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Disinfection byproducts in chlorinated or brominated swimming pools and spas: Role of brominated DBPs and association with mutagenicity

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第7期34卷 253-263页

作者： hannah k.liberatore Eric J.Daiber Sridevi A.Ravuri Judith E.Schmid Susan D.Richardson David M.DeMarini Air Methods and Characterization Division Center for Environmental Measurement and ModelingU.S.Environmental Protection AgencyResearch Triangle ParkNC 27711USA Student Services Authority U.S.Environmental Protection AgencyNational Exposure Research LaboratoryAthensGA 30605USA National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory U.S.Environmental Protection AgencyResearch Triangle ParkNC 27711USA Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South CarolinaColumbiaSC 29208USA

Although the health benefits of swimming are well-documented, health effects such as asthma and bladder cancer are linked to disinfection by-products(DBPs) in pool water. DBPs are formed from the reaction of disinfectants such as chlorine(Cl) or bromine(Br) with organics in the water. Our previous study(Daiber et al., Environ. Sci. Technol. 50, 6652;2016) found correlations between the concentrations of classes of DBPs and the mutagenic potencies of waters from chlorinated or brominated swimming pools and spas. We extended this study by identifying significantly different concentrations of 21 individual DBPs in brominated or chlorinated pool and spa waters as well as identifying which DBPs and additional DBP classes were most associated with the mutagenicity of these waters. Using data from our previous study, we found that among 21 DBPs analyzed in 21 pool and spa waters, the concentration of bromoacetic acid was significantly higher in Brwaters versus Cl-waters, whereas the concentration of trichloroacetic acid was significantly higher in Cl-waters. Five Br-DBPs(tribromomethane, dibromochloroacetic acid, dibromoacetonitrile, bromoacetic acid, and tribromoacetic acid) had significantly higher concentrations in Br-spa versus Cl-spa waters. Cl-pools had significantly higher concentrations of ClDBPs(trichloroacetaldehyde, trichloromethane, dichloroacetic acid, and chloroacetic acid), whereas Br-pools had significantly higher concentrations of Br-DBPs(tribromomethane, dibromoacetic acid, dibromoacetonitrile, and tribromoacetic acid). The concentrations of the sum of all 4 trihalomethanes, all 11 Br-DBPs, and all 5 nitrogen-containing DBPs were each significantly higher in brominated than in chlorinated pools and spas. The 8 Br-DBPs were the only DBPs whose individual concentrations were significantly correlated with the mutagenic potencies of the pool and spa waters. These results, along with those from our earlier study, highlight the importance of Br-DBPs in the muta

关键词： Swimming pools Hot tubs Mutagenicity Disinfection byproducts Spas

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Disinfection byproducts and halogen-specific total organic halogen speciation in chlorinated source waters——The impact of iopamidol and bromide

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2020年第3期32卷 90-101页

作者： Nana Osei B.Ackerson hannah k.liberatore Michael J.Plewa Susan D.Richardson Thomas A.Ternes Stephen E.Duirk Department of Civil Engineering University of AkronAkronOH 44325USA Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South CarolinaColumbiaSC 29208USA Department of Crop Sciences and Safe Global Water Institute University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIL 61801USA Federal Institute of Hydrology(BfG) D-56068 KoblenzGermany

This study investigated the speciation of halogen-specific total organic halogen and disinfection byproducts(DBPs) upon chlorination of natural organic matter(NOM) in the presence of iopamidol and bromide(Br^-).Experiments were conducted with low bromide source waters with different NOM characteristics from Northeast Ohio,USA and varied spiked levels of bromide(2-30 μmol/L) and iopamidol(1-5 μmol/L).Iopamidol was found to be a direct precursor to trihalomethane(THM) and haloacetic acid formation,and in the presence of Br^-favored brominated *** concentration and speciation of DBPs formed were impacted by iopamidol and bromide concentrations,as well as the presence of *** iopamidol increased the concentration of iodinated DBPs(iodo-DBPs) and THMs ***,as Br^-concentrations increased,the concentrations of nonbrominated iodo-and chloro-DBPs decreased while brominated-DBPs *** of the concentration of either iopamidol or bromide,bromochloroiodomethane(CHBrClI) was the most predominant iodo-DBP formed except at the lowest bromide concentration *** relevant concentrations of iopamidol(1 μmol/L) and bromide(2 μmol/L),significant quantities of highly toxic iodinated and brominated DBPs were ***,the rapid oxidation and incorporation of bromide appear to inhibit iodoDBP formation under conditions relevant to drinking water treatment.

关键词： Iopamidol Total organic halogen(TOX) Disinfection byproducts(DBPs) Chlorine Natural organic matter(NOM) pH

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Showering in Flint, MI: Is there a DBP problem?

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第8期29卷 271-284页

作者： Joshua M.Allen Amy A.Cuthbertson hannah k.liberatore Susana Y.kimura Anurag Mantha Marc A.Edwards Susan D.Richardson Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South Carolina the Department of Chemistry University of Calgary Civil and Environmental Engineering Virginia Tech

Lead contamination in the City of Flint, MI has been well documented over the past two years, with lead levels above the EPA Action Level until summer 2016. This resulted from an ill-fated decision to switch from Detroit water（Lake Huron） with corrosion control, to Flint River water without corrosion control. Although lead levels are now closer to normal,reports of skin rashes have sparked questions surrounding tap water in some Flint *** study investigated the presence of contaminants, including disinfection by-products（DBPs）, in the hot tap water used for showering in the homes of residents in Flint. Extensive quantitative analysis of 61 regulated and priority unregulated DBPs was conducted in Flint hot and cold tap water, along with the analysis of 50 volatile organic compounds and a nontarget comprehensive, broadscreen analysis, to identify a possible source for the reported skin rashes. For comparison, chlorinated hot and cold waters from three other cities were also sampled, including Detroit, which also uses Lake Huron as its source *** showed that hot water samples generally contained elevated levels of regulated and priority unregulated DBPs compared to cold water samples, but trihalomethanes were still within regulatory limits. Overall, hot shower water from Flint was similar to waters sampled from the three other cities and did not have unusually high levels of DBPs or other organic chemicals that could be responsible for the skin rashes observed by residents. It is possible that an inorganic chemical or microbial contaminant may be responsible.

关键词： Disinfection by-products Disinfection byproducts DBPs Flint Hot water Showering Bathing Drinking water

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Impact of chlorine exposure time on disinfection byproduct formation in the presence of iopamidol and natural organic matter during chloramination

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第4期31卷 204-214页

作者： Nana Osei B.Ackerson Alexis H.killinger hannah k.liberatore Thomas A.Ternes Michael J.Plewa Susan D.Richardson Stephen E.Duirk Department of Civil Engineering University of Akron Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South Carolina Federal Institute of Hydrology (BfG) Department of Crop Sciences and Safe Global Water Institute and NSF Science and Technology Center of Advanced Materials for the Purification of Water with Systems University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Chloramines,in practice,are formed onsite by adding ammonia to chlorinated drinking water to achieve the required *** regulated disinfection byproducts(DBPs)are reduced during chloramine disinfection,other DBPs such as iodinated(iodo-)DBPs,that elicit greater toxicity are *** objective of this study was to investigate the impact of prechlorination time on the formation of both halogen-specific total organic halogen(TOX)and iodo/chlorinated(chloro-)DBPs during prechlorination/chloramination in source waters(SWs)containing iopamidol,an X-ray contrast *** SW(BSW)and Cleveland SW(CSW)containing iopamidol were prechlorinated for 5–60 min and afterwards chloraminated for 72 hr with ammonium *** contact time(CCT)did not significantly impact total organic iodine(TOI)concentrations after prechlorination or *** of total organic chlorine(TOCl)formed during prechlorination did not significantly change regardless of pH and prechlorination time,whileTOClappearedtodecreaseafter 72 ***(CHCl_2I)formation during prechlorination did not exhibit any significant trends as a function of p H or CCT,but after chloramination,significant increases were observed at pHs 6.5 and 7.5 with respect to ***-HAAs were not formed during prechlorination but were detected after *** quantities of chloroform(CHCl_3)and trichloroacetic acid(TCAA)were formed during prechlorination but formation ceased upon ammonia ***,prechlorination studies should measure TOX and DBP concentrations prior to ammonia addition to obtain data regarding the initial conditions.

关键词： Prechlorinaton Iopamidol Monochloramine Disinfection byproducts(DBPs) Total organic chlorine(TOCl) Total organic iodine(TOI)

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Integrated Multidisciplinary Management of Alcoholassociated Liver Disease

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2023年第6期11卷 1404-1412页

作者： Malia Holbeck hannah Statz DeVries Ashwani k.Singal Addiction Medicine Avera McKennan University HospitalUniversity of South DakotaSioux FallsSDUSA Psychiatry Avera McKennan University HospitalUniversity of South DakotaSioux FallsSDUSA Transplant Hepatology Avera McKennan University HospitalUniversity of South DakotaSioux FallsSDUSA

Alcohol-associated liver disease(ALD)is one of the most common liver diseases and indications for liver transplantation(LT).Alcohol use disorder(AUD),a frequent accompaniment in ALD patients,may also be associated with psychiatric comorbidities such as depression and *** of ALD at an earlier stage,and treatment of AUD may help prevent progression to advanced stage of ALD such as cirrhosis and alcoholic *** for alcohol use and AUD treatment in ALD patients is often not performed due to several barriers at the level of patients,clinicians,and administrative *** review details the integrated multidisciplinary care model especially on the specific role of the hepatologist,psychiatrist,addiction counselor,and social worker in providing complete management for the dual pathology of liver disease and of *** assessment,pharmacological and behavioral therapies,and recommended assessments for follow-up care by the respective specialists is *** provide perspective along with the literature support,with the goal of providing team based comprehensive care of patients with ALD.

关键词： Alcohol Cirrhosis Liver transplant Depression Anxiety Multidisciplinary

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Regulation of enolase activation to promote neural protection and regeneration in spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第7期18卷 1457-1462页

作者： hannah MMcCoy Rachel Polcyn Naren LBanik Azizul Haque Department of Microbiology and Immunology Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSCUSA Department of Neurosurgery Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSCUSA Ralph H.Johnson Veterans Administration Medical Center CharlestonSCUSA

Spinal cord injury(SCI)is a debilitating condition characterized by damage to the spinal cord resulting in loss of function,mobility,and sensation with no *** and Drug Administration-approved ***,a multifunctional glycolytic enzyme upregulated after SCI,promotes pro-and anti-inflammatory events and regulates functional recovery in *** is normally expressed in the cytosol,but the expression is upregulated at the cell surface following cellular injury,promoting glial cell activation and signal transduction pathway ***-induced microglia activation triggers pro-inflammatory mediators at the injury site,activating other immune cells and metabolic events,i.e.,Rho-associated kinase,contributing to the neuroinflammation found in *** surface expression also activates cathepsin X,resulting in cleavage of the C-terminal end of neuron-specific enolase(NSE)and non-neuronal enolase(NNE).Fully functional enolase is necessary as NSE/NNE C-terminal proteins activate many neurotrophic processes,i.e.,the plasminogen activation system,phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase/protein kinase B,and mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated *** here suggest an enolase inhibitor,ENOblock,attenuates the activation of Rho-associated kinase,which may decrease glial cell activation and promote functional recovery following ***,ENOblock inhibits cathepsin X,which may help prevent the cleavage of the neurotrophic C-terminal protein allowing full plasminogen activation and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase *** combined NSE/cathepsin X inhibition may serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for preventing neuroinflammation/degeneration and promoting neural cell regeneration and recovery following *** role of cell membrane-expressed enolase and associated metabolic events should be investigated to determine if the same strategies can be applied to other neu

关键词： cathepsin X ENOblock enolase glia mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase neurodegeneration neuroinflammation phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase/protein kinase B Rho-associated protein kinase spinal cord injury

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Hyperresolution information and hyperresolution ignorance in modelling the hydrology of the land surface

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Science China Earth Sciences 2015年第1期58卷 25-35页

作者： keith BEVEN hannah CLOkE Florian PAPPENBERGER Rob LAMB Neil HUNTER Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster UniversityLancaster LA1 4YQUK and Department of Earth SciencesUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden Department of Geography and Environmental Science Department of MeteorologyUniversity of ReadingReadingUK European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts ReadingUK School of Geographical Sciences University of BristolBristolUK College of Hydrology and Water Resources Hehai University JBA Trust South BarnBroughton HallSkipton BD23 3AEUK JBA Consulting South BarnBroughton HallSkipton BD23 3AEUK

There is a strong drive towards hyperresolution earth system models in order to resolve finer scales of motion in the *** problem of obtaining more realistic representation of terrestrial fluxes of heat and water,however,is not just a problem of moving to hyperresolution grid *** is much more a question of a lack of knowledge about the parameterisation of processes at whatever grid scale is being used for a wider modelling *** grid scales cannot alone solve the problem of this hyperresolution *** paper discusses these issues in more detail with specific reference to land surface parameterisations and flood inundation *** importance of making local hyperresolution model predictions available for evaluation by local stakeholders is *** is expected that this will be a major driving force for improving model performance in the future.

关键词： hyperresolution models epistemic uncertainties models of everywhere communicating uncertainty flood risk

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Soil microbes weaken the positive effect of an aquaticterrestrial subsidy on plant performance

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2021年第1期14卷 108-116页

作者： Alejandra B.Garcia hannah Locke kerri M.Crawford Department of Biology and Biochemistry University of HoustonHoustonTX 77204USA

Aims Linkages formed through aquatic-terrestrial subsidies can play an important role in structuring communities and mediating ecosystem ***-terrestrial subsidies may be especially important in nutrient-poor ecosystems,such as the freshwater sand dunes surrounding Lake *** midges emerge from Lake Michigan in the spring,swarm to mate and *** carcasses form mounds at the base of plants,where they may in crease plant productivity through their nutrient ***,the effect of aquatic-terrestrial subsidies on plant productivity could depend on other biotic *** particular,soil microbes might play a key role in facilitating the conversion of nutrients to plant-available forms or competing for the nutrients with *** In a greenhouse experiment,we tested how carcasses from lake emerge nt midges(Chironomidae)and soil microbes indepe ndently and interactively influe need the performance of a common dune grass,Calamovilfa *** determine whether midges influenced abiotic soil properties,we measured how midge additions influe need soil nutrients and soil *** Findings Midges greatly increased plant biomass,while soil microbes in flue need the magnitude of this *** the absence of soil microbes plant biomass was seven times greater with midges than without ***,in the presence of soil microbes,plant biomass was only three times *** effect of midges might be driven by their nutrient inputs into the soil,as midges contained 100 times more N,10 times more P and 150 times more k than dune soils *** results suggest that soil microbes may be competing with plants for these *** sum,we found that midges can be an important aquatic-terrestrial subsidy that produces strong,positive effects on plant productivity along the shorelines of Lake Michigan,but that the impact of aquatic-terrestrial subsidies must be considered within the context of the complex interactions that take

关键词： aquatic-terrestrial subsidies Calamovilfa longifolia lake emergent midges sand dunes soil microbes

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Patterns of in-hospital mortality and bleeding complications following PCI for very elderly patients： insights from the Dartmouth Dynamic Registry

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2018年第2期15卷 131-136页

作者： Shawn X Li hannah I Chaudry Jiyong Lee Theodore B Curran Vishesh kumar kendrew k Wong Bruce W Andrus James T DeVries Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine Hanover NH USA Department of Internal Medicine Dartmouth-Hitcheock Medical Center Lebanon NH USA Section of Cardiovascular Medicine Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center Lebanon NH USA

Background Very elderly patients （age 〉 85 years） are a rapidly increasing segment of the population. As a group, they experience high rates of in-hospital mortality and bleeding complications following percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI）. However, the relationship between bleeding and mortality in the very elderly is unknown. Methods Retrospective review was performed on 17,378 consecutive PCI procedures from 2000 to 2015 at Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center. Incidence of bleeding during the index PCI admission （bleeding requiring transfusion, access site hematoma 〉 5 cm, pseudoaneurysm, and retroperitoneal bleed） and in-hospital mortality were reported for four age groups （〈 65 years, 65-74 years, 75-84 years, and ≥ 85 years）. The mortality of patients who suffered bleeding complications and those who did not was calculated and multivariate analysis was performed for in-hospital mortality. Lastly, known predictors of bleeding were compared between patients age 〈 85 years and age ≥85 years. Results Of 17,378 patients studied, 1019 （5.9%） experienced bleeding and 369 （2.1%） died in-hospital following PCI. Incidence of bleeding and in-hospital mortality increased monotonically with increasing age （mortality： 0.94%, 2.27%, 4.24% and 4.58%; bleeding： 3.96%, 6.62%, 10.68% and 13.99% for ages 〈 65, 65-4, 75-84 and ≥ 85 years, respectively）. On multivariate analysis, bleeding was associated with increased mortality for all age groups except patients age ≥85 years [odds ratio （95% CI）： age 〈 65 years, 3.65 （1.99-6.74）; age 65-74 years, 2.83 （1.62-4.94）; age 75-84 years, 3.86 （2.56-5.82）, age ≥ 85 years 1.39 （0.49-3.95）]. Conclusions Bleeding and mortality following PCI increase with increasing age. For the very elderly, despite high rates of bleeding, bleeding is no longer predictive of in-hospital mortality following PCI.

关键词： Complications In-hospital mortality Percutaneous coronary intervention The elderly

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Changes of water chemistry from rainfall to stream flow in Obagbile Catchment, Southwest Nigeria

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Regional Sustainability 2022年第2期3卷 170-181页

作者： Mojisola hannah OMOGBEHIN Isaac Ayo OLUWATIMILEHIN Department of Geography Obafemi Awolowo UniversityIle Ife220101Nigeria

Water chemistry changes when it flows through different *** study aims to characterize the differences of water(including rainwater,overland flow,soil water,groundwater,and stream water)chemistry of five kinds of water in Obagbile Catchment in Southwest Nigeria,determine the changes in water chemistry that occur as the water moves from one pathway to another,and identify the factors responsible for the water chemistry *** do these,we collected 50 water samples from 10 heavy storms that received equal to or more than 10 mm of rain within an hour to test the changes of water chemical properties across various pathways in this *** results show that overland flow had the highest p H and electrical conductivity(EC)and rainwater had the lowest values of the two ***^(2+),Mg^(2+),Cl^(ˉ),and HCOO^(ˉ) were found to have their highest concentrations in stream water;meanwhile,NO_(3)^(–),NH_(4)^(+),and SO_(4)^(2–) were found to have almost the same low concentrations in all the water samples.k+was only dominant in stream water;while dissolved organic carbon(DOC)was lowest in rainwater,same in overland flow,soil water,and groundwater samples,and highest in stream *** component analysis(PCA)showed that for all the water samples from different pathways,two factors mainly accounted for the total *** two factors were related to the crustal and anthropogenic sources in rainwater,suggesting that the high loadings of major cations(e.g.,Ca^(2+) and Mg^(2+)) in rainwater samples are *** PCA for the overland flow and soil water showed strong correlations among pH,EC,and the concentrations of Na^(+),Mg^(2+),HCOO^(-),and CH_(3)COO^(-),while the high loadings of all the parameters and the strong correlations among each other were evident in the stream *** conclusion,the chemical constituents found in water are also the components of pathways through which the water *** major factors responsible for the change in the

关键词： Water chemistry Rainwater Overland flow Soil water Obagbile Catchment Principal component analysis

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