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Aging effects of regional activation in a spatial task A functional magnetic resonance imaging study

Neural Regeneration Research 2009年第9期4卷 663-667页

作者： Jong-Rak park Dae-Woon Lim Mi-Hyun Choi Su-Jeong Lee Jin-Seung Choi hyung-Sik Kim Jeong-Han Yi Gye-Rae Tack soon-Cheol Chung Department of Photonic Engineering Chosun UniversityGwangjuSouth Korea Department of Information & Communication Engineering Dongguk UniversitySeoulSouth Korea Department of Biomedical Engineering Research Institute of Biomedical EngineeringCollege of Biomedical & Health ScienceKonkuk UniversityChungjuSouth Korea

BACKGROUND： An increasing number of studies have shown the effects of aging in basic cognitive processing and higher cognitive functions using functional magnetic resonance imaging （fMRI）. However, little is known about the aging effects in diverse cognitive abilities, such as spatial learning and reasoning. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the effect of aging on spatial cognitive performance and regional brain activation based on fMRI. DESIGN, TIME, AND SETTING： A block design for fMRI observation. This study was performed at the fMRI Laboratory, Brain Science Research Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology from March 2006 to May 2009. PARTICIPANTS： Eight right-handed, male, college students in their 20s （mean age 21.5 years） and six right-handed, male, adults in their 40s （mean age 45.7 years）, who graduated from college, participated in the study. All subjects were healthy and had no prior history of psychiatric or neurological disorders. METHODS： A spatial task was presented while brain images were acquired using a 3T fMRI system （ISOL Technology, Korea）. The spatial tasks involved selecting a shape that corresponded to a given figure using four examples, as well as selecting a development figure of a diagram. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： The accuracy rate （number of correct answers/total number of items x 100%） of spatial tasks was calculated. Using the subtraction procedure, the activated areas in the brain during spatial tasks were color-coded by T-score. The double subtraction method was used to analyze the effect of aging between the two age groups （20s versus 40s）. RESULTS： The cerebellum, occipital lobe, parietal lobe, and frontal lobe were similarly activated in the two age groups. Increased brain activations, however, were observed in bilateral parietal and superior frontal lobes of the younger group. More activation was observed in bilateral middle frontal and right inferior frontal lobes in the older group. Compared with the older g

关键词： functional magnetic resonance imaging aging regional activation spatial task

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How Could Beetle＇s Elytra Support Their Own Weight during Forward Flight？

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2014年第4期11卷 529-540页

作者： Tuyen Quang Le Tien Van Truong Hieu TrungTran Soo hyung park Jin Hwan Ko Hoon Cheol park Doyoung Byun Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology Ansan P. O. Box 29 425-600 South Korea Institute of High Performance Computing 1 Fusionopolis Way Singapore 138632 Singapore Department of Aerospace and Information Engineering Konkuk University Seoul South Korea Department of Mechanical Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore Department of Advanced Technology Fusion Konkuk University Seoul South Korea Department of Mechanical Engineering Sungkyunkwan University Suwon South Korea

The aerodynamic role of the elytra during a beetle＇s flapping motion is not well-elucidated, although it is well-recognized that the evolution of elytra has been a key in the success of coleopteran insects due to their protective function. An experimental study on wing kinematics reveals that for almost concurrent flapping with the hind wings, the flapping angle of the elytra is 5 times smaller than that of the hind wings. Then, we explore the aerodynamic forces on elytra in free forward flight with and without an effect of elytron-hind wing interaction by three-dimensional numerical simulation. The numerical results show that vertical force generated by the elytra without interaction is not sufficient to support even its own weight. However, the elytron-hind wing interaction improves the vertical force on the elytra up to 80%; thus, the total vertical force could fully support its own weight. The interaction slightly increases the vertical force on the hind wind by 6% as well.

关键词： wing interaction elytra beetle free forward flight three-dimensional numerical simulation

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Functional magnetic resonance imaging of cerebellar activation and lateralization during verbal and visuospatial tasks

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Neural Regeneration Research 2010年第3期5卷 226-231页

作者： Mi-Hyun Choi Su-Jeong Lee Jae-Woong Yang Jin-Seung Choi hyung-Sik Kim Jeong-Han Yi Gye-Rae Tack soon-Cheol Chung Byung-Chan Min Se-Jin park Jong-Rak park Jae-Hoon Jun Department of Biomedical Engineering Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering College of Biomedical & Health Science Konkuk University Department of Industrial & Management Engineering Hanbat National University Division of Technology Services National Center for Standard Reference Data Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science Department of Photonic Engineering Chosun University

BACKGROUND： Previous studies have analyzed cerebral activation and lateralization of cognitive functions, as well as cerebellar function with reference to high-level cognitive processing. However, there has been very little research on systematization and diversification. In particular, there are no reports on cerebellar lateralization, although reliable results have been reported on cerebral lateralization. OBJECTIVE： This study analyzed cerebellar activation and lateralization in relation to verbal and visuospatial tasks using functional magnetic resonance imaging （fMRI）. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A block design for fMRI observation was performed at the fMRI Laboratory, Brain Science Research Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology from May 2006 to September 2008. PARTICIPANTS： Sixteen healthy, male, college students, aged （23.3 ± 0.5） years, and 16 healthy, male, college students, aged （21.5 ± 2.3） years, participated in the study, respectively. METHODS： Verbal and visuospatial tasks were presented while functional brain images were acquired using a 3T fMRI system. Verbal analogy testing required the subject to select the word with the same relationship as one of the given words. Verbal antonym testing required the subject to select the word with a different meaning among four words. Visuospatial tasks involved selecting a shape that corresponded to a given figure with four examples, as well as selecting a development figure of a diagram. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Changes in cerebellar activation and lateralization between two cognition tasks. RESULTS： Bilateral hemisphere Iobules VI and IX, right hemisphere Iobule VIII, bilateral hemisphere Iobules Crus I, and vermis Iobule IV, V, and Vl were closely related to verbal tasks in comparison to visuospatial tasks. Conversely, bilateral hemisphere Iobules IV and V, as well as the right hemisphere Iobule VI, were closely related to visuospatial tasks compared to verbal tasks. There was no great differe

关键词： cerebellum lateralization functional magnetic resonance imaging verbal and visuospatial tasks neuroimaging neural regeneration

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Investigation of the role of Ca(OH)2 in the catalytic Alkaline Thermal Treatment of cellulose to produce H2 with integrated carbon capture

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2017年第5期26卷 984-1000页

作者： Maxim R.Stonor Nicholas Ouassil Jingguang G.Chen Ah-hyung Alissa park Department of Chemical Engineering Columbia UniversityNYUSA Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering Columbia UniversityNYUSA Lenfest Center for Sustainable Energy Columbia UniversityNYUSA

The Alkaline Thermal Treatment(ATT)of biomass is one of the few biomass conversion processes that has a potential for BECCS(bio-energy with carbon capture and storage).Combining in-situ carbon capture withcreates a carbon-neutral process that has the potential to be *** study has shown that the conversion of cellulose tosuppressedcan be achieved through the reforming of gaseous intermediates in a fixed bed of 10%Ni/*** occurs at low temperatures≤773 K,which could allow for improved sustainability.

关键词： Hydrogen Biomass Alkaline Thermal Treatment Calcium hydroxide Calcium carbonate Carbon capture utilization storage Nickel Heterogeneous catalysis Catalytic reforming

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Numerical simulation for thermal response test performance in closed-loop vertical ground heat exchanger

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2011年第7期54卷 1668-1673页

作者： CHOI Jong Min LEE Chulho park Moonseo KANG Shin-hyung CHOI Hangseok Department of Mechanical Engineering Hanbat National University School of Civil Environmental and Architectural Engineering Korea University Department of Mechanical Engineering Konyang University

In this study, a series of numerical analyses was performed in order to evaluate the performance of full-scale closed-loop vertical ground heat exchangers constructed in Wonju, South Korea. The circulating HDPE pipe, borehole and surrounding ground formation were modeled using FLUENT, a finite-volume method (FVM) program, for analyzing the heat transfer process of the ground heat exchanger system. Two user-defined functions (UDFs) accounting for the difference in the temperature of the circulating inflow and outflow fluid and the variation of ground temperature with depth were adopted in the FLUENT modeling. The thermal conductivities of grouts (cement vs. bentonite) measured in laboratory were used as input values in the numerical analyses to compare the thermal efficiency of the cement and bentonite grouts used for installing the closed-loop vertical ground heat exchanger. A series of numerical analyses was carried out to simulate in-situ thermal response tests performed in the construction site. From the comparison between the in-situ thermal response test results and numerical simulations, the average thermal conductivity of the ground formation in the construction site is back-calculated as approximately 4 W/mK. This value can be used in evaluating the long-term performance of the closed-loop vertical ground heat ex changer.

关键词：换热性能数值模拟热响应垂直闭环测试 FLUENT 数值分析

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9,10-KODA,an α-ketol produced by the tonoplastlocalized 9-lipoxygenase ZmLOX5,plays a signaling role in maize defense against insect herbivory

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Molecular Plant 2023年第8期16卷 1283-1303页

作者： Peiguo Yuan Eli Borrego Yong-soon park Zachary Gorman Pei-Cheng Huang Jordan Tolley Shawn A.Christensen Jantana Blanford Aruna Kilaru Robert Meeley Hisashi Koiwa Stefan Vidal Alisa Huffaker Eric Schmelz Michael V.Kolomiets Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77840-2132USA Currently at Thomas H.Gosnell School of Life Sciences Rochester Institute of TechnologyRochesterNY 14623USA Department of Horticultural Sciences Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA College of Life Sciences Brigham Young UniversityProvoUT 84602USA Biology Department Brookhaven National LaboratoryUptonNY 11973USA Department of Biological Sciences East Tennessee State UniversityJohnson CityTN 37659USA Formerly at Corteva Agriscience JohnstonIA 50131USA Department of Crop Sciences Agricultural EntomologyGeorg-August-Universit€at37077 G€ottingenGermany Section of Cell and Developmental Biology University of California at San DiegoLa JollaCA 92037USA Department of Plant Resources Agriculture and Fisheries Life Science Research InstituteKongju National UniversityYesanChungnam 32439South Korea

13-Lipoxygenases(LOXs)initiate the synthesis of jasmonic acid(JA),the best-understood oxylipin hormone in herbivory ***,the roles of 9-LOX-derived oxylipins in insect resistance remain ***,we report a novel anti-herbivory mechanism mediated by a tonoplast-localized 9-LOX,ZmLOX5,and its linolenic acid-derived product,9-hydroxy-10-oxo-12(Z),15(Z)-octadecadienoic acid(9,10-KODA).Transposon-insertional disruption of ZmLOX5 resulted in the loss of resistance to insect ***5 knockout mutants displayed greatly reduced wound-induced accumulation of multiple oxylipins and defense metabolites,including benzoxazinoids,abscisic acid(ABA),and JA-isoleucine(JA-Ile).However,exogenous JA-Ile failed to rescue insect defense in lox5 mutants,while applications of 1 mM 9,10-KODA or the JA precursor,12-oxo-phytodienoic acid(12-OPDA),restored wild-type resistance *** profiling revealed that exogenous 9,10-KODA primed the plants for increased production of ABA and 12-OPDA,but not *** none of the 9-oxylipins were able to rescue JA-Ile induction,the lox5 mutant accumulated lower wound-induced levels of Ca^(2+),suggesting this as a potential explanation for lower wound-induced *** pretreated with 9,10-KODA exhibited rapid or more robust woundinduced defense gene *** addition,an artificial diet supplemented with 9,10-KODA arrested fall armyworm larvae ***,analysis of single and double lox5 and lox10 mutants showed that ZmLOX5 also contributed to insect defense by modulating ZmLOX10-mediated green leaf volatile ***,our study uncovered a previously unknown anti-herbivore defense and hormonelike signaling activity for a major 9-oxylipin α-ketol.

关键词： abscisic acid benzoxazinoids defense priming fall armyworm Spodoptera 12-oxo-phytodienoic

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Development of temperature-robust damage factor based on sensor fusion for a wind turbine structure

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2015年第1期9卷 42-47页

作者： Jong-Woong park Sung-Han SIM Jin-Hak YI hyung-Jo JUNG Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA School of Urban and Environmental Engineering Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 689- 798Republic of Korea Coastal Development & Ocean Engineering Research Division Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology Ansan 426-744Republic of Korea Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering KAIST Daejeon 305-701 Republic of Korea

Wind power systems have gained much attention due to the relatively high reliability, maturity in technology and cost competitiveness compared to other renewable alternatives. Advances have been made to increase the power efficiency of the wind turbines while less attention has been focused on structural integrity assessment of the structural systems. Vibration-based damage detection has widely been researched to identify damages on a structure based on change in d^mmic characteristics. Widely spread methods are natural frequency-based, mode shape-based, and curvature mode shape-based methods. The natural frequency-based methods are convenient but vulnerable to environmental temperature variation which degrades damage detection capability; mode shapes are less influenced by temperature variation and able to locate damage but requires extensive sensor instrumentation which is costly and vulnerable to signal noises. This study proposes novelty of damage factor based on sensor fusion to exclude effect of temperature variation. The combined use of an accelerometer and an inclinometer was considered and damage factor was defined as a change in relationship between those two measurements. The advantages of the proposed method are： 1） requirement of small number of sensor, 2） robusmess to change in temperature and signal noise and 3） ability to roughly locate damage. Validation of the proposed method is carried out through numerical simulation on a simplified 5 MW wind turbine model.

关键词： sensor fusion damage detection structural health monitoring

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The Effect of Fabrication Conditions for GDC Buffer Layer on Electrochemical Performance of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

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Nano-Micro Letters 2013年第3期5卷 151-158页

作者： Jung-Hoon Song Myung Geun Jung Hye Won park hyung-Tae Lim Fuel Cell Project Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology (RIST) School of Nano & Advanced Materials Engineering Changwon National University

A Gd-doped ceria（GDC） buffer layer is required between a conventional yttria-stabilized zirconia（YSZ） electrolyte and a La-Sr-Co-Fe-O3（LSCF） cathode to prevent their chemical reaction. In this study,the effect of varying the conditions for fabricating the GDC buffer layer, such as sintering temperature and amount of sintering aid, on the solid oxide fuel cell（SOFC） performance was investigated. A finer GDC powder（i.e., ultra-high surface area）, a higher sintering temperature（1290℃）, and a larger amount of sintering aid（12%） resulted in improved densification of the buffer layer; however, the electrochemical performance of an anode-supported cell containing this GDC buffer layer was poor. These conflicting results are attributed to the formation of（Zr, Ce）O2 and/or excess cobalt grain boundaries（GBs） at higher sintering temperatures with a large amount of sintering aid（i.e., cobalt oxide）. A cell comprising of a cobalt-free GDC buffer layer, which was fabricated using a low-temperature process, had lower cell resistance and higher stability. The results indicate that electrochemical performance and stability of SOFCs strongly depend on fabrication conditions for the GDC buffer layer.

关键词： Solid oxide fuel cell(SOFC) Gd-doped ceria Sintering aid Sol-gel spin coating

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Effects of warming,wetting and nitrogen addition on substrate-induced respiration and temperature sensitivity of heterotrophic respiration in a temperate forest soil

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Pedosphere 2021年第2期31卷 363-372页

作者： Mohammad MOONIS Jong-Kyu LEE Hyojin JIN Dong-Gill KIM Ji-hyung park Department of Forest Environment Protection Kangwon National UniversityChuncheon 24341(Republic of Korea) Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Ewha Womans UniversitySeoul 03760(Republic of Korea) Wondo Genet College of Forestry and Natural Resources Hawassa UniversityP.O.Box 128Shashemene(Ethiopia)

Soil heterotrophic respiration and its temperature sensitivity are affected by various climatic and environmental ***,little is known about the combined effects of concurrent climatic and environmental changes,such as climatic warming,changing precipitation regimes,and increasing nitrogen(N)***,in this study,we investigated the individual and combined effects of warming,wetting,and N addition on soil heterotrophic respiration and temperature *** incubated soils collected from a temperate forest in South Korea for 60 d at two temperature levels(15 and 20℃,representing the annual mean temperature of the study site and 5℃warming,respectively),three moisture levels(10%,28%,and 50%water-filled pore space(WFPS),representing dry,moist,and wet conditions,respectively),and two N levels(without N and with N addition equivalent to 50 kg N ha^(-1)year^(-1)).On day 30,soils were distributed across five different temperatures(10,15,20,25,and 30℃)for 24 h to determine short-term changes in temperature sensitivity(Q_(10),change in respiration with 10℃increase in temperature)of soil heterotrophic *** completing the incubation on day 60,we measured substrate-induced respiration(SIR)by adding six labile substrates to the three types of *** treatment(increase from 28%to 50%WFPS)reduced SIR by 40.8%(3.77 to 2.23μg CO_(2)-C g^(-1)h^(-1)),but warming(increase from 15 to 20℃)and N addition increased SIR by 47.7%(3.77 to 5.57μg CO_(2)-C g^(-1)h^(-1))and 42.0%(3.77 to 5.35μg CO_(2)-C g^(-1)h^(-1)),respectively.A combination of any two treatments did not affect SIR,but the combination of three treatments reduced SIR by 42.4%(3.70 to 2.20μg CO_(2)-C g^(-1)h^(-1)).Wetting treatment increased Q_(10)by 25.0%(2.4 to 3.0).However,warming and N addition reduced Q_(10)by 37.5%(2.4 to 1.5)and 16.7%(2.4 to 2.0),*** coupled with wetting did not significantly change Q_(10),while warming coupled with N addition reduced Q

关键词： carbon dioxide decomposition global warming soil moisture soil organic carbon soil respiration Q_(10)

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Super-resolving material microstructure image via deep learning for microstructure characterization and mechanical behavior analysis

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npj Computational Materials 2021年第1期7卷 867-877页

作者： Jaimyun Jung Juwon Na hyung Keun park Jeong Min park Gyuwon Kim Seungchul Lee Hyoung Seop Kim Department of Materials AI&Big-Data Korea Institute of Materials Science(KIMS)Changwon-siRepublic of Korea Department of Mechanical Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology(POSTECH)PohangRepublic of Korea Department of Materials Science and Engineering Pohrepresent the average grainang University of Science and Technology(POSTECH)PohangRepublic of Korea Graduate School of Artificial Intelligence Pohang University of Science and Technology(POSTECH)PohangRepublic of Korea Graduate Institute of Ferrous Technology Pohang University of Science and Technology(POSTECH)PohangRepublic of Korea

The digitized format of microstructures,or digital microstructures,plays a crucial role in modern-day materials ***,the acquisition of digital microstructures through experimental means can be unsuccessful in delivering sufficient resolution that is necessary to capture all relevant geometric features of the *** resolution-sensitive microstructural features overlooked due to insufficient resolution may limit one’s ability to conduct a thorough microstructure characterization and material behavior analysis such as mechanical analysis based on numerical ***,a highly efficient super-resolution imaging based on deep learning is developed using a deep super-resolution residual network to super-resolved low-resolution(LR)microstructure data for microstructure characterization and finite element(FE)mechanical *** characterization and FE model based mechanical analysis using the super-resolved microstructure data not only proved to be as accurate as those based on high-resolution(HR)data but also provided insights on local microstructural features such as grain boundary normal and local stress distribution,which can be only partially considered or entirely disregarded in LR data-based analysis.

关键词： microstructure Microstructure analysis

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