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Exploiting fly models to investigate rare human neurological disorders

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 21-28页

作者： Tomomi Tanaka hyung-lok Chung Department of Neurology Houston Methodist Research InstituteHoustonTXUSA Department of Neurology Weill Cornell Medical CollegeNew YorkNYUSA

Rare neurological diseases,while individually are rare,collectively impact millions globally,leading to diverse and often severe neurological *** attributed to genetic mutations that disrupt protein function or structure,understanding their genetic basis is crucial for accurate diagnosis and targeted *** investigate the underlying pathogenesis of these conditions,researchers often use non-mammalian model organisms,such as Drosophila(fruit flies),which is valued for their genetic manipulability,cost-efficiency,and preservation of genes and biological functions across evolutionary *** tools available in Drosophila,including CRISPR-Cas9,offer a means to manipulate gene expression,allowing for a deep exploration of the genetic underpinnings of rare neurological *** boasts a versatile genetic toolkit,rapid generation turnover,and ease of large-scale experimentation,making it an invaluable resource for identifying potential drug *** can expose flies carrying disease-associated mutations to various compounds,rapidly pinpointing promising therapeutic agents for further investigation in mammalian models and,ultimately,clinical *** this comprehensive review,we explore rare neurological diseases where fly research has significantly contributed to our understanding of their genetic basis,pathophysiology,and potential therapeutic *** discuss rare diseases associated with both neuron-expressed and glial-expressed *** cases include mutations in CDK19 resulting in epilepsy and developmental delay,mutations in TIAM1 leading to a neurodevelopmental disorder with seizures and language delay,and mutations in IRF2BPL causing seizures,a neurodevelopmental disorder with regression,loss of speech,and abnormal *** we explore mutations in EMC1 related to cerebellar atrophy,visual impairment,psychomotor retardation,and gain-of-function mutations in ACOX1 causing Mitchell ***-of-fun

关键词： ACOX1 Drosophila melanogaster glia lipid metabolism model organisms neuroinflammation neurologic disorders neuron rare disease VLCFA

Mossbauer,optical and structural properties of Fe^(3+) ion in borate glass

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Journal of Rare Earths 2025年第1期43卷 162-170,I0006页

作者： Essam A.Elkelany hesham y.Amin A.Samir M.M.EL-hady h.h.El-Bahnasawy Moukhtar A.hassan Basic Science Department Faculty of EngineeringSinai UniversityAl-Arish45511Egypt School of Information and Electrical Engineering Hangzhou City UniversityHangzhou30015China State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation College of Optical Science and EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China Basic Science Department Faculty of Engineering at ShoubraBenha University11629Egypt Physics Department Faculty of ScienceAl-Azhar University11884CairoEgypt

Lanthanum-bearing iron lithium borate glass is a quaternary system for oxide glasses and was prepared via the melt-quenching *** present article correlates the structure,optical,ligand field and M?ssbauer data on iron lithium borate glass co ntaining La^(3+).The density was measured,while the molar volume was *** physical parameters are *** increasing the La_(2)O_(3) content within the glass network,infrared spectra analysis reveals structural modifications such as the increase in BO_(4) units and the decline in both BO_(3) units and NBO bonds ***,optical absorption spectra were *** absorption spectra disclose a plethora of electronic transitions that are related to Fe^(3+)in tetrahedral and octahedral sites,however,Fe^(2+)phase is not observed in optical spectra,but it has a clear signature in M?ssbauer ***,the glass absorption edges undergo a clear blue shift,reflecting an increased band gap energy(1.96-2.28 eV).The decline in NBO bonds justifies this ***,the values of crystal field splitting are increased,while the values of Racah parameters are *** trend is justified by the decline in NBO bonds and increases electron localization around Fe cations.M?ssbauer spectra confirm the existence of Fe^(3+)in tetrahedral and octahedral sites,while Fe^(2+)exists in only a tetrahedral *** increasing La_(2)O_(3) content,the isomer shift of Fe^(3+)in tetrahedral sites changes to be 0.312-0.329 mm/s,while the isomer shift of octahedral Fe^(3+)is 0.424-0.456 mm/*** findings coincide with optical *** the isomer shift of tetrahedral Fe^(2+)is 0.902-0.911 mm/*** results of structural,optical and ligand field associated with M?ssbauer spectra open more vistas toward the utility of these samples in the optics realm.

关键词： Fe3+ions Rare-earth oxide Mossbauer spectra Ligand field parameters Optical properties

Multi-component decompositions, linear superpositions, and new nonlinear integrable coupled KdV-type systems

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2025年第2期77卷 3-14页

作者： Xiazhi hao S y Lou School of Mathematical Science Zhejiang University of Technology School of Physical Science and Technology Ningbo University

In the realm of nonlinear integrable systems, the presence of decompositions facilitates the establishment of linear superposition solutions and the derivation of novel coupled systems exhibiting nonlinear integrability. By focusing on single-component decompositions within the potential BKP hierarchy, it has been observed that specific linear superpositions of decomposition solutions remain consistent with the underlying equations. Moreover, through the implementation of multi-component decompositions within the potential BKP hierarchy,successful endeavors have been undertaken to formulate linear superposition solutions and novel coupled Kd V-type systems that resist decoupling via alterations in dependent variables.

关键词： integrable system single-component decomposition multi-component decomposition linear superposition integrable coupled KdV-type system

Cortical hem signaling center: functions, development, and potential implications for evolution and brain disorders

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1079-1080页

作者： Victor V.Chizhikov Igor y.Iskusnykh Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology University of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTNUSA

Development of the telencephalon relies upon several signaling centers-localized cellular populations that supply secreted factors to pattern the cortical *** such signaling center is the cortical hem,which arises during embryonic development at the telencephalic dorsal midline,adjacent to the choroid plexus and hippocampal primordium(Figure 1A).While the cortical hem has also been described in reptiles and birds,most of our knowledge about the developmental roles of the cortical hem is derived from the analysis in *** cortical hem produces several types of secreted molecules,including wingless-related integration site(Wnt)and bone morphogenetic(Bmp)*** cortical hem is particularly important for the development of the hippocampus,which is involved in learning and memory,and the neocortex,which is the most complex brain region that mediates multiple types of behavior and higher cognitive functions(Mangale et al.,2008;Dal-Valle-Anton and Borrell,2022).

关键词： epithelium Figure center

Deep view of composite SNR CTA1 with LhAASO in γ-rays up to 300 TeV

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年

作者： Zhen Cao F.Aharonian Axikegu y.X.Bai y.W.Bao D.Bastieri X.J.Bi y.J.Bi W.Bian A.V.Bukevich Q.Cao W.y.Cao Zhe Cao J.Chang J.F.Chang A.M.Chen E.S.Chen h.X.Chen Liang Chen Lin Chen Long Chen M.J.Chen M.L.Chen Q.h.Chen S.Chen S.h.Chen S.Z.Chen T.L.Chen y.Chen N.Cheng y.D.Cheng M.C.Chu M.y.Cui S.W.Cui X.h.Cui y.D.Cui B.Z.Dai h.L.Dai Z.G.Dai Danzengluobu X.Q.Dong K.K.Duan J.h.Fan y.Z.Fan J.Fang J.h.Fang K.Fang C.F.Feng h.Feng L.Feng S.h.Feng X.T.Feng y.Feng y.L.Feng S.Gabici B.Gao C.D.Gao Q.Gao W.Gao W.K.Gao M.M.Ge T.T.Ge L.S.Geng G.Giacinti G.h.Gong Q.B.Gou M.h.Gu F.L.Guo J.Guo X.L.Guo y.Q.Guo y.y.Guo y.A.han O.A.hannuksela M.hasan h.h.he h.N.he J.y.he y.he y.K.hor B.W.hou C.hou X.hou h.B.hu Q.hu S.C.hu C.huang D.h.huang T.Q.huang W.J.huang X.T.huang X.y.huang y.huang y.y.huang X.L.Ji h.y.Jia K.Jia h.B.Jiang K.Jiang X.W.Jiang Z.J.Jiang M.Jin M.M.Kang I.Karpikov D.Khangulyan D.Kuleshov K.Kurinov B.B.Li C.M.Li Cheng Li Cong Li D.Li F.Li h.B.Li h.C.Li Jian Li Jie Li K.Li S.D.Li W.L.Li W.L.Li X.R.Li Xin Li y.Z.Li Zhe Li Zhuo Li E.W.Liang y.F.Liang S.J.Lin B.Liu C.Liu D.Liu D.B.Liu h.Liu h.D.Liu J.Liu J.L.Liu M.y.Liu R.y.Liu S.M.Liu W.Liu y.Liu y.N.Liu Q.Luo y.Luo h.K.Lv B.Q.Ma L.L.Ma X.h.Ma J.R.Mao Z.Min W.Mitthumsiri h.J.Mu y.C.Nan A.Neronov K.C.y.Ng L.J.Ou P.Pattarakijwanich Z.y.Pei J.C.Qi M.y.Qi B.Q.Qiao J.J.Qin A.Raza D.Ruffolo A.Sáiz M.Saeed D.Semikoz L.Shao O.Shchegolev X.D.Sheng F.W.Shu h.C.Song yu.V.Stenkin V.Stepanov y.Su D.X.Sun Q.N.Sun X.N.Sun Z.B.Sun J.Takata P.h.T.Tam Q.W.Tang R.Tang Z.B.Tang W.W.Tian L.h.Wan C.Wang C.B.Wang G.W.Wang h.G.Wang h.h.Wang J.C.Wang Kai Wang Kai Wang L.P.Wang L.y.Wang P.h.Wang R.Wang W.Wang X.G.Wang X.y.Wang y.Wang y.D.Wang y.J.Wang Z.h.Wang Z.X.Wang Zhen Wang Zheng Wang D.M.Wei J.J.Wei y.J.Wei T.Wen C.y.Wu h.R.Wu Q.W.Wu S.Wu X.F.Wu y.S.Wu S.Q.Xi J.Xia G.M.Xiang D.X.Xiao G.Xiao y.L.Xin y.Xing D.R.Xiong Z.Xiong D.L.Xu R.F.Xu R.X.Xu W.L.Xu L.Xue D.h.yan J.Z.yan T.yan C.W.yang C.y.yang F.yang F.F.yang L.L.yang M.J.yang R.Z.yang W.X.yang y.h.yao Z.G.yao L.Q.yin N.yin X.h.you Z.y.you y.h Southwest Jiaotong University School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing University Center for Astrophysics Guangzhou University Tsung-Dao Lee Institute & School of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong University Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences hebei Normal University University of Science and Technology of China LhAASO Collaboration State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Research Center for Astronomical Computing Zhejiang Laboratory Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Physics and Astronomy Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center yunnan University Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays (Tibet University) Ministry of Education Department of Physics The Chinese University of hong Kong Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy and Technology National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) & School of Physics (Guangzhou) & Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai) Sun yat-sen University Institute of high Energy Physics Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science Shandong University APC Université Paris Cité CNRS/IN2P3 CEA/IRFU Observatoire de Paris Department of Engineering Physics & Department of Astronomy Tsinghua University School of Physics and Microelectronics Chinese Academy of Sciences Zhengzhou University yunnan Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences China Center of Advanced Science and Technology College of Physics Sichuan University School of Physics Peking University Guangxi Key Laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics School of Physical Science and Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangxi University Department of Physics Faculty of Science Mahidol University Moscow Institute

The ultra-high-energy（UhE） gamma-ray source 1LhAASO J0007+7303u is positionally associated with the composite SNR CTA1 that is located at high Galactic Latitude b ≈ 10.5°. This provides a rare opportunity to spatially resolve the component of the pulsar wind nebula（PWN） and supernova remnant（SNR） at UhE. This paper conducted a dedicated data analysis of 1LhAASO J0007+7303u using the data collected from December 2019 to July 2023. This source is well detected with significances of 21σ and 17σ at 8-100 TeV and >100 TeV, respectively. The corresponding extensions are determined to be 0.23°±0.03°and 0.17°±0.03°. The emission is proposed to originate from the relativistic electrons accelerated within the PWN of PSR J0007+7303. The energy spectrum is well described by a power-law with an exponential cutoff function dN/dE =（42.4 ± 4.1）(E/（20 TeV）)-2.31±0.11exp(-E/（110±25 TeV）) TeV-1cm-2s-1in the energy range from 8 to 300 TeV, implying a steady-state parent electron spectrum dNe/dEe∝(Ee/（100 TeV）)-3.13±0.16exp[(-Ee/（373±70 TeV）)2] at energies above ≈ 50 TeV. The cutoff energy of the electron spectrum is roughly equal to the expected current maximum energy of particles accelerated at the PWN terminal shock. Combining the X-ray and gamma-ray emission, the current space-averaged magnetic field can be limited to≈ 4.5 μG. To satisfy the multi-wavelength spectrum and the γ-ray extensions, the transport of relativistic particles within the PWN is likely dominated by the advection process under the free-expansion phase assumption.

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LhAASO detection of very-high-energy γ-ray emission surrounding PSR J0248+6021

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年

We report the detection of an extended very-high-energy(VhE) γ-ray source coincident with the location of middle-aged(62.4 kyr) pulsar PSR J0248+6021, by using the LhAASO-WCDA data of live 796 d and LhAASO-KM2A data of live 1216d. A significant excess of γ-ray induced showers is observed both by WCDA in energy bands of 1-25 Te V and KM2A in energy bands of >25 TeV with 7.3σ and 13.5σ, respectively. The best-fit position derived through WCDA data is R.A. = 42.06°± 0.12°and Dec. = 60.24°± 0.13°with an extension of 0.69°±0.15°and that of the KM2A data is R.A.= 42.29°± 0.13°and Dec. =60.38°± 0.07°with an extension of 0.37°±0.07°. No clear extended multiwavelength counterpart of this LhAASO source has been found from the radio band to the GeV band. The most plausible explanation of the VhE γ-ray emission is the inverse Compton process of highly relativistic electrons and positrons injected by the pulsar. These electrons/positrons are hypothesized to be either confined within the pulsar wind nebula or to have already escaped into the interstellar medium, forming a pulsar halo.

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Observation of the γ-ray emission from W43 with LhAASO

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年

In this paper, we report the detection of the very-high-energy (VhE, 100 Ge V100 TeV) γ-ray emissions from the direction of the young star-forming region W43, observed by the Large high Altitude Air Shower Observation (LhAASO). The extended γ-ray source was detected with a significance of～16σby KM2A and～17σby WCDA, respectively. The angular extension of this γ-ray source is about 0.5 degrees, corresponding to a physical size of about 50pc. We discuss the origin of the γ-ray emission and possible cosmic ray acceleration in the W43 region using multi-wavelength data. Our findings suggest that W43 is likely another young star cluster capable of accelerating cosmic rays (CRs) to at least several hundred TeV.

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Dynamic stress concentration in an infinitely long cylindrical cavity due to a point spherical source embedded within a fluid-saturated poroelastic formation of infinite extent

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2025年第1期46卷 139-156页

作者： h.hOSSEINI O.BALILAShAKI Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringGolestan University

The effects of a harmonically exciting monopole source on an infinitely long cylindrical cavity embedded entirely within a fluid-saturated poroelastic formation of infinite extent are examined theoretically. It is assumed that the source is located outside the cavity at a specified distance from the borehole axis. The magnitudes of the hoop and radial stresses beside the pore pressures exerted on the interface and inside the porous medium surrounding the borehole are calculated and discussed. Biot's poroelastic modeling along with three types of boundary conditions for the cylindrical interface including the ideal fluid, empty borehole, and rigid inclusion with a hard boundary is employed for the analysis. Utilizing a proper translational addition theorem for expressing the incident spherical wave in terms of cylindrical wave expansions, the proposed boundary conditions at the interface are satisfied. Stresses are formulated by means of wave potential functions in a three-dimensional(3D) manner. The effects of the frequency and the radial distance between the source and borehole on the induced stresses are examined for the first cylindrical modes over frequency spectra. Two permeability conditions for the interface and three types of soils for the porous formation are considered throughout the analysis. To give an overall outline of the study, a numerical example is presented. The results clearly indicate that the distance is a key parameter and has considerable effects on the induced stress values. In addition, the interface permeability condition and soil characteristics play an important role in determining the dynamic response of the borehole. Finally,the obtained results are compared with the relevant analyses existing in the literature for some limit cases, and good agreement is achieved.

关键词： cylindrical cavity O353.4 point source porous medium stress concentration wave-field transformation

Magnitude, spatial patterns and drivers of methane fluxes from coastal salt marshes and mangrove forests in China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2025年第3期68卷 850-866页

作者： yixuan yU Derrick y.F.LAI Minjie hU Chuan TONG Key Laboratory of humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process of Ministry of Education Fujian Normal University School of Geographical Sciences Fujian Normal University Department of Geography and Resource Management The Chinese University of Hong Kong

Methane（Ch4） is a highly potent greenhouse gas due to its high radiative forcing and global warming *** the magnitude, spatial patterns, and drivers of Ch4emission from wetlands at the regional scale is crucial for formulating suitable strategies to mitigate future climate change. In this study, we synthesized the Ch4flux data reported for major plant communities in the coastal salt marshes and mangrove forests in China and produced a spatial map of Ch4fluxes from the mangrove sediments and salt marshes in China based on the results of machine learning models. Moreover, we examined the main drivers of Ch4flux from these coastal wetlands and estimated the annual Ch4emissions from the salt marshes and mangrove forests in different coastal provinces of China using a bottom-up approach. Our results showed that the mean Ch4fluxes from the salt marsh and mangrove ecosystems in China were 2.22±0.29 and 2.26±0.55 mg m-2h-1, respectively. Across China, the total annual Ch4emission from salt marshes was 31,179.75 Mg Ch4a-1, while that from mangroves was 5,533.97 Mg Ch4a-1with the sediments contributing to 12.7%(701.64 Mg Ch4a-1) of the total efflux. The salt marshes and mangroves in China accounted for 2.75% and 0.14%–0.15% of the global annual Ch4emissions from these two ecosystems,respectively. Moreover, we found that Ch4emissions from the salt marshes and mangroves could offset the cooling impact arising from net carbon dioxide uptake by 88% and 53%, respectively, over a 100-year time scale. Mean annual temperature, soil moisture, and soil organic carbon content were the main factors controlling Ch4emissions from these coastal ***, we found that Ch4fluxes from the salt marshes in China decreased with latitude, which implied a possible increase in marsh Ch4emission in response to global warming that should be considered carefully when developing nature-based climate solutions to achieve national goals for carbon neutrality.

关键词： Salt marsh Mangrove Methane flux Spatial pattern Driving factors China

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