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Consumers’ Perception and Knowledge of Food Additives in Senegal: A Pilot Study

Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第1期14卷 38-50页

作者： Alé Kane hamidou mbodji Papa Mamadou Dit Doudou Sylla Alioune Sow Abdoulaye Tamba Malick Mbengue Mady Cissé Laboratory of Biological Agronomic and Food Sciences and Complex Systems Modelling (LABAAM) University Gaston Berger (UGB) Saint-Louis Senegal UFR of Agronomic Sciences Aquaculture and Food Technology (UFR S2ATA) UGB Saint-Louis Senegal Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Biology University Cheikh Anta Diop of Dakar Dakar Senegal

Food safety has become a major concern for consumers, as well as a priority for regulatory authorities. Faced with the growing industrial and domestic use of food additives, many questions are being asked and concerns are being felt by consumers around the world. Consumer perception defines the acceptability or rejection of food products, and has an impact on consumption patterns and behavior. To assess the level of knowledge and perception of food additives, a pilot study was carried out on a sample of 200 people in Dakar and Saint-Louis. A questionnaire was used to assess the acceptance or rejection, use and impact of food additives by consumers in Senegal. The results revealed several aspects. On the whole, the people surveyed expressed great mistrust and even rejection of these substances added to food products. This consumer perception is shared throughout the world, as indicated in numerous surveys. It also emerges from this study that, although most consumers are aware of the existence of these additives and their uses in the home, they feel that the use of these substances in industrial production is too excessive. What’s more, consumers associate food additives with numerous pathologies such as cancer, diabetes, hypertension, stroke and even sexual impotence. For some of these indexed pathologies, scientific studies have reached the same conclusions, although controversy still persists. On the other hand, for some of the other adverse effects mentioned, no cause-and-effect relationship has been scientifically demonstrated. In these latter cases, it seems that negative communication, misinformation and misconceptions have a major influence on consumer perception of food additives.

关键词： Consumer Survey Food Additives Knowledge Perception Senegal

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A Generic and Reliable Land Acquisition Protocol Implementation for Sub-Saharan Africa Countries

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Journal of Computer and Communications 2024年第1期12卷 208-245页

作者： Bayomock Linwa André Claude Traore hamidou Department of Computer Science International University of Grand-Bassam Grand-Bassam Ivory Coast

Land acquisition is subject of many frauds worldwide. In Africa countries, land acquisition frauds are a real curse. Main reasons of the high land acquisition frauds in Africa are a lack of a reliable land acquisition protocol implementation, no centralized information system that records land transactions and integrates all actors, lack of education about the acquisition protocol and lack of applied sanctions in case of frauds. As of sanctions, the issue is bound to the corruption plague in Africa. Authorities that are supposed to rule the laws are not well paid and are part of the corruption scheme. Most frequent frauds are multiple sales of the same land, falsified land title, false owner identification. In Africa, a land belongs generally to the first residents of the area. To claim ownership of a land, an owner should be recognized by the rural or city authorities. To achieve this recognition, he must obtain from those authorities an attribution letter. The author proposed a complete and reliable land acquisition protocol named ACLAP (Africa Countries Land Acquisition Protocol). The purpose of this paper is to explain the main components of the protocol implementation and show its efficiency when confronting fraud threats. In this paper, a Generic and Reliable Land Acquisition Protocol Implementation in Sub-Saharan Africa countries context is proposed. The platform keeps relevant land transaction information for administrators, managers, buyers, sellers, or for people consultation purpose. The application may be used in village, city, department, region, or country for land management decision making.

关键词： Land Acquisition Protocol Reliable Africa

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Prevalence of Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Heart Diseases within the Urban and Rural Communities of the Town of Bougouni and Its Surroundings (Southern Mali): A Comparative Study

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases 2024年第9期14卷 603-611页

作者： Adama Sogodogo René Marie Dakouo hamidou Camara Ladji Traore Amadou Coulibaly hamidou Oumar Ba Noumou Sidibé Ibrahim Sangaré Boubacar Diarra Ichaka Menta Gabriel Toure University Hospital Bamako Mali Center Medical Clinic Bougouni Mali

In Mali, few studies have been conducted on the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and diseases according to place of residence. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of risk factors and cardiovascular diseases according to residents in town of Bougouni and its rural area (southern Mali). Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive study from February 2019 to March 2024. All patients who visited the “CENTRE MEDICAL DE BOUGOUNI” clinic with known or suspected heart disease during the study period were included. Data were collected from medical records. Incomplete or unusable records were excluded. Data were processed using SPS version 22 software. Results: we included 452 patients with an average age of 50 ± 19 years. High blood pression has been found in 42.70% of cases, with higher prevalence in urban areas (47.01%) than in rural areas (41.50%). Diabetes and smoking were found respectively 5.31% and 8.19% in our population. The prevalence of diabetes was higher in urban areas (5.97%) than rural area (5.35%). smoking prevalence was higher in rural areas (8.49%) than urban areas (6.72%). Alcoholism was found in 2.21% of cases with a little difference between rural area (2.24%) and urban area (2.20%). 31.63% of our patients had no cardiovascular factor. Dyspnea was the reason of consultation in 5.75% of cases and atypical precordialgia in 13.72%. Headaches and dizziness in 8.63% of cases and 21.90% of patients presented other non-specific symptoms. Diagnosis of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy was found in 23.45% of cases with higher prevalence in rural areas (28.30%) than urban areas (13.43%). Ischaemic heart disease accounted for 9.29% of cases with a higher prevalence in rural areas (10.38%) than in urban areas (6.71%). PPCMs accounted for 5.98% of cases, with a slight increase in urban areas (6.66%) compared with rural areas (5.68%). Rheumatic valvulopathy accounted for 2.21% of cases;2.84% in rural areas and 0.74% in urban areas. Other valv

关键词： Prevalence Cardiovascular Risk Factors Cardiovascular Diseases Rural and Urban Areas Bougouni-Mali

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Cost-Effective Monitoring of the Fuel Air Equivalence-Ratio with a Lambda Sensor and a Microcontroller in a Downdraft Biomass Gasifier

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第2期14卷 545-560页

作者： Jean Fidele Nzihou Salou hamidou Ousmane Zoundi Frederic Ouattara Bila Gerard Segda Formation and Research Unit in Sciences and Technologies University Norbert ZONGO Koudougou Burkina-Faso

The operation of biomass treatment devices such as gasifiers is based on the control of key parameters that play an important role in product formation. These include: temperature, excess oxygen, relative humidity and biomass composition. This work focuses on excess oxygen and temperature. Unfortunately, flue gas oxygen analyzers are expensive and not accessible to small industries. However, the equivalence ratio is linked to excess oxygen and has the advantage of not depending on biomass composition. This study therefore focuses on the design and development of a device for controlling this equivalence ratio by measuring oxygen concentration using a self-propelled Lambda probe, and a system for monitoring this equivalence ratio using an Arduino Uno 3 microcontroller. The temperature is recorded with an accuracy of ±1.5°C. For a heating time of 10 minutes, the response time to temperature change is around 3 seconds, which is sufficient for the device to function properly. This simple device is an efficient and cost-effective means of checking the equivalence ratio.

关键词： Equivalence Ratio Biomass Gasification Lambda Sensor Microcontroller C++

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Cotton Leafhoppers, Amrasca biguttula (Ishida, 1913) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), Identified as a New Species on Okra and Guinea Sorrel in Niger

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Advances in Entomology 2024年第3期12卷 183-194页

作者： Zinsou François-Xavier Akonde Ousmane Zakari Moussa Sanoussi Atta Idriss hamidou Leyo Iro Dan Guimbo Agricultural Zoology Laboratory AGRHYMET Regional Center Niamey Niger Faculty of Agronomy Abdou Moumouni University Niamey Niger

Leafhoppers (jassids) are well-known pests of vegetable crops in Niger. They are often part of a parasitic complex that causes varying degrees of damage. Over the last two crop years, the Niamey region has seen a heavy outbreak of leaf hoppers on okra and guinea sorrel. These insects alone have caused spectacular damage, resulting in losses ranging from 50% to 100% of unharvested plants. Following this observation, infested fields were surveyed, specimens sampled, and the responsible species identified. Two sites were surveyed in the city of Niamey. At each site, two plots of okra and two of guinea sorrel were visited. Fifty (50) plants were randomly sampled using the double “W” method per plot. The sampled plants were used for active and passive leaf hopper capture, damage description and loss assessment. Captured leaf hoppers were identified based on their morphology observed with a binocular magnifying glass and compared with the data in the identification keys. The symptoms observed in the plots were yellowing, leaf curling and drying, stunting, abortion of flowers and immature fruit and very low production. Identification results revealed the single species Amrasca biguttula (Ishida, 1913), which can be considered a new invasive species in Niger. Further confirmation of this identification by molecular tests, the distribution of the pest in Niger and the development of appropriate control methods would yield good prospects.

关键词： Amrasca biguttula Guinea Sorrel Niger Okra Survey

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Review of Two Years of Surgical Activities of the General Surgery Department of the Reference Health Center of Commune I of Bamako Mali

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Surgical Science 2024年第4期15卷 195-206页

作者： Tounkara Cheickna Cisse Amadou Beydi Samake hamidou Diarra Issaka Sanogo Modibo Diarra Bogoba Doumbia Seydou Yena Sadio Department of General Surgery of the Reference Health Center of Commune I Bamako Mali Directorate of Social and Health Services of the Armed Forces of Mali Department of Public Health of the Faculty of Medicine and Odontology-Stomatology Bamako Mali Department of Surgery Mali Hospital Bamako Mali

The objectives of this work were to evaluate the surgical activities carried out in the general surgery department of the Reference Health Center of Commune I of Bamako, to describe the sociodemographic characteristics of the operated patients, to determine the main pathologies encountered and to evaluate qualitatively the result of the treatment. In order to improve performance, and the quality of care, and to identify common pathologies in the surgical department, we undertook a retrospective study on surgical activities from January 2009 to December 2010. At the end of this study, out of 474 men and 187 women (equal sex ratio 2.53);we were able to determine the frequency of surgical pathologies. Farmers, housewives and pupils/students were the most represented with 25.9% respectively;20% and 13.3%. The most frequently observed pathologies were wall hernia (44.8%), prostate adenoma (12%) and acute appendicitis (10.5%). The average length of hospitalization was 3.43 days. Infectious complications affected 25 patients (3.8% of cases) and a death rate of 0.45% (i.e. 3 patients). The average cost of care was 53,500 FCFA. Indeed, the reality of surgical practice in health centers was not the same because of the level of skills of practicing surgeons.

关键词： Assessment Surgical Activities 2 Years Reference Health Center of Commune I Bamako

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Therapeutic Compliance of Hypertensive Patients Followed in Ambulatory in the Cardiology Department of Kati University Hospital

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases 2024年第5期14卷 333-342页

作者： Boubacar Sonfo Coumba Thiam Mariam Sako Massama Konaté Youssouf Camara Mamadou Touré Boubacar Diarra Diakaridja Sacko Samba Sidibé Bassan Diarra hamidou Camara Asmaou Keita Konimba Diarra hamidou Oumar Bâ Ibrahima Sangaré Youssouf Guindo Sanoussi Daffe Daouda Fofana Souleymane Coulibaly Ichaka Menta Department of Cardiology University Hospital Bocar Sidy Sall Kati Mali Department of Cardiology University Hospital of Point G Bamako Mali Department of Cardiology Mali Hospital Bamako Mali Department of Cardiology University Hospital Mother-Child Luxembourg Bamako Mali Department of Cardiology University Hospital Gabriel Tour&#233 Bamako Mali Department of Cardiology Kayes Hospital Kayes Mali

Introduction: High blood pressure is a major public health problem worldwide due to its frequency and cardiovascular complications. Adherence to treatment for chronic diseases is a global problem. The aim was to study therapeutic adherence in hypertensive patients followed in ambulatory. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive study with prospective recruitment that took place from July 1 to December 31, 2022 (6 months) in the cardiology department of the university hospital of Kati. The variables studied were sociodemographic data, cardiovascular risk factors, comorbidities, the possession of insurance and compliance (the Girerd questionnaire was used to assess adherence). Results: A total of 1182 patients were consulted, including 887 for hypertension, a frequency of 75%. Fifty-six patients were included in the study. The average age was 58.18 ± 13.25 years with extremes of 30 and 80 years. There was a female predominance (75%) with a sex ratio of 0.3. The majority of patients lived in urban areas (89.3%). Out-of-school patients accounted for 44.6%, more than half of patients or 55.4% had no income, patients with medical coverage accounted for 67.9% of cases. The main risk factors were physical inactivity (25%) followed by smoking 14.3%. More than 71% of patients had a compliance problem and the main reasons were forgetting to take the drug with 73.2%, followed by delayed treatment of 50% and drug discontinuation of 28.6%. Conclusion: Compliance is a real challenge and a major public health issue. This study allowed us to find a real problem of compliance in our hypertensive patients. There was a statistically significant relationship between drug adherence and forgetting to take the drug and drug discontinuation.

关键词： Hypertensive Therapeutic Adherence University Hospital of Kati

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Tuberculosis in the Carcinal Environment in Chad Due to the Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Circulante Complex

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第2期12卷 214-224页

作者： Ahmat Idriss Ahmat Mahamat Tahir Ngaré Hassan Ngandolo Bongo Nare Richard Mahamat Adanao Adoudou Mbah Ntepe Leonel Javeres hamidou Yacoubou Ali Mahamat Moussa Laboratory for Diagnostic Research and Scientific Expertise University of N’Djamena N’Djamena Chad Veterinary and Zootechnical Research Laboratory of Farcha N’Djamena Livestock and Development Research Institute N’Djamena Chad Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plant Studies (IMPM) Ministry of Scientific Research and Innovation Yaoundé Cameroon Cameroon Ministry of Public Health Yaoundé Cameroon Faculty of Human Health Sciences University of N’Djamena N’Djamena Chad

Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious infectious disease and its control is considered a challenge, particularly among vulnerable populations such as prisoners. The prevalence of TB in prisons is an alarming public health problem in many countries. The aim of this study is to describe the epidemiology of tuberculosis and the strategies for controlling this disease in the Chadian prison population. During the course of our study, the prevalence of tuberculosis in prisons was 9.64%. The age group between 55 years and over (43.33%) was the most represented in this study, and all patients were men with a frequency of 62.66%. The cross-tabulation of Culture_7H9G and Culture_7H9P showed that out of our total positive sample, we found a total of 87 positive strains and 63 negative strains. Our study shows that it is essential to know the prevalence of tuberculosis in all the country’s prisons. Indeed, this can serve as an indication of the need for action in prisons to reduce TB rates, in particular by improving the structure of prison environments, diagnosing new cases quickly and accurately, identifying drug-resistant strains and implementing effective, direct treatment observed in people with tuberculosis.

关键词： Mycobacterium Prison Tuberculosis and Chad

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Postoperative Complications in the General Surgery Department of the Cs Ref of Commune I of the District of Bamako Mali

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Surgical Science 2024年第6期15卷 409-419页

作者： Tounkara Cheickna Samake hamidou Dembele Lamine Diarra Issaka Togola Modibo Sanogo Modibo Dembele Bakary Tientigui Traore Alhassane Togo Adégné Pierre Kante Lassana Department of General Surgery Reference Health Center of Commune I of Bamako Bamako Mali Directorate of Social and Health Services of the Armies Bamako Mali Department of General Surgery CHU Gabriel Tour Bamako Mali

Postoperative complications represent important indicators for the quality of surgical care. The objectives of this work were to study post-operative complications in the general surgery department of the Cs ref of commune I in Mali, to determine the frequency of post-operative complications, to identify the factors of occurrence, to describe the clinical aspects, diagnostic and therapeutic in order to assess the additional cost linked to post-operative complications. This study was prospective, carried out in the general surgery department on 300 cases of surgical interventions. It covered all patients aged at least 15 years, operated on and hospitalized or not, and who presented complications during the 30 days postoperatively. Patients under the age of 15 were not included (our general surgery department is not a pediatric surgery department). We collected 300 patients among whom 199 (66.33%) were men and 101 (33.66%) women, i.e. a sex ratio = 1.9. The average age was 38 years with extremes of 15 and 87 years. The main initial diagnoses were: acute appendicitis, peritonitis, occlusions, wall hernias, hemorrhoids, uterine prolapse, uterine myomas, ovarian cysts and acute cholecystitis. Emergencies represented 43% (N = 129) of interventions with 6.98% post-operative complications (POC). Postoperative complications were dominated by surgical site infections, 75% of cases (N = 20), wall hemorrhage 5% (N = 1), testicular necrosis 5% (N = 1) and testicular calcification 5% (N = 1), wire rejection 5% (N = 1) and death 5% (N = 1). The management of postoperative complications was surgical in 95% and medical in 100%. Their occurrence extended the hospital stay by 3.65 days and increased the average cost of care by 60541.85 CFA francs. The mortality index lowered by efficient management of complications (IMAGE) calculated in relation to deaths was 95% of cases. Anemia, ASA score ≥ III, Alteimeir II and IV classes, duration of surgery and post-operative hospitalization were

关键词： Complications Post Opératoires Chirurgie Cs Ref CI Bamako Mali

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Clinical and Therapeutic Aspects of Inguinal Hernia in Children in the General Surgery Department of Reference Health Center in Commune I of Bamako Mali

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Surgical Science 2024年第2期15卷 54-63页

作者： Tounkara Cheickna Samake hamidou Simpara Mama Diarra Issaka Sanogo Modibo Sidibe Souleymane Togola Modibo Dembele Bakary Tientigui Coulibaly Yacaria Togo Pierre Adégné Kante Lassana Department of General Surgery the Reference Health Center of Commune I Bamako Mali Directorate of Social Health Service the Armed Forces of Mali Bamako Mali Department of Pediatric Surgery Mali Hospital Bamako Mali Department of General Surgery the Gabriel TOURE University Hospital Bamako Mali Department of Pediatric Surgery Gabriel TOURE University Hospital Bamako Mali

Inguinal hernia in children is a congenital pathology in children linked to the persistence of the peritoneo-vaginal canal in children and the NüCK canal in girls;persisting into adulthood. This work aimed to study inguinal hernia in children in the general surgery department of the Reference Health Center of Commune I of the Bamako District;to determine the frequency of inguinal hernia;describe the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic aspects of inguinal hernias and in order to evaluate the cost of treatment. This was a prospective study from April 2017 to March 2018 during which 60 children with an inguinal hernia were collected. Inguinal hernias in children represented 9.23% of patients operated on in the department. The average age was 59.23 months with extremes of one month and 180 months and a standard deviation of 49.23 years. The male sex was dominant with a sex ratio equal to 9:1. The notion of prematurity was found in 11.7% and was associated with a testicle not in place in 1.7% of cases. 41.7% of our patients were referred by a doctor and 66.7% of patients presented with painless, intermittent inguino-scrotal swelling (83.3% of cases). The hernia was discovered before one week of life in 50% of cases. Inguinal swelling was absent in 11.7% but observed intraoperatively. The inguinal hernia was unilateral in 91.7% of cases and 70% of hernias were discovered by the parents during pushing efforts. The inguinal hernia was located on the right in 61.7% of cases. The hernia swelling was soft, painless, impulsive and reducible in 78.3% of cases. The swelling was inguino-scrotal in 58.3% of cases. The hernia was simple in 95% of patients and hernial strangulation was observed in 3 cases or 5% of cases. 98.3% of patients were ASA I. The treatment was carried out openly in all our patients including closure of the vaginal peritoneal canal in 95% of cases under general anesthesia in 98.3% of cases. The morbidity rate was 8.4% (surgical site infection: 6.7% of ca

关键词： Inguinal Hernia Child Surgery Cs Ref C I Bamako Mali

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