检索结果-南通市图书馆

作者： hafiz muhammad khizar malik 吉林大学

学位级别：硕士

在《巴黎协定》的协商、制定过程中,非政府组织(NGO)起到了十分积极的作用。虽然全球治理体系中,非政府组织并没有被赋予任何法律权威,但他们通过传播信息、增强教育、提升意识等方式促进了各国利益相关者与决策者达成共识,并在第21次... 详细信息

在《巴黎协定》的协商、制定过程中,非政府组织(NGO)起到了十分积极的作用。虽然全球治理体系中,非政府组织并没有被赋予任何法律权威,但他们通过传播信息、增强教育、提升意识等方式促进了各国利益相关者与决策者达成共识,并在第21次缔约方大会(COP21)之前与过程中起到了积极的导向作用,其作用在全球环境治理中变得日益重要。1990年9月联合国大会上开始了针对环境保护的谈判,并提出了气候变化这一主要议题。会上建立了政府间谈判委员会(INO),并要求必须于随后的15个月之内完成相关的谈判工作。1992年5月9日在巴西里约热内卢,由150个国家签署达成了《联合国气候变化框架公约》(UNFCCC)并与1994年3月21日正式生效并开始全面实施。自《公约》实施以来,大会各缔约方每年进行集会并商讨《公约》实施过程中的遇到的相关问题与解决措施。缔约方大会(COP)和它的分支,附属科学技术咨询机构(SBSTA)和附属执行机构(SBI)在保护环境方面与气候治理方面发挥了积极的作用。《联合国气候变化框架公约》秘书处支持所有包含国际气候变化谈判的机制。缔约方大会是《联合国气候变化框架公约》的主要决策制定主体,并每年举行会谈。第三次缔约放会(COP3)议批准通过了《京都议定书》,并于2005年第11次缔约国方议期间开始执行。2015年,第21次缔约方会议通过了具有里程碑意义的《巴黎协定》。本文旨在分析《巴黎协定》制定过程中,非政府组织的所起到的作用。笔者仔细地研究了它们在《联合国气候变化框架公约》制定过程中,以及在每年大会会谈中的参与度。在《京都议定书》制定期间,非政府组织也非常活跃,虽然那时它们没能成功地启发公众对政府施压,并要求其采取具体措施保护环境与气候变化。《京都议定书》后期的失利,科学技术的进步、自然灾害的频发以及日益翻新的低成本的沟通模式为非政府组织参与政府在国内外的决策提供了充足的空间与方式。21世纪的前十年里,世界各地环境灾害频发。许多调查者和学者开始针对该现象进行研究并得出充足的证据论证当前的全球灾害是人为温室气体排放活动的产物。非政府组织在强调气候变化问题上发挥了主导作用,他们用科学知识和研究发现支持其观点与立场。最终,国际诸多国家与社会都将气候变化问题作为他们的国家事务看待。非政府组织通过交换信息和观点与政府间建立联系,从而帮助他们影响国家层面的气候与环境决策制定。出于这个目的,非政府组织与联合国组织、它的官方成员以及发展中国家和发达国家的政府官员都建立联系。这就是环境方面的非政府组织在《联合国气候变化公约》指导下举行的环境谈判中仍然十分活跃的主要原因。在第19次缔约方会议期间(cop19),大会邀请了各个利益相关方来实施并加强国内针对国家自主决定贡献(indcs)的准备工作。国家自主决定贡献是2015年《巴黎协定》签订的基石之一。而非政府组织的影响,在国家自主决定贡献的形成过程中显示了更为积极的作用。这段时间非政府组织提升其在国家自主决定贡献方面的影响力,并在保护环境和减少碳排放方面争取更为雄心勃勃的目标。非政府组织为实现其环境与气候保护的目标制订了战略计划。它们开始借助国家自主决定贡献(indcs)让各国意识到能够在国家层面上确保可持续发展的技术和资金的必要性。此外,非政府组织成为了信息与数据的可靠性来源。例如,非政府组织让公众更加深入的了解政府间气候变化委员会(ipcc)第五次评估报告的里程碑意义,尤其是其提出了两个非常重要的概念。许多国家由于缺乏环保的知识和信息而不愿意准备与提出国家自主决定贡献。为了克服这些问题,非政府组织开始对不同的国家做工作以弥补这方面的不足。非政府组织为政府官员准备了讲习班和培训会议。他们也引导发展中国家的政府官员让其认识到在第21次缔约方会议中他们所扮演的角色。此外,2014-2015年间,非政府组织在不同的国家组织了关于环境保护的倡议游行。成千上万的人参与到了有关环境与气候保护的倡议游行中。非政府组织认为这些倡议游行会对政府产生有效的督促,并助力于国际环境协定的签署。非政府组织主导的公众宣传是被用作是影响政府政策制定的工具,让政府知道其在环境与气候方面共同但有区别的责任。非政府组织进行了知识普及,同时,它们通过让民众了解气候变化对环境变化的警示性提高了人们的环保意识。此外,人们亲眼目睹的自然灾害和人类活动对环境影响的科学发现都使得公民社会意识到了他们对环境社会的责任。这些意识的觉醒与共识的达成,让民众更加希望他们的政府知晓其对于环境保护与气候变化的观点。最终,非政府组织成功说服了许多政府官员参与到他们的环境倡议活动中。它们成功说服了30多个内阁部长和世界领导人加入队伍,其中包括联合国秘书长和法国之后负责巴黎谈话的部长。为了评估非政府组织在《巴黎协定》制定过程中的影响力,我们应该分析不同层次目标实现

关键词：非政府组织《2015年巴黎协定》全球环境治理决策制定

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Complex Network Formation and Analysis of Online Social Media Systems

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2022年第3期130卷 1737-1750页

作者： hafiz Abid Mahmood malik Faculty of Computer Studies Arab Open UniversityA’aliKingdom of Bahrain

To discover and identify the influential nodes in any complex network has been an important *** is a significant factor in order to control over the *** control on a network,any information can be spread and stopped in a short span of *** targets can be achieved,since network of information can be extended and as well ***,information spread and community formation have become one of the most crucial issues in the world of SNA(Social Network Analysis).In this work,the complex network of twitter social network has been formalized and results are *** this purpose,different network metrics have been *** of the network is provided in its original form and then filter out(different percentages)from the network to eliminate the less impacting nodes and edges for better *** network is analyzed according to different centrality measures,like edge-betweenness,betweenness centrality,closeness centrality and eigenvector *** nodes are detected and their impact is observed on the *** communities are analyzed in terms of network coverage considering theMinimum Spanning Tree,shortest path distribution and network *** is found that these are the very effective ways to find influential and central nodes from such big social networks like Facebook,Instagram,Twitter,LinkedIn,etc.

关键词： Complex network data extraction nodes and edges network visualization social media network main hubs centrality measures

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Defocus blur detection using novel local directional mean patterns(LDMP)and segmentation via KNN matting

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Frontiers of Computer Science 2022年第2期16卷 110-122页

作者： Awais KHAN Aun IRTAZA Ali JAVED Tahira NAZIR hafiz malik Khalid Mahmood malik muhammad Ammar KHAN Department of Computer Science University of Engineering and TechnologyTaxila 47050Pakistan Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of MichiganDearbornMI 48128USA Department of Software Engineering University of Engineering and TechnologyTaxila 47050Pakistan Department of Computer Science and Engineering Oakland UniversityMI 48309USA

Detection and segmentation of defocus blur is a challenging task in digital imaging applications as the blurry images comprise of blur and sharp regions that wrap significant information and require effective methods for information *** defocus blur detection and segmentation methods have several limitations i.e.,discriminating sharp smooth and blurred smooth regions,low recognition rate in noisy images,and high computational cost without having any prior knowledge of images i.e.,blur degree and camera ***,there exists a dire need to develop an effective method for defocus blur detection,and segmentation robust to the above-mentioned *** paper presents a novel features descriptor local directional mean patterns(LDMP)for defocus blur detection and employ KNN matting over the detected LDMP-Trimap for the robust segmentation of sharp and blur *** argue/hypothesize that most of the image fields located in blurry regions have significantly less specific local patterns than those in the sharp regions,therefore,proposed LDMP features descriptor should reliably detect the defocus blurred *** fusion of LDMP features with KNN matting provides superior performance in terms of obtaining high-quality segmented regions in the ***,the proposed LDMP features descriptor is robust to noise and successfully detects defocus blur in high-dense noisy *** results on Shi and Zhao datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in terms of defocus blur *** and comparative analysis signify that our method achieves superior segmentation performance and low computational cost of 15 seconds.

关键词： defocus blur detection local directional mean patterns image matting sharpness metrics blur segmentation

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Forgery Detection Using Inconsistent Reflection Vanishing Point

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Journal of Donghua University(English Edition) 2017年第5期34卷 666-669页

作者：葛华勇 hafiz malik 蒋学芹 College of lnformation Sciences and Technology Donghua UniversityShanghai 201620China Engineering Research Center of Digitized Textile&Fashion Technology Ministry of EducationDonghua UniversityShanghai 201620China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Michigan-DearbornM148128USA

The rapid development of image processing techniques has made it extremely easy to alter the content of images or create *** photographs,which appear in magazines,social media,and political attacks,can no longer be trusted.A novel and effective technique is proposed in this paper to expose image forgery using inconsistent reflection vanishing point(RVP).More specifically,the definition of error distance is given,sin^2()-based function is proposed to normalize error distance,and a reasonable threshold value is set to detect image *** experimental data and results are presented to demonstrate the accuracy and effectiveness of the technique.

关键词： image forensics reflection vanishing point(RVP) error distance reflection consistency threshold value

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Exposing Image Forgery with Inconsistent Reflection Line Midpoint

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Journal of Donghua University(English Edition) 2017年第1期34卷 44-48页

作者：葛华勇 malik hafiz 蒋学芹房树娟 College oflnformation Sciences and Technology Donghua University Shanghai 201620 China Engineering Research Center of Digitized Textile & Fashion Technology Ministry of Education Donghua University Shanghai 201620 China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Michigan-Dearborn M148128 USA

In recent years,there has been a backlash of sorts and the authenticity of images has been routinely *** is no longer *** is an urgent need for robust image forensic techniques to expose photo *** paper proposed a novel and effective technique to expose image forgery using inconsistent *** specifically,a new technique was presented to calculate reflection line midpoint,the definition of midpoint ratio was given,and three standards were proposed and employed to detect image *** and effectiveness of the proposed technique were evaluated using a data set consisting of 200 authentic and forged *** results indicate that the proposed method can detect image forgery with very high success rate.

关键词： image forgery inconsistent reflection midpoint ratio image forensics

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Impact of Climate Change on Epidemiology of Various Pests of Wheat Crop in Punjab Pakistan

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2019年第1期10卷 236-247页

作者： Israr Arshad Amer Rasul Syed Ismat Hussain hafiz muhammad Usman Aslam khizar Hayat malik Najam Ul Hassan Sidra Muqeet Amina Yasir Umar Shabab Nasir Anum Tehseen Directorate of Pest Warning & Quality Control of Pesticides Punjab Pakistan Department of Plant Pathology University of Agriculture Faisalabad Pakistan Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology Iowa State University USA Horticultural Research Institute Ayub Agricultural Research Institute (AARI) Faisalabad Pakistan Department of Zoology Government College University Faisalabad Faisalabad Pakistan Institute of Agriculture & Resource Economics University of Agriculture Faisalabad Pakistan

Wheat [Triticum aestivum L. (Poaceae)] is the staple diet of people in Pakistan. It is attacked by many types of pests. Therefore the purpose of this study was to assess the impact of climate change on the ecology and epidemiology of various wheat pests in Punjab, Pakistan. Results indicate that maximum weeds hot spots 242 (5.98%) Phalaris minor, 45 (1.18%) wild oat and 203 (5.01%) broad leaf weeds were noted in 2015. Aphid 31 (0.86%) hot spots were recorded in 2016 while maximum army worm 13 (0.26%) hot spots were noted in 2017. Maximum 70 (1.73%) spots of yellow rust and 85 (2.10%) hot spots of brown rust were observed during 2015 while 84 (4.16%) spots of loose smut were observed during 2017. ANOVA shows that years have no significant difference (P > 0.05) but weeks have significant effect on occurrence of these pest incidences except brown rust. But regression ANOVA was significant (P ≤ 0.05) and regression models equations have been developed on the bases of recorded data. Pest incidence was taken as dependent variable Y and weather factors i.e. minimum temperature as X1, maximum temperature as X2, relative humidity as X3 and rain fall as X4 were taken as independent variables. This study will help in recommendations for moving forward aiming at integration of biology of rust and smut diseases of wheat with changing climate for development of resistant varieties for resilient and durable management of these pathogens.

关键词： Climate Change Wheat Weeds Insect Pest Disease Ecology

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Impact of Exchange Rate on Foreign Trade of Pakistan

Impact of Exchange Rate on Foreign Trade of Pakistan

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2019年第四届经济与企业管理国际学术会议

作者： malik muhammad Bilal Khan Yulan Du hafiz muhammad Ali Tahir School of Economics and Management Nanjing University of Science and Technology

This research is based on to test the relationship existence between Exchange rate and foreign trade which are imports and exports of Pakistan using annual data from 1993 to *** error correction model consisting of three variables imports,exports,and the exchange rate are *** this study,the dependent variables are imports and exports,whereas the exchange rate is an independent *** DickeyFuller（ADF） test is conducted to test the stationary of the data;the VAR lag selection model discloses that lag of order 4 is appropriate for this ***-integration,Long-run,and shortrun relationship test are investigated by Johansen *** Error Correction Model（VECM） is employed on the *** results show that the data is stationary and variables are co-integrated having a long-run relationship with each *** test results of VECM models states that exports of Pakistan are influenced by the exchange rate in the long-term as well as short-term;however,imports are only controlled by the exchange rate in the long-term.

关键词： exchange rate exports imports Vector Error Correction Model VECM

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Assessment of Biochemical and Antioxidative Status in Patients Suffering from Dengue Fever

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Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Medical Sciences) 2015年第3期35卷 411-418页

作者： Mahmood Rasool Arif malik Khalid Mahmud Khan muhammad Saeed Qureshi Beenish Shabbir Sara Zahid muhammad Asif Abdul Manan Sana Rashid Saima Rubab Khan hafiz muhammad Arsalan Rabail Alam Mahwish Arooj Mahmood Husain Qazi Adeel Gulzar Ahmed Chaudhary Adel Mohammed Abuzenadah Mohammed Hussain Al-Qahtani Sajjad Karim Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research Faculty of Applied Medical SciencesKing Abdulaziz University Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology the University of Lahore Fatima Jinnah Medical College Sir Gangaram Hospital Lahore Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology the University of Lahore Department of Biotechnology and Informatics BUITEMS Quetta 87300 Pakistan Center for Research in Molecular Medicine the University of Lahore KACST Technology Innovation Center in Personalized Medicine King Abdulaziz University Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences King Abdulaziz University

Summary：A multi-centred study was designed to collect dengue epidemiologic data from government and registered private hospitals/clinics and maintained archive of frozen specimens in bio-bank to be used for future dengue epidemic control program, and assess the epidemiology of dengue fever（DF） by evaluating biochemical and oxidative status of patients. ELISA Ig M antibodies test was done to confirm DF. From August 2010 to December 2011, 101 confirmed blood samples of DF patients referred to pathology lab of Jinnah Hospital Lahore were subjected to the epidemiologic assessment by evaluating the biochemical and physiological indices and alterations of circulating antioxidants. Clinical features of DF patients and effect of fever on blood components and serum proteins of liver were recorded. The hospital stay in DF, dengue hemorrhagic fever（DHF） and dengue shock syndrome（DSS） showed significant difference. Significant increases in serum alanine amino transferase（ALT）（P=0.000）, aspartate amino transferase（AST）（P=0.000）, alkaline phosphatase（ALP）（P=0.000）, malondialdehyde（MDA） along with significant decreases in total protein（TP）（P=0.000）, reduced glutathione（GSH）（P=0.000）, superoxide dismutase（SOD）, catalase（CAT）（P=0.000）, and sialic acid contents（P=0.016） were observed. A positive correlation existed between bound sialic acid levels, liver enzymes and circulating antioxidants（r=0.656, P=0.016）. In the present study, alterations of circulating antioxidants in DF suggest that DF might be a metabolic response to an acute, self-limiting tropical viral infection, and a consequence of the viral inflammatory process.

关键词： dengue fever alanine amino transferase aspartate amino transferase malondialdehyde superoxide dismutase catalase

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Effect of processing on bioaccessibility and bioavailability of bioactive compounds in coffee beans

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Food Bioscience 2022年第2期46卷 1-13页

作者： Hanjing Wu Jingyu Gu Amrit BK malik A.Nawaz Colin J.Barrow Frank R.Dunshea hafiz A.R.Suleria School of Agriculture and Food Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural SciencesThe University of MelbourneParkville3010VICAustralia Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation(CSIRO) Agriculture and Food671 Sneydes RoadPrivate Bag 16WerribeeVictoria3030Australia Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology School of Life and Environmental SciencesDeakin UniversityWaurn PondsVIC3217Australia Faculty of Biological Sciences The University of LeedsLeedsLS29JTUK

Coffee is one of the most prevalent and functional beverages around world owing to its rich content of bioactive *** compounds and alkaloids are two primary groups of bioactive compounds in coffee beans,which have been proven healthy benefits in regular and suitable daily *** have been recognized as protective factors,especially phenolic compounds,to perform high antioxidant capacities and potential to relieve the occurrence of chronic diseases and partial *** content and composition of bioactive and anti-nutritional compounds in coffee beans can be mainly influenced by variety,processing and storage *** cultivar of Arabica coffee beans(***)exhibits lower content of phenolic compounds but similar anti-nutritional substances with the comparison to Robusta(***).Comparing to green coffee beans,reasonable roasting contributes to the improvement of phenolic content and its total antioxidant activity because of the liberation of bound phenolic compounds and the generation of novel compounds with antioxidant *** intensive roasting will not only decrease the number of bioactive compounds within the coffee beans but also stimulate the generation of endogenous anti-nutritional compounds,which consequently reduce the coffee nutritional *** fluctuations of moisture content during storage would be the primary reason of the changes in the content of bioactive *** compounds in coffee beans perform outstanding bioaccessibility but relatively lower absorption efficiency because of the combination with other *** roasting would improve the bioavailability of bioactive *** interaction between phenolic compounds and proteins would also influence the bioavailability and bioactivity of bioactive compounds and final nutritional value after consumption.

关键词： Coffee beans Phenolic compounds Alkaloids Anti-nutritional compounds Roasting Bioavailability

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Susceptibility of <i>Culex quinquefasciatus</i>(Diptera: Culicidae) to malathion in Sargodha district, Pakistan

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2013年第4期3卷 1-4页

作者： hafiz muhammad Tahir Kishwar Hussain Azhar Abbas Khan Sajida Naseem Hamza Tanveer malik Abida Butt Rabia Yaqoob College of Medicine American University of Antigua New York USA Department of Agricultural Entomology University College of Agriculture University of Sargodha Sargodha Pakistan Department of Biological Sciences University of Sargodha Sargodha Pakistan Department of Biological Sciences University of Sargodha Sargodha Pakistan Department of Zoology University of Punjab Lahore Pakistan

The present study was designed to evaluate the susceptibility of Culex quinquefasciatuns against malathion in Sargodha district of Pakistan. The activities of detoxifying enzymes i.e., β-esterases, GSTs and monooxygenases were also estimated. Our results revealed 100 percent mortality in insecticide treated groups after 24 hours of exposure. There was no difference in the activities of insecticide detoxifying enzymes between control and treated groups. We concluded from our work that malathion is still effective against C. quinquefasciatuns in the area for control of mosquito population.

关键词： C. quinquefasciatuns Susceptibility Esterases Glutathione S-Transfereases Malathion

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