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Acute Appendicitis Pathways: A Systemic Review

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Surgical Science 2021年第5期12卷 143-159页

作者： haifaa Malaekah Fahad Makhdoom Haifa Almedbal Rajesh Aggarwal General Surgery Department Dr. Soliman Fakeeh Hospital Fakeeh College of Medical Sciences Jeddah KSA General Surgery Department Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University Riyadh KSA Thoracic Surgery Department King Saud Medical City Riyadh KSA Division of Minimally Invasive Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery General Surgery Department Thomas Jefferson University and Jefferson Health Philadelphia USA

Background: Clinical pathways are effective in reducing healthcare cost and standardizing management protocol for diseases and conditions. However, there are no standardized pathways for appendicitis. This study aims to determine whether implementation of a standardized clinical pathway for managing appendicitis may lead to improved patient care. Materials and Methods: We searched for articles published in PubMed, MEDLINE, and Cochrane library between 1974 and 2015. Thirty-seven papers published in English that met inclusion criteria were included and analyzed in this review. A total of 37 studies met inclusion criteria and were analyzed for the purpose of this study. Results: A clear definition for appendicitis pathway was observed in 30 articles. Appendicitis was diagnosed based on clinical and laboratory findings;however, 34% of the studies included radiological investigations. Sixteen studies provided clear definitions for discharge criteria. Time of follow-up (5 - 28 days) was reported in 10 studies. Operative time was the most commonly used outcome measure. The mean length of stay for non-complicated appendicitis was 1.3 days, and 6.26 days for complicated appendicitis. Most of the studies concluded that the accuracy of a clinical pathway for appendicitis diagnosis can be achieved by assessing the incidence of a normal appendix. The mean cost for patient care was $4874.14 (SAR 18,278.03). Conclusion: There was no standardized definition for appendicitis clinical pathway components. Studies suggested that establishing a clinical pathway for appendicitis improves the outcome and minimizes the cost.

关键词： Acute Appendicitis Pathway Cost Patient Care

Variceal hemorrhage:Saudi tertiary center experience of clinical presentations,complications and mortality

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World Journal of Hepatology 2012年第9期4卷 268-273页

作者： Hind I Fallatah haifaa Al Nahdi Maan Al Khatabi Hisham O Akbar Yousif A Qari Abdul Rahman Sibiani Salim Bazaraa Department of Medical King Abdul Aziz University Hospital Jeddah Saudi ArabiaJeddah 21423Saudi Arabia

AIM:To determine the clinical presentation,underlying etiology and short-and long-term outcomes of acute variceal bleeding(AVB).METHODS:A retrospective descriptive cohort study of cirrhotic patients with AVB who were admitted to King Abdul Aziz University Hospital between January 2005 and December *** obtained demographic data for all *** each patient we also obtained the clinical data at presentation;cause of liver cirrhosis,bleeding presentation(hematemesis and/or melena),presence of ascites,hepatic encephalopathy and renal impairment(RI) or hepatorenal *** carried out complete blood count,prothrombin time evaluation,and liver function *** also report all episodes of re-bleeding after the first episode of AVB,both during the initial admission and after *** recorded the length of stay for each patient and thereby calculated the mean duration of stay for all *** length of follow-up after the first AVB and the outcome for each patient at the end of the study period were *** of mortality either related to liver disease or non-liver disease cause were ***:A 125 patients were enrolled in the *** number of episodes of AVB for each patients varied between 1 and *** from the first attack of AVB to death was 20.38 mo(SD 30.86),while the length of follow-up for the living patients was 53.58 mo(SD 24.94).Total number of AVB admissions was *** hepatitis C,the commonest underlying etiology for liver disease,was present in 46(36.8%) *** 35(28%) patients had received a primary prophylactic β-blocker before the first bleeding *** mean hemoglobin level at the time of admission was 8.59 g/dL(SD 2.53).Most patients had Child-Pugh Class C 41(32.8%) or Class B 72(57.6%) *** was the predominant symptom and was found in 119(95.2%) patients,followed by melena in 75(60.0%) *** of variable extent was documented in 93(74.4%) *** identified hepati

关键词： Endoscopy Liver disease Mortality Outcome Varices Variceal bleeding

马哈茂德·达尔维什诗歌中的成语与意象翻译研究

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马哈茂德·达尔维什诗歌中的成语与意象翻译研究

作者：窈窕（haifaa SAMEER MAHMOUD AL. DABBAGH）浙江大学

学位级别：硕士

马哈茂德·达尔维什是当今阿拉伯世界最负盛名的巴勒斯坦诗人,被誉为“巴勒斯坦之声”((?))、“巴勒斯坦人民的舌头”((?))、“仁慈的诗人”((?))。自1960年出版第一部诗集《无翼鸟》以来,马哈茂德·达尔维什出版了三十余部诗歌集和散... 详细信息

马哈茂德·达尔维什是当今阿拉伯世界最负盛名的巴勒斯坦诗人,被誉为“巴勒斯坦之声”((?))、“巴勒斯坦人民的舌头”((?))、“仁慈的诗人”((?))。自1960年出版第一部诗集《无翼鸟》以来,马哈茂德·达尔维什出版了三十余部诗歌集和散文集。他的作品被译成几十种外语,他被认为是一位具有真正诗才的伟大诗人。他以一种神奇的方式诠释了巴勒斯坦的民族苦难,为巴勒斯坦民族解放留下了丰富的诗歌遗产。2016年11月,中国湖南文艺出版社出版了薛庆国和唐珺翻译的《来自巴勒斯坦的情人——达尔维什诗选》一书,精选了马哈茂德·达尔维什19个诗集中的86首诗,大多是诗人的代表作品。这是中文世界的第一本达尔维什诗选,一出版就赢得了广大读者的喜爱,获得了重大影响。本论文的研究对象,是通过马哈茂德·达尔维什诗歌的阿拉伯语原文与《来自巴勒斯坦的情人》中的汉语译文进行对照,深入细致地分析其中的成语翻译与意象翻译。本论文在进行文献综述和理论引述之后进入主体。本文主体分为三个部分。第一部分,介绍了马哈茂德·达尔维什的生平,对他几个阶段的创作进行了描述和总结。第二部分,分析《来自巴勒斯坦的情人》一书中的成语翻译。中译者经常采用汉语最常见的四字成语来翻译诗人的阿拉伯语原文的词或短语,这种翻译策略是汉语本身的特点所决定的。分析发现,中文的优势正是在于经常有视觉效果。而中文译者有时候的翻译用语带有自身的文化特质,这在原文里是本来没有的。有时候,原文里的用语的强度和烈度在汉语译本使用的成语里会有所增强,或者削弱。第三部分,分析《来自巴勒斯坦的情人》一书中的意象翻译。马哈茂德·达尔维什是在诗歌中大量使用象征艺术手法的诗人,他最简单的意象也可以看到诗人的流亡、旅行和深受的不公正的生活经历。达尔维什在他的诗中用橄榄树和橄榄果作为象征,表达了他对以色列入侵的坚定抵抗和对巴勒斯坦土地的热爱。中译本忠实地翻译了这些意象,越过某种文化界限,取得了感染人心的效果。

关键词：马哈茂德·达尔维什诗歌成语翻译意象翻译

The Palestinian Terrestrial Vertebrate Fauna Preserved at the Biology Exhibitions of the Universities of the Gaza Strip

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Research in Ecology 2020年第4期2卷 9-21页

作者： Abdel Fattah N Abd Rabou Nour J Musallam Eman J Musallam Kamal E Elkahlout Kamal J Elnabris Tarek A El-Bashiti Ismail I Abdel Aziz Reham M Ishneiwra Eqbal S Radwan Hana S Saada Ashraf A Shafei Nedal A Fayyad Saleh N Mwafy Huda E Abu Amra Ramy A Abu Alajeen Mohammed F Abu Owda Randa N Alfarra haifaa a has.ouna Reem A has.ouna Mohammed R Al-Agha Mohammed A Abd Rabou Department of Biology and Biotechnology Islamic University of GazaGaza StripPalestine Department of English Islamic University of GazaGaza StripPalestine Department of Biology Al-Azhar UniversityGaza StripPalestine Department of Biology Al-Aqsa UniversityGaza StripPalestine Department of Geography Al-Aqsa UniversityGaza StripPalestine Department of Curricula and Teaching Methods Islamic University of GazaGaza StripPalestine Department of Curricula and Teaching Methods Ministry of EducationGaza StripPalestine Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of PalestineGaza StripPalestine Department of Environment and Earth Sciences Islamic University of GazaGaza StripPalestine Department of Information Technology University College of Applied SciencesGaza StripPalestine

The Gaza Strip(365 km^(2))of Palestine(27,000 km^(2))is home to a wealth of terrestrial vertebrate *** of these faunistic species find their ways to preservation at the local ***,the current study comes to document the Palestinian terrestrial vertebrate fauna acquired by the biology exhibitions(BEs)of Al-Azhar University,Islamic University of Gaza and Al-Aqsa University that are located at the Gaza City of the Gaza *** amphibians,reptiles,birds and mammals preserved at BEs of the universities in question were surveyed and scientifically classified during a three-month period extending from January to March,*** study showed that all BEs of local universities are underdeveloped,lacking attention and suffer from specimen scarcity and good *** BE at Al-Azhar University is the best in the arrangement and preservation of bird specimens.A total number of 200 specimens belonging to 54 terrestrial vertebrate fauna species,39 families and 17 orders was recorded at *** constituted 40.7%of the total species recorded,followed by birds(38.9%),mammals(14.8%)and amphibians(5.6%).The Islamic University of Gaza was considered the best in terms of the number of preserved species(39.8%),followed by Al-Azhar University(36.3%)and Al-Aqsa University(23.9%).The Common Toad(Bufo viridis)was the most preserved among the amphibian species *** was the biggest reptilian order,comprising 20 species(8 lizards and 12 snakes),with the Syrian Black Snake(Coluber jugularis asianus)was the *** Palestine Viper(Vipera palaestinae)is endemic to Palestine and most venomous and dangerous to human *** Great White Pelican(Pelecanus onocrotalus)was the largest Palestinian bird preserved at BE of Al-Azhar *** Egyptian Mongoose(Herpestes ichneumon)and the Common Badger(Meles meles)were the biggest mammalian specimens preserved,while the Palestine Mole-rat(Spalax leucodon ehrenbergi)was the only Palestine endemic spe

关键词： Terrestrial vertebrate fauna Preservation Biology exhibitions Gaza universities Gaza Strip Palestine