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Changes in annual CO_2 fluxes estimated from inventory data in South Korea

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2002年第z1期45卷 87-96页

作者： lee Dowon Yook Keun Hyung lee Dongseon Kang Sinkyu Kang Hojeong Lim Jong Hwan lee Kyeong Hak Environmental Planning Institute Graduate School of Environmental Studies Seoul National University Seoul 151-742 Korea School of Forestry University of Montana Missoula MT 59812 USA Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Ewha Womans University Seoul 120-750 Korea Division of Forest Ecology Korea Forest Research Institute Seoul 130-712 Korea Division of Forest Resources Korea Forest Research Institute Seoul 130-712 Korea

Using a slightly modified IPCC method, we examined changes in annual fluxes of CO2 and contributions of energy consumption, limestone use, waste combustion, land-use change, and forest growth to the fluxes in South Korea from 1990to 1997. Our method required less data and resulted in a larger estimate of CO2released by industrial processes, comparing with the original IPCC guideline. However, net CO2 emission is not substantially different from the estimates of IPCC and modified methods. Net CO2 emission is intimately related to GDP as Koreaneconomy has heavily relied on energy consumption and industrial activities, which are major sources of CO2. Total efflux of CO2 was estimated to be 63.6 Tg C/ain 1990 and amounted to 112.9 Tg C/a in 1997. Land-use change contributed to annual budget of CO2 in a relatively small portion. Carbon dioxide was sequesteredby forest biomass at the rate of 6.5 Tg C/a in 1990 and 8.5 Tg C/a in 1997. Although CO2 storage in the forests increased, the sink effect was overwhelmed by extensive energy consumption, suggesting that energy-saving strategies will be more effective in reducing CO2 emission in Korea than any other practices. It is presumed that plant uptake of CO2 is underestimated as carbon contained in plant detritus and belowground living biomass were not fully considered. Furthermore, the soil organic carbon stored in forest decomposes in various ways in rugged mountains depending on their conditions, such as slope, aspect and elevation, which could have an effect on decomposition rate and carbon stores in soils. Thus, carbon sequestration of forests deserves further attention.

关键词： CO2 emission and removal, energy consumption, forest regrowth, land use, simplified IPCC method.

紧凑式城市空间结构要素对区域经济发展的影响力研究——基于中国大城市面板数据的实证分析

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中国人口·资源与环境 2017年第12期27卷 165-173页

作者：李顺成 lee Hee-Yeon 山东师范大学公共管理学院山东济南250014 韩国国立首尔大学环境研究生院城市与区域规划系

以中国大陆大城市为研究对象,对紧凑式城市空间结构要素对区域经济,特别是对区域劳动生产率所产生的影响进行研究,并在此基础上对紧凑式城市空间结构要素对处于不同经济发展水平的城市和地区所产生的影响力进行比较分析。本文根据中国... 详细信息

以中国大陆大城市为研究对象,对紧凑式城市空间结构要素对区域经济,特别是对区域劳动生产率所产生的影响进行研究,并在此基础上对紧凑式城市空间结构要素对处于不同经济发展水平的城市和地区所产生的影响力进行比较分析。本文根据中国大陆经济地理带的划分,以东部地区、中部地区以及西部地区的大城市为研究对象分别构建了三个地区面板模型。模型估计结果表明:(1)东部地区与西部地区的人口密度与地区劳动生产率呈显著的正相关性,而西部地区则呈现出显著的负相关性。(2)东部和西部地区的人口密度的平方项变量与地区劳动生产率均呈现显著的负相关性。在将人口密度变量和人口密度的平方项变量同时进行分析时发现,在东部地区人口密度与地区劳动生产率之间存在着"倒U字型"的曲线关系。(3)人口的集中度越高、多核心度越高、土地混合利用度越高都能够促进区域劳动生产率的提高。实证研究结果表明,不同地区在产业化和城市化发展水准上差距较大,由此在国家层面上制定相关国土规划政策时,必须充分考虑到地区间所具有的差异性特征,并以此为基础制定和实施具有差别化的规划政策和方案。从城市和地区层面来看,更有必要对自身所具有的人口和社会结构特征进行详细的分析和调查研究。此外,还应注意的是,产业化和城市化的发展并不是静态的,而是一个动态的变化过程,因此相关政府部门应对城市和地区的长期发展趋势进行有效分析和判断,从而制定出具有时效性的紧凑式城市规划政策。

关键词：紧凑城市空间结构劳动生产率面板模型

Comparison of the rheological properties of four root canal sealers

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International Journal of Oral Science 2015年第1期7卷 56-61页

作者： Seok Woo Chang Young-Kyu lee Qiang Zhu Won Jun Shon Woo Cheol lee Kee Yeon Kum Seung Ho Baek In Bog lee Bum-Soon Lim Kwang Shik Bae Department of Conservative Dentistry School of Dentistry Kyung Hee University National Instrumentation Center for Environmental Management Seoul National University Department of Endodontology School of Dental Medicine University of Connecticut Health Center Department of Conservative Dentistry Dental Research Institute School of Dentistry Seoul National University Dental Hospital Seoul National University Dental Research Institute and Department of Dental Biomaterials School of Dentistry Seoul National University

The flowability of a root canal sealer is clinically important because it improves the penetration of the sealer into the complex root canal system. The purpose of this study was to compare the flowabilities of four root canal sealers, measured using the simple press method （ISO 6876）, and their viscosities, measured using a strain-controlled rheometer. A newly developed, calcium phosphate-based root canal sealer （Capseal） and three commercial root canal sealers （AH Plus, Sealapex and Pulp Canal Sealer EWT） were used in this study. The flowabilities of the four root canal sealers were measured using the simple press method （n= 5） and their viscosities were measured using a strain-controlled rheometer （n=5）. The correlation between these two values was statistically analysed using Spearman＇s correlation test. The flow diameters and the viscosities of the root canal sealers were strongly negatively correlated （p= -0.8618）. The viscosity of Pulp Canal Sealer EWT was the lowest and increased in the following order： AH Plus〈Sealapex〈Capseal （P〈0.05）. All of the tested root canal sealers showed characteristic time- and temperature-dependent changes in their rheological properties. The viscosities measured using the strain-controlled rheometer were more precise than the flowabilities measured using the simple press method, suggesting that the rheometer can accurately measure the rheological properties of root canal sealers.

关键词： Capseal rheological property root canal sealer strain-controlled rheometer

Non-keratinising undifferentiated nasopharyngeal-type carcinoma of the lacrimal sac

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2016年第8期9卷 1238-1242页

作者： Aruna Dharmasena Princeton WY lee Luciane CD Irion Richard Bonshek Mohamad Abdullah Dan Nolan Manchester Royal Eye Hospital Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS trust

Dear Editor,We present a case of non-keratinising undifferentiated nasopharyngeal-type carcinoma(UNPC)of nasolacrimal sac and review the previously reported cases and their treatment options and *** cell carcinoma with a characteristic lymphoid stroma is a type of poorly differentiated carcinoma typically occurring in the nasopharynx[1].Non-keratinising UNPC,so called lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma(LELC),of the lacrimal

关键词： VCA EBER EBV Non-keratinising undifferentiated nasopharyngeal-type carcinoma of the lacrimal sac oral IgA NLD type

Synthesis and Anti-HIV Activity of Trisubstituted (3′R, 4′R)-3′,4′- Di-O-(S)-camphanoyl-(+)-cis-khellactone (DCK) Analogs

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2005年第10期16卷 1297-1300页

作者： Chun Hong ZHAO Ting ZHOU Lan XIE Jing Yun LI Zuo Yi BAO Zhao Wen LOU Kuo Hsiung lee Beijing Institute of Pharmacology ＆ Toxicology Beijing 100850 Department of Chemistry Hubei University Wuhan Hubei 430062 Beijing Institute of Microbiology ＆ Epidemiology Beijing 100850 School of Pharmacy University of North Carolina at Chapel HillNC 27599 USA

To further explore the potential of DCK analogs as anti-HIV drug candidates, ten new tri-substituted （3＇R,4＇R）-3＇,4＇-di-O-（S）-camphanoyl-（＋）-cis-khellactone （DCK） derivatives （4-13） were designed, synth... 详细信息

关键词： anti-HIV agent DCK analogs synthesis.

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社会认知的神经基础

心理科学进展 2005年第4期13卷 525-533页

作者：朱春燕汪凯 lee TMC 安徽医科大学第一附属医院神经心理学实验室香港大学临床神经心理学研究所

人类的社会技能高于其它任何动物,能够形成对社会环境的高级表征,并能利用这些表征进行十分灵活的推理判断。但是社会认知的神经基础目前仍不十分明了。来自于人类和其它灵长类动物的研究已经发现有一些脑结构(如杏仁核、前额叶、颞上... 详细信息

人类的社会技能高于其它任何动物,能够形成对社会环境的高级表征,并能利用这些表征进行十分灵活的推理判断。但是社会认知的神经基础目前仍不十分明了。来自于人类和其它灵长类动物的研究已经发现有一些脑结构(如杏仁核、前额叶、颞上沟、扣带前回等)在社会认知中起着特殊重要的作用。此外,越来越多的研究表明其它一些脑区结构(如右侧躯体体感区、岛叶、基底节、白质等)也共同参与社会认知加工过程。文章对近年来关于社会认知的神经基础研究做了较为详细的综述。

关键词：社会认知情绪杏仁核前额叶颞上沟

Current view of neurotransmitter changes underlying tinnitus

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Neural Regeneration Research 2015年第3期10卷 368-370页

作者： Augustine C.lee Donald A.Godfrey Department of Neurology University of Toledo College of Medicine Division of Otolaryngology and Dentistry Department of SurgeryUniversity of Toledo College of Medicine

Tinnitus is the perception of a monotonous sound not present in the environment. Nearly 20% of the U.S. population suffers from tinnitus, and tinnitus has been reported to be the most prevalent service-connected disability of all U.S. veterans （Henry et al., 2005; Eggermont, 2012; Veterans Benefits Administration, 2014）. Many types of peripheral injury have been understood to induce tinnitus, including damage to the cochlea by intense sound or ototoxic medications and destruction of the auditory nerve by cochlear ablation or nerve transection （lee and God- frey, 2014）. The pathophysiological mechanisms by which tin- nitus develops are only poorly understood. In order to further clarify the pathogenesis, a need has been expressed for a better understanding of the rebalancing of excitatory and inhibitory signaling mechanisms that occur after peripheral injury （Gold and Bajo, 2014）. One of the current, prominent hypotheses of tinnitus development is that, after being triggered by peripheral injury, tinnitus may result from a maladaptation of the central auditory system to this peripheral dysfunction （Auerbach et al., 2014）, and that one of the mechanisms by which this occurs is a decrease in inhibitory neurotransmission. The major struc- tures that play a role in transmitting neural activity through the ascending central auditory system include the cochlear nucleus and superior olivary complex of the pons-medulla region, the inferior colliculus of the midbrain, the medial geniculate nude- us of the thalamus, and the auditory cortex.

关键词： Current view of neurotransmitter changes underlying tinnitus

Detection of early gastric cancer using hydro-stomach CT:Blinded vs unblinded analysis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第8期17卷 1051-1057页

作者： Ki Jeong Park Min Woo lee Ji Hyun Koo Yulri Park Heejung Kim Dongil Choi Soon Jin lee Department of Radiol-ogy and Center for Imaging Science Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine

AIM:To evaluate the difference in diagnostic performance of hydro-stomach computed tomography(CT) to detect early gastric cancer(EGC) between blinded and unblinded analysis and to assess independent factors affecting visibility of cancer ***:Two radiologists initially blinded and then unblinded to gastroscopic and surgical-histological findings independently reviewed hydro-stomach CT images of 110 patients with single *** graded the visibility of cancer foci for each of three gastric segments(upper,middle and lower thirds) using a 4-point scale(1:definitely absent,2:probably absent,3:probably present,and 4:definitely present).The sensitivity and specificity for detecting an EGC were *** and interobserver agreements were *** visibility of an EGC was evaluated with regard to tumor size,invasion depth,gastric segments,histological type and gross morphology using univariate and multivariate ***:The respective sensitivities and specificities [reviewer 1:blinded,20%(22/110) and 98%(215/220);unblinded,27%(30/110) and 100%(219/220)/reviewer 2:blinded,19%(21/110) and 98%(216/220);unblinded,25%(27/110) and 98%(215/220)] were not significantly *** intraobserver agreements were good(weighted κ = 0.677 and 0.666),interobserver agreements were fair(blinded,0.371) or moderate(unblinded,0.558).For both univariate and multivariate analyses,the tumor size and invasion depth were statistically significant factors affecting ***:The diagnostic performance of hydrostomach CT to detect an EGC was not significantly different between blinded and unblinded *** tumor size and invasion depth were independent factors for visibility.

关键词： Stomach neoplasm Computed tomography Water Early detection of cancer Sensitivity

Right or left hepatectomy: a continuing question in the era of pure laparoscopic donor hepatectomy

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2024年第4期13卷 718-720页

作者： Suk Kyun Hong YoungRok Choi Nam-Joon Yi Kwang-Woong lee Kyung-Suk Suh Department of Surgery Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoulKorea

We read with great interest the article by Fujiki et *** in the Annals of Surgery(1),which advocates for the use of a left liver graft with a pure laparoscopic donor hepatectomy(PLDH)approach to reduce the burden on living *** invasive techniques,including laparoscopic surgery,have been increasingly adopted in donor hepatectomy for liver *** reflects a broader trend in various surgical fields to enhance patient outcomes both cosmetically and *** the first report of a PLDH in the form of a left lateral sectionectomy in 2002(2),this approach has expanded to include full left and full right hepatectomies(3,4).With advancements in laparoscopic instruments and growing experience,PLDH has become a standard practice for left lateral section grafts,as recognized by the most recent international consensus guideline(5).However,PLDH for full left and full right grafts has not yet reached the same level of *** performed in Asian countries,PLDH for these grafts highlights differences in donor and recipient characteristics compared to Western *** studies and evidence are required to confirm the safety and feasibility of PLDH for full left and full right grafts on a broader scale.

关键词： Donor hepatectomy laparoscopy living donor liver transplantation right hepatectomy left hepatectomy