neumann hans A.Kretschmar 安捷伦科技 PALM显微激光科技慕尼黑路德维希-马克西米利安大学

大多数神经退化性疾病，例如帕金森氏症、阿滋海默症等的在分子层面的发病机理目前尚不清楚．大多数蛋白质的表达分析都是在完整组织均质化制备的样品的基础上完成的．用这种方法制备的样品，没有提供特定细胞类型的相关改变的信息．本... 详细信息

大多数神经退化性疾病，例如帕金森氏症、阿滋海默症等的在分子层面的发病机理目前尚不清楚．大多数蛋白质的表达分析都是在完整组织均质化制备的样品的基础上完成的．用这种方法制备的样品，没有提供特定细胞类型的相关改变的信息．本研究的目的在于检查用激光显微切割方法制备死后脑组织单细胞类型样品能否用于蛋白质表达分析．

关键词：激光显微切割压力弹射技术纳流液相色谱质谱 LC/MS/MS 死后人脑组织蛋白质鉴定

Liraglutide as Add-on to Oral Antidiabetic Agents or Insulin in Routine Practice of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

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Journal of Diabetes Mellitus 2014年第2期4卷 148-154页

作者： christian Anholm hans Albert Frandsen Eva Christina Hojgaard Sigfusson Henrik Vestergaard Sten Madsbad Department of Endocrinology Herlev Hospital Copenhagen Denmark Department of Endocrinology Hvidovre Hospital Copenhagen Denmark Department of Internal Medicine Amager Hospital Copenhagen Denmark

Aims: To evaluate in a real-word routine-care practice the effect of liraglutide as add-on treatment in type 2 diabetic patients treated with oral antidiabetic agents and/or insulin. Methods: A retrospective study from 3 outpatient clinics in Copenhagen, Denmark, of all patients (n = 534) initiating treatment with liraglutide. 346 patients were treated ≥3 months. Excluded from analysis were: 107 patients changing from exenatide and 83 due to lack of clinical response or adverse events. Results: In 149 patients liraglutide was add-on to oral antidiabetic agents, most often metformin plus sulfonylurea (n = 86). Mean follow-up: 7.3 ± 3.0 months. HbA1c reduction: 1.3% ± 1.5% (15 ± 16 mmol/mol) from a baseline of 8.7% ± 1.5% (71 ± 16 mmol/mol). Weight reduction: –3.5 ± 4.9 kg from 105.2 ± 21.3 kg. Sulfonylurea treatment was stopped/dose reduced in 57% of these patients. In 114 patients liraglutide was add-on to insulin. Mean follow-up: 7.0 ± 3.1 months. HbA1c reduction: 0.8% ± 1.2% (8 mmol/mol) from a baseline of 8.7% ± 1.5% (71 ± 16 mmol/mol). Weight reduction: –5.1 ± 4.9 kg from 109.2 ± 22.1 kg. Baseline insulin dose of 83 ± 59 U/day was reduced by 28 ± 36 U/day. Insulin therapy could be stopped in 19% of these patients. Conclusions: Effects on HbA1c and weight of liraglutide as add-on to oral antidiabetic agents were not different from results previously published in randomised trials. Adding liraglutide to existing insulin regimens is an attractive treatment strategy in obese type 2 diabetic patients.

关键词： Type 2 Diabetes GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Liraglutide Insulin Treatment

Growth and form of Quercus robur and Fraxinus excelsior respond distinctly different to initial growing space: results from 24-year-old Nelder experiments

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Journal of Forestry Research 2013年第1期24卷 1-14页

作者： christian Kuehne Patrick Pyttel Edgar Kublin Jürgen Bauhus Institute of Silviculture University of FreiburgD-79085 Freiburg i.Br.Germany. Faculty of Forests and Forestry University of Applied Sciences Wei- henstephan-TriesdorfHans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 3D-85354 FreisingGermany Department of Biometry and Informatics Forest Research Station Baden-WürttembergPostfach 708D-79007 FreiburgGermany

Initial growing space is of critical importance to growth and quality development of individual trees. We investigated how mortality, growth （diameter at breast height, total height）, natural pruning （height to first dead and first live branch and branchiness） and stem and crown form of 24-year-old pedunculate oak （Quercus robur [L.]） and European ash （Fraxinus excelsior [L.]） were affected by initial spacing. Data were recorded from two replicate single-species Nelder wheels located in southern Germany with eight initial stocking regimes varying from 1,020 to 30,780 seedlings·ha？1. Mortality substantially decreased with increasing initial growing space but significantly differed among the two species, averaging 59% and 15% for oak and ash plots, respectively. In contrast to oak, the low self-thinning rate found in the ash plots over the investigated study period resulted in a high number of smaller intermediate or suppressed trees, eventually retarding individual tree as well as overall stand development. As a result, oak gained greater stem dimensions throughout all initial spacing regimes and the average height of ash significantly increased with initial growing space. The survival of lower crown class ashes also appeared to accelerate self-pruning dynamics. In comparison to oak, we observed less dead and live primary branches as well as a smaller number of epicormic shoots along the first 6 m of the lower stem of dominant and co-dominant ashes in all spacing regimes. Whereas stem form of both species was hardly affected by initial growing space, the percentage of brushy crowns significantly increased with initial spacing in oak and ash. Our findings suggest that initial stockings of ca. 12,000 seedlings per hectare in oak and 2,500 seedlings per hectare in ash will guarantee a sufficient number of at least 300 potential crop trees per hectare in pure oak and ash plantations at the end of the self-thinning phase, respectively. If the problem of epicormic shoots a

关键词： spacing trial stocking self-thinning intraspecific competition qualification spatially explicit modelling generalized additive model

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皇帝的新装

中学生英语（初中版） 2003年第15期 4-7页

作者： hans anderson 敏捷

Many years ago there lived an emperor wholoved beautiful new clothes so much that he spent allhis money on being finely *** only interestwas in going to the theater or in riding about in hiscarriage where he could show off his new *** a different costume for every hour of the ***, where it was said of other kings that theywere at court, it could only be said of him that hewas in his dressing room!

关键词：皇帝的新装

Automated Mineral Liberation Analysis on a Multipurpose SEM

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矿物学报 2013年第S1期33卷 15-15页

作者： christian Lang Matthew Hiscock Jussi Liipo hans Otterstroem Oxford Instruments Nanoanalysis Halifax RoadHigh WycombeHP12 3SEUnited Kingdom Outotec Research Center Kuparitie 10FI- 28101 PoriFinland Ottab Technologies Sturegatan 6211436 StockholmSweden

Ore grades are currently declining and mines are increasingly required to operate more efficiently in order to save costs and conserve resources. As a result, automated procedures to control and measure process efficiency have become popular: The demand for sustainable mining and metals processing is globally increasing. Mineral Liberation Analysis is a well established technique to analyse and optimize mining processes and its significance to process mineralogy studies and mineral & metallurgical processing has been widely reported. Dedicated systems consisting of an optimized scanning electron microscopes (SEM) and usually several X-ray detectors are an established solution. With the advent of large area SDDs (Silicon drift detector) and progress in stage automation on conventional SEMs, the speed of X-Ray acquisition is no longer a limiting factor. However, until now, the particle analysis packages on commercially available systems do not lend themselves to Mineral Liberation Analysis without significant modification. INCAMineral is a new solution for mineral liberation analysis which runs on conventional SEMs equipped with large area SDDs.

关键词： mineral liberation analysis scanning electron microscope EDS