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Applying the hidden Markov Model to Analyze Urban Mobility Patterns: An Interdisciplinary Approach

Chinese Geographical Science 2021年第1期31卷 1-13页

作者： LOO Becky P Y ZhANG Feiyang hsiao janet h ChAN Antoni B LAN hui Department of Geography the University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China Department of Psychology the University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China Department of Computer Science the City University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China

With the emergence of the Internet of Things(IoT), there has been a proliferation of urban studies using big data. Yet, another type of urban research innovations that involve interdisciplinary thinking and methods remains underdeveloped. This paper represents an attempt to adopt a hidden Markov Model(hMM) toolbox developed in Computer Science for the analysis of eye movement patterns in Psychology to answer urban mobility questions in Geography. The main idea is that both people’s eye movements and travel behavior follow the stop-travel-stop pattern, which can be summarized using hMM. Methodological challenges were addressed by adjusting the hMM to analyze territory-wide travel survey data in hong Kong, China. By using the adjusted toolbox to identify the activitytravel patterns of working adults in hong Kong, two distinctive groups of balanced(38.4%) and work-oriented(61.6%) lifestyles were identified. With some notable exceptions, working adults living in the urban core were having a more work-oriented lifestyle. Those with a balanced lifestyle were having a relatively compact zone of non-work activities around their homes but a relatively long commuting distance. Furthermore, working females tend to spend more time at home than their counterparts, regardless of their marital status and lifestyle. Overall, this interdisciplinary research demonstrates an attempt to integrate spatial, temporal, and sequential information for understanding people’s behavior in urban mobility research.

关键词： activity-travel pattern urban mobility activity sequences cluster analysis hidden Markov Model

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A Vertex Network Model of Arabidopsis Leaf Growth

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Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation 2024年第1期6卷 454-488页

作者： Luke Andrejek janet Best Ching-Shan Chou Aman husbands Department of Mathematics The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA Department of Biology The University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA

Biology provides many examples of complex systems whose properties allow organisms to develop in a highly reproducible,or robust,*** such system is the growth and development of flat leaves in Arabidopsis *** mechanistically challenging process results from multiple inputs including gene interactions,cellular geometry,growth rates,and coordinated cell *** better understand how this complex genetic and cellular information controls leaf growth,we developed a mathematical model of flat leaf *** two-dimensional model describes the gene interactions in a vertex network of cells which grow and divide according to physical forces and genetic ***,the model predicts the presence of an unknown additional factor required for the formation of biologically realistic gene expression domains and iterative cell *** two-dimensional model will form the basis for future studies into robustness of adaxial-abaxial patterning.

关键词： Robustness Adaxial-abaxial patterning Mathematical modeling Gene regulatory networks(GRNs) Transcription factors Small RNAs

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Limb Lengthening and Reconstruction Society orthopedic surgeons in the United States:An analysis of geographical distribution,academic,leadership,and demographic characteristics

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第2期15卷 147-155页

作者： Amir human hoveidaei Reza Niakan Seyed hossein hosseini-Asl Abijith Annasamudram janet D Conway International Center for Limb Lengthening Rubin Institute for Advanced OrthopedicsSinai Hospital of BaltimoreBaltimoreMD 21215United States Student Research Committee Shiraz University of Medical SciencesShiraz 73Iran Students’Scientific Research Center Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehran ***Iran

BACKGROUND The Limb Lengthening and Reconstruction Society(LLRS)is a premier orthopedic specialty organization that promotes limb reconstruction for all *** membership characteristics,however,are poorly *** study delineates orthopedic surgeon LLRS members’demographic traits,academic achievement,leadership attainment,and geographical distribution across the United *** To inform aspiring orthopedic professionals,as well as to promote growth and diversity in both the LLRS organization and overarching *** This cross-sectional study examined United States LLRS members’academic,leadership,demographic,and geographical *** reviewing the 2023 LLRS member directory,Google search results were matched to the listings and appended to the compiled *** and ethnicity were evaluated visually utilizing retrieved *** hirsch index(h-index)of academic activity,residency and fellowship training,other graduate degrees,leadership positions,practice type(academic or non-academic),and spoken languages were *** members per state and capita determined geographic *** Mann Whitney U test was applied to compare h-index between males and females,as well as to assess member differences pertaining to affiliation with academic vs non-academic practice *** The study included 101 orthopedic surgeons,78(77.23%)Caucasian and 23(22.77%)non-Caucasian,79(78.22%)male and 22(21.78%)*** with DO degrees comprised only 3.96%(4)of the cohort,while the vast majority held MDs[96.04%(97)].Mean h-index was 10.55,with male surgeons having a significantly higher score(P=0.002).Most orthopedic surgeons(88.12%,)practiced in academic *** those professionals who occupied leadership positions,14%were women,while 86%were ***,19(37.25%)United States regions and the District of Columbia lacked an LLRS-member orthopedic *** per capita rate across the United States was 0.30 LLRS orthopedic

关键词： Limb lengthening and reconstruction Orthopedic surgeon demographics Orthopedic surgeon societal membership Orthopedic fellowships

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Development and evaluation of a safe and effective sugar-free herbal lollipop that kills cavity-causing bacteria

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International Journal of Oral Science 2011年第1期3卷 13-20页

作者： Chu-hong hu Jian he Randal Eckert Xiao-yang Wu Li-na Li Yan Tian Renate Lux Justin A. Shuffer Faina Gelman janet Mentes Sue Spackman janet Bauer Maxwell h. Anderson Wen-yuan Shi School of Dentistry University of California Los Angeles USA C3 Jian Inc Inglewood USA UCLA School of Nursing University of California Los Angeles USA

Dental caries （tooth decay） is caused by a specific group of cariogenic bacteria, like Streptococcus mutans, which convert dietary sugars into acids that dissolve the mineraI in tooth structure. Killing cariogenic bacteria is an effective way to control or prevent tooth decay. In a previous study, we discovered a novel compound （Glycyrrhizol A）, from the extraction of licorice roots, with strong antimicrobial activity against cariogenic bacteria. In the current study, we developed a method to produce these specific herbal extracts in large quantities, and then used these extracts to develop a sugar-free lollipop that effectively kills cariogenic bacteria like Streptococcus mutans. Further studies showed that these sugar-free lollipops are safe and their antimicrobial activity is stable. Two pilot human studies indicate that a brief application of these lollipops （twice a day for ten days） led to a marked reduction of cariogenic bacteria in oral cavity among most human subjects tested. This herbal lollipop could be a novel tool to promote oral health through functional foods.

关键词： antimicrobial therapy licorice Streptococcus mutans

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The diagnostic and prognostic value of systems biology research in major traumatic and thermal injury: a review

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Burns & Trauma 2016年第3期4卷 169-179页

作者： Jon hazeldine Peter hampson janet M.Lord NIhR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre Institute of Inflammation and AgeingBirmingham University Medical SchoolBirmingham B152TTUK NIhR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre Institute of Inflammation and AgeingBirmingham University Medical SchoolBirmingham B152TTUK healing Foundation Centre for Burns Research Queen Elizabeth HospitalBirmingham B152WBUK

As secondary complications remain a significant cause of morbidity and mortality amongst hospitalised trauma patients,the need to develop novel approaches by which to identify patients at risk of adverse outcome is becoming increasingly *** on the idea that patients who experience"poor"outcome post trauma elicit a response to injury that is distinct from those who experience"good"outcome,tailored therapeutics is an emerging concept aimed at improving current treatment regimens by promoting patient-specific *** use of recent advancements in the fields of genomics,proteomics and metabolomics,numerous groups have undertaken a systems-based approach to analysing the acute immune and inflammatory response to major traumatic and thermal injury in an attempt to uncover a single or combination of biomarkers that can identify patients at risk of adverse *** results are encouraging,with all three approaches capable of discriminating patients with"good"outcome from those who develop nosocomial infections,sepsis and multiple organ failure,with differences apparent in blood samples acquired as early as 2 h post *** particular,genomic data is proving to be highly informative,identifying patients at risk of"poor"outcome with a higher degree of sensitivity and specificity than statistical models built upon data obtained from existing anatomical and physiological scoring ***,focussing predominantly upon human-based research,we provide an overview of the findings of studies that have investigated the immune and inflammatory response to major traumatic and thermal injury at the genomic,protein and metabolite level,and consider both the diagnostic and prognostic potential of these approaches.

关键词： Burns Cytokines Genomics Inflammation Mortality Sepsis Trauma

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《联结--论元结构的构架》述评

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当代语言学 2014年第2期16卷 217-223页

作者： janet h. Randall 彭鹭鹭不详中国社会科学院研究生院语言学系北京102488

janet ***所著的《联结——论元结构的构架》（Linking： The *** of Argument Structure）2010年由Springer出版公司出版。全书除引言外，共有两部分，第一部分为1-6章，第二部分为7一10章，全书共xv＋325页。

关键词：论元结构构架 Springer 述评出版公司 2010年 The of

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Phase equilibria and microstructure investigation of Mg-Gd-Y-Zn alloy system

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2022年第3期10卷 746-755页

作者： janet M.Meier Jiashi Miao Song-Mao Liang Jun Zhu Chuan Zhang Josh Caris Alan A.Luo Department of Materials Science and Engineering The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA CompuTherm LLC MiddletonWI 53562 USA Terves LLC EuclidOH 44117USA Department of Integrated Systems Engineering The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA

In order to develop high strength Mg-Gd-Y-Zn alloys,key experiments coupled with CALPhAD(CALculation of PhAse Diagrams)calculations were carried out in the current work to provide critical understanding of this important alloy *** Mg-10 Gd-xY-yZn(x=4 or 5,y=3 or 5,wt.%) were mapped on Mg-Gd-Y-Zn phase diagrams for phase equilibria and microstructure *** microscopy was performed for phase identification and phase fraction determination in as-cast and solution treated *** all three alloys,the major phases were Mg-matrix and long period stacking order(LPSO) 14 h *** ST at 400 and 500℃,the phase fraction of LPSO 14 h increased,particularly the fine lamellar morphology in the Mg *** as-cast and 400℃ Mg10 Gd5 Y3 Zn samples had Mg(Gd,Y) *** 500℃,Mg(Gd,Y) is not stable and transforms into LPSO 14 *** Mg 10 Gd5 Y5 Zn alloy included the WPhase,which showed a reduction in phase fraction with solution *** experimental results were used to validate and improve the thermodynamic database of the Mg-Gd-Y-Zn *** calculations using the improved database can well describe the available experimental results and make accurate predictions to guide the development of promising high-strength Mg-Gd-Y-Zn alloys.

关键词： Long period stacking order(LPSO) Microstructure Magnesium alloys CALPhAD Alloy development.

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Mechanosignaling activation of TGFβmaintains intervertebral disc homeostasis

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Bone Research 2017年第1期5卷 27-40页

作者： Qin Bian Lei Ma Amit Jain janet L Crane Khaled Kebaish Mei Wan Zhengdong Zhang X Edward Guo Paul D Sponseller Cheryle A Seguin Lee h Riley Yongjun Wang Xu Cao Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Institute for Cell EngineeringJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMDUSA Institute of Spine Longhua HospitalShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiPR China Department of Pediatrics Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMDUSA Department of Biomedical Engineering Columbia UniversityNYUSA Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology University of Western OntarioLondonCanada

Intervertebral disc （IVD） degeneration is the leading cause of disability with no disease-modifying treatment. IVD degeneration is associated with instable mechanical loading in the spine, but little is known about how mechanical stress regulates nucleus notochordal （NC） cells to maintain IVD homeostasis. here we report that mechanical stress can result in excessive integrin αvβ6-mediated activation of transforming growth factor beta （TGFβ）, decreased NC cell vacuoles, and increased matrix proteoglycan production, and results in degenerative disc disease （DDD）. Knockout of TGFβ type II receptor （TβRII） or integrin αv in the NC cells inhibited functional activity of postnatal NC cells and also resulted in DDD under mechanical loading. Administration of RGD peptide, TGFβ, and αvβ6-neutralizing antibodies attenuated IVD degeneration. Thus, integrin-mediated activation of TGFβ plays a critical role in mechanical signaling transduction to regulate IVD cell function and homeostasis. Manipulation of this signaling pathway may be a potential therapeutic target to modify DDD.

关键词： Mechanosignaling activation of TGF maintains intervertebral disc homeostasis IVD

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Influence of Glyphaea brevis twig extract on nucleus, tight junctions and expression of inhibin-β, stem cell factor, and androgen binding protein in TM4 Sertoli cells

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Asian pacific Journal of Reproduction 2019年第4期8卷 157-166页

作者： janet Olayemi Olugbodi Oladipupo David Oluwafemi Adeleke Ojo Afolabi Clement Akinmoladun Department of Biochemistry Bingham UniversityAbuja-Keffi RoadKaruNigeria Department of Medical Bioscience University of the Western CapeBellvilleCape TownSouth Africa Phytomedicine and Biochemical Toxicology Unit Department of BiochemistryAfe Babalola UniversityPMB 5454Ado-EkitiNigeria Phytomedicine Biochemical Pharmacology and Toxicology LaboratoriesDepartment of BiochemistrySchool of SciencesPMB 704The Federal University of TechnologyAkureNigeria

Objective: To examine the influence of Glyphaea (G.) brevis twig extract on the mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity, integrity of the tight junctions between adjacent cells, mitochondria, apoptosis, nucleus and expression of inhibin-β, stem cell factor, and androgen binding protein in TM4 Sertoli cells. Methods: TM4 cell line was used in this study as it exhibited properties similar to the Sertoli cells. TM4 Sertoli cells were exposed to G. brevis twig extract (0.1, 1.0, 10.0, 100.0, or 1000.0μg/mL) for 24, 48 and 72 h. Parameters studied included cell viability [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay], mitochondrial membrane potential (tetra methyl rhodamine ethyl ester dye), transepithelial electrical resistance, apoptosis (Annexin V Alexa Fluor?488/propidium iodide assay) and mRNA expression (quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction). Results: G. brevis twig extract had no cytotoxic impact on cell viability, thus, considerably increasing the activity of mitochondrial dehydrogenase enzyme after 24 and 72 h exposure. Transepithelial electrical resistance values revealed substantial (Ph of treatment. Moreover, there was a significant decrease in mitochondrial depolarization of TM4 Sertoli cells exposed to G. brevis twig extract when compared to controls. In addition, G. brevis twig extract significantly reduced necrosis and apoptosis of TM4 Sertoli cells when compared to control. Nevertheless, fluorescence microscopy revealed that the nuclei were egg-shaped and marked uniformly with consistent cell shape at the middle of the TM4 Sertoli cells. Significant stimulatory effects were observed on mRNA levels of inhibin-β, androgen binding protein and stem cell factor. Conclusions: G. brevis twig extract may increase the secretory roles of TM4 Sertoli cells, cells proliferation, as well as cell-cell tight junction integrity. Thus, G. brevis twig may enhance spermatogenesis

关键词： Glyphaea brevis twig TM4 Sertoli cell line Inhibin-β Androgen binding protein

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The social life of the Japanese language

The social life of the Japanese language

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作者： Shigeko Okamoto and janet S. Shibamoto-Smith

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