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Establishment of Withania somnifera hairy Root Cultures for the Production of Withanolide A

Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2008年第8期50卷 975-981页

作者： hosakatte n. murthy Camelia Dijkstra Paul Anthony Daniel A. White Mike R. Davey J. Brian Power Eun J. hahn Kee Y. Paek Plant Sciences Division School of Biosciences University of Nottingham Sutton Bonington Campus Loughborough LE12 5RD UK Department of Botany Karnatak University Dharwad 580 003 India Research Center for the Development of Advanced Horticultural Technology Chungbuk National University Cheongju 361-763 Korea Department of Botany Karnatak University Dharwad 580 003 India Food Sciences Division School of Biosciences University of Nottingham Sutton Bonington Campus Loughborough LE12 5RD UK Research Center for the Development of Advanced horticultural Technology Chungbuk National University Cheongju 361-763 Korea

Withania sominifera （Indian ginseng） was transformed by Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Explants from seedling roots, stems, hypocotyls, cotyledonary nodal segments, cotyledons and young leaves were inoculated with A. rhizogenes strain R1601. hairy （transformed） roots were induced from cotyledons and leaf explants. The transgenic status of hairy roots was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction using nptll and rolB specific primers and, subsequently, by Southern analysis for the presence of nptll and rolB genes in the genomes of transformed roots. Four clones of hairy roots were established; these differed in their morphology. The doubling time of faster growing cultures was 8-14 d with a fivefold increase in biomass after 28 d compared with cultured, non-transformed seedling roots. MS-based liquid medium was superior for the growth of transformed roots compared with other culture media evaluated （Sh, LS and n6）, with MS-based medium supplemented with 40 g/L sucrose being optimal for biomass production. Cultured hairy roots synthesized withanolide A, a steroidal lactone of medicinal and therapeutic value. The concentration of withanolide A in transformed roots （157.4 μg/g dry weight） was 2.7-fold more than in non-transformed cultured roots （57.9 μg/g dry weight）.

关键词： Agrobacterium rhizogenes hairy (transformed) roots Indian ginseng transformation withanolide A

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Palaeobotanical and biomarker evidence for Early Permian(Artinskian) wildfire in the Rajmahal Basin, India

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2021年第1期10卷 55-75页

作者： Srikanta murthy Vinod Atmaram Mendhe Dieter Uhl Runcie Paul Mathews Vivek Kumar Mishra Saurabh Gautam Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences 53University RoadLucknow 226007India CSIR-Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research Dhanbad 826015JharkhandIndia Senckenberg Forschungsinstitut und naturmuseum Frankfurt Senckenberganlage 2560325 Frankfurt am MainGermany

This study provides a combined analysis on the palynology, fossil charcoal and biomarkers of the subsurface coal deposits from a borehole RMB #2 drilled at the Dhulia Coal Block, Rajmahal Basin, India, in attempts to establish the chronology of sedimentation and to propose palaeobotanical as well as geochemical evidence for the occurrence of wildfires in these sediments. The palynological investigation suggests a Scheuringipollenites barakarensis palynoassemblage from the lower Barakar Formation, dated as Artinskian(Early Permian) in age. This assemblage reveals the dominance of Glossopteridales and sub-dominance of taxa belonging to Cordaitales and *** charcoal in sediments is usually recognized as a direct indicator for the occurrence of palaeo-wildfires. More data involving the anatomical features of fossil charcoal analyzed by Field Emission Scanning Electronic Microscope broaden our knowledge on Early Permian wildfires from the peninsula of India. The studied macroscopic charcoal fragments exhibit anatomical details such as homogenized cell walls, uniseriate simple and biseriate alternate pitting on tracheid walls and rays of varying heights pointing to a gymnospermous wood affinitity. The excellent preservation of charcoal fragments, shown by their large sizes and almost unabraded edges, suggests a parautochthonous origin. The embedded biomarker study performed for charcoal sediments and its characterization demonstrate the presence of n-alkanes, isoprenoids, terpenoids and aromatic compounds. A bimodal distribution pattern of n-alkanes with a Cmaxat n-C25 is identified. Diterpenoids and pentacyclic terpenoids are identified, indicating the input of an early conifer vegetation and bacterial activity, respectively. The identified polyaromatic hydrocarbon(PAh) compounds, together with the charcoal fragments, clearly suggest that repeated wildfire events occurred during the deposition of these Artinskian sediments in the Rajmahal Basin.

关键词： Palaeo-wildfire Palynology Fossil charcoal Biomarker Barakar Formation Rajmahal Basin

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Deforestation Trends and Spatial Modelling of its Drivers in the Dry Temperate Forests of northern Pakistan–A Case Study of Chitral

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Journal of Mountain Science 2014年第5期11卷 1192-1207页

作者： Khuram Shehzad Faisal M.Qamer MSR murthy Sawaid Abbas Laxmi D.Bhatta International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) The hong Kong Polytechnic University

Deforestation is a major environmental challenge in the mountain areas of Pakistan. The study assessed trends in the forest cover in Chitral tehsil over the last two decades using supervised land cover classification of Landsat TM satellite images from 1992, 2000, and 2009, with a maximum likelihood algorithm. In 2009, the forest cover was 10.3% of the land area of Chitral(60,000 ha). The deforestation rate increased from 0.14% per annum in 1992–2000 to 0.54% per annum in 2000–2009, with 3,759 ha forest lost over the 17 years. The spatial drivers of deforestation were investigated using a cellular automaton modelling technique to project future forest conditions. Accessibility(elevation, slope), population density, distance to settlements, and distance to administrative boundary were strongly associated with neighbourhood deforestation. A model projection showed a further loss of 23% of existing forest in Chitral tehsil by 2030, and degradation of 8%, if deforestation continues at the present rate. Arandu Union Council, with 2212 households, will lose 85% of its forest. Local communities have limited income resources and high poverty and are heavily dependent on non-timber forest products for their livelihoods. Continued deforestation will further worsen their livelihood conditions, thus improved conservation efforts are essential.

关键词： Remote sensing Drivers of deforestation Cellular automata

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Utilization of plant-based natural coagulants as future alternatives towards sustainable water clarification

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2014年第11期26卷 2178-2189页

作者： Sook Yan Choy Krishna murthy nagendra Prasad Ta Yeong Wu Mavinakere Eshwaraiah Raghunandan Ramakrishnan nagasundara Ramanan Chemical Engineering Discipline School of Engineering Monash University Malaysia Civil Engineering Discipline School of Engineering Monash University Malaysia Advanced Engineering Platform School of Engineering Monash University Malaysia

Rapid industrial developments coupled with surging population growth have complicated issues dealing with water scarcity as the quest for clean and sanitized water intensifies globally. Existing flesh water supplies could be contaminated with organic, inorganic and biological matters that have potential harm to the society. Turbidity in general is a measure of water cloudiness induced by such colloidal and suspended matters and is also one of the major criteria in raw water monitoring to meet the stipulated water quality guidelines. Turbidity reduction is often accomplished using chemical coagulants such as alum. The use of alum is widely associated with potential development of health issues and generation of voluminous sludge. natural coagulants that are available in abundance can certainly be considered in addressing the drawbacks associated with the use of chemical coagulants. Twenty one types of plant-based natural coagulants categorized as fruit waste and others are identified and presented collectively with their research summary in this review. The barriers and prospects of commercialization of natural coagulants in near future are also discussed.

关键词： Chemical coagulant Commercialization Constraints Fruit waste Protein Turbidity reduction

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Performance Estimation of Machine Learning Algorithms in the Factor Analysis of COVID-19 Dataset

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第2期66卷 1921-1936页

作者： Ashutosh Kumar Dubey Sushil narang Abhishek Kumar Satya murthy Sasubilli Vicente García-Díaz Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology Chitkara UniversityPunjabIndia Workday Integration Architect huntington ColumbusOHUSA Department of Computer Science University of OviedoOviedoSpain

novel Coronavirus Disease(COVID-19)is a communicable disease that originated during December 2019,when China officially informed the World health Organization(WhO)regarding the constellation of cases of the disease in the city of ***,the disease started spreading to the rest of the *** this point in time,no specific vaccine or medicine is available for the prevention and cure of the *** research works are being carried out in the fields of medicinal and pharmaceutical sciences aided by data analytics and machine learning in the direction of treatment and early detection of this viral *** present report describes the use of machine learning algorithms[Linear and Logistic Regression,Decision Tree(DT),K-nearest neighbor(Knn),Support Vector Machine(SVM),and SVM with Grid Search]for the prediction and classification in relation to *** data used for experimentation was the COVID-19 dataset acquired from the Center for Systems Science and Engineering(CSSE),Johns hopkins University(JhU).The assimilated results indicated that the risk period for the patients is 12–14 days,beyond which the probability of survival of the patient may *** addition,it was also indicated that the probability of death in COVID cases increases with *** death probability was found to be higher in males as compared to *** with Grid search methods demonstrated the highest accuracy of approximately 95%,followed by the decision tree algorithm with an accuracy of approximately 94%.The present study and analysis pave a way in the direction of attribute correlation,estimation of survival days,and the prediction of death *** findings of the present study clearly indicate that machine learning algorithms have strong capabilities of prediction and classification in relation to COVID-19 as well.

关键词： COVID-19 linear and logistic regression DT Knn SVM SVMwith grid search

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Sperm counts and sperm sex ratio in male infertility patients

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2012年第5期14卷 683-686页

作者： Michael L Eisenberg Lata murthy Kathleen hwang Dolores J Lamb Larry I Lipshultz Department of Urology Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA 94305 USA Scott Department of Urology Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX 77030 USA Department of Urology Brown University Providence RI 02912 USA

In recent years, investigators have noted a trend toward a declining proportion of male births in many industrialized nations. While men bear the sex-determining chromosome, the role of the female partner as it pertains to fertilization or miscarriage may also alter the gender ratio. We attempted to determine a man＇s secondary sex ratio （F1 generation） by directly examining the sex chromosomes of his sperm. We examined our male infertility clinic database for all men who had undergone a semen fluorescence in situ hybridization （FISh）. Patient demographic and semen parameters were recorded. Chi-squared analysis was used to compare gender ratios （Y chromosomes/total chromosomes）. Multivariable logistic regression was used to predict the odds of possessing a Y-bearing sperm after accounting for demographic and semen parameters. A total of 185 men underwent sperm FISh. For the entire cohort, the proportion of Y chromosome-bearing sperm was 51.5%. Men with less than five million motile sperm had a significantly lower proportion of Y chromosome-bearing sperm （50.8%） compared to men with higher sperm counts （51.6%; P= 0.02）. After multivariable adjustment, a higher sperm concentration, total motile sperm count and semen volume significantly increased the odds of having a Y chromosome-bearing sperm （P〈0.01）. As a man＇s sperm production declines, so does the proportion of Y chromosome-bearing sperm. Thus, a man＇s reproductive potential may predict his ability to sire male offspring.

关键词： infertility sex ratio spermatogenesis sperm chromosomes

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Ophthalmic profile and systemic features of pediatric facial nerve palsy

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Eye Science 2015年第4期30卷 147-150页

作者： Preeti Patil-Chhablani Sowmya murthy Meenakshi Swaminathan Jasti V Ramanamma Children's Eye Care Centre L V Prasad Eye Institute Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology Sankara Eye Hospital Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Medical Research Foundation

Background: Facial nerve palsy(FnP) occurs less frequently in children as compared to adults but most cases are secondary to an identii able cause. These children may have a variety of ocular and systemic features associated with the palsy and need detailed ophthalmic and systemic ***: This was a retrospective chart review of all the cases of FnP below the age of 16 years, presenting to a tertiary ophthalmic hospital over the period of 9 years, from January 2000 to December ***: A total of 22 patients were included in the study. The average age at presentation was 6.08 years(range, 4 months to 16 years). Only one patient(4.54%) had bilateral FnP and 21 cases(95.45%) had unilateral FnP. Seventeen patients(77.27%) had congenital palsy and of these, five patients had a syndromic association, three had birth trauma and nine patients had idiopathic palsy. Five patients(22.72%) had an acquired palsy, of these, two had a traumatic cause and one patient each had neoplastic origin of the palsy, iatrogenic palsy after surgery for hemangioma and idiopathic palsy. Three patients had ipsilateral sixth nerve palsy, two children were diagnosed to have Moebius syndrome, one child had an ipsilateral Duane's syndrome with ipsilateral hearing loss. Corneal involvement was seen in eight patients(36.36%). Amblyopia was seen in ten patients(45.45%). neuroimaging studies showed evidence of trauma, posterior fossa cysts, pontine gliosis and neoplasms such as a chloroma. Systemic associations included hemifacial macrosomia, oculovertebral malformations, Dandy Walker syndrome, Moebius syndrome and cerebral ***: FnP in children can have a number of underlying causes, some of which may be life threatening. It can also result in serious ocular complications including corneal perforation and severe amblyopia. These children require a multifaceted approach to their care.

关键词：神经麻痹眼科系统小儿综合征平均年龄听力损失细胞增生

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Multi-scale visual analysis of cycle characteristics in spatially-embedded graphs

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Visual Informatics 2023年第3期7卷 49-58页

作者： Farhan Rasheed Talha Bin Masood Tejas G.murthy Vijay natarajan Ingrid hotz Department of Science and Technology LinkOing UniversityBredgatan 33NorrkOing60221Sweden Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of ScienceBangalore560012India Department of Computer Science and Automation Indian Institute of ScienceBangalore560012India

We present a visual analysis environment based on a multi-scale partitioning of a 2d domain intoregions bounded by cycles in weighted planar embedded *** work has been inspired by anapplication in granular materials research,where the question of scale plays a fundamental role inthe analysis of material *** propose an efficient algorithm to extract the hierarchical cyclestructure using persistent *** core of the algorithm is a filtration on a dual graph exploitingAlexander’s *** resulting partitioning is the basis for the derivation of statistical properties thatcan be explored in a visual *** demonstrate the proposed pipeline on a few syntheticand one real-world dataset.

关键词： Visual data analysis Planar graph Force network Granular materials Persistence homology Force loops Computational geometry

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A Statistical Approach to Optimize Xylitol Production by <i>Debaryomyces nepalensis</i>nCYC 3413 <i>in Vitro</i>

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Food and nutrition Sciences 2012年第8期3卷 1027-1036页

作者： hima Bindu Kumdam Shweta n. murthy Sathyanarayana n. Gummadi Applied Industrial Microbiology Laboratory Department of Biotechnology Indian Institute of Technology-Madras Chennai 600 036 India

Debaryomyces nepalensis nCYC 3413, halotolerant yeast isolated from rotten apple, was capable of utilizing components of hemicellulose hydrolysate such as glucose, galactose, mannose, xylose and arabinose. The organism utilizes xylose as a sole carbon source and produces xylitol. The Plackett-Burman design was applied to determine the specific medium components affecting xylitol production and found that xylose, K2hPO4, and ZnSO4 were critical in augmenting xylitol production. These significant parameters were further optimized using response surface methodology. The optimum concentrations of xylose, K2hPO4, and ZnSO4 were found to be 100 g/l, 10.6 g/l and 8.9 mg/l respectively. Under these optimal conditions the xylitol production increased from 27 g/l to 36 g/l with a yield of 0.44 g/g (57% increase in total yield). In addition, formation of the by product (glycerol) was decreased under optimal conditions.

关键词： Debaryomyces nepalensis Xylose Xylitol Medium Optimization Plackett-Burman Design Central Composite Design

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Acquired Coronary Cameral Fistula Due to Post Stent Balloon Dilatation: Dual Coronary Artery Perforations into the Left Ventricle—What Is the Right Treatment?

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases 2014年第11期4卷 548-555页

作者： Avinash murthy Arti Singh Mitchell h. Driesman Division of Cardiology Department of Internal Medicine Bridgeport Hospital Bridgeport CT USA Department of Internal Medicine Bridgeport Hospital Bridgeport CT USA Cardiac Specialists PC Fairfield CT USA

A fifty-year-old female with recent history of LAD stent placement for instent restenosis, presented with chest pain and ventricular fibrillatory arrest. Angiography revealed total occlusion of her LAD stent. She underwent IVUS study, balloon angioplasty and stent placements. Post balloon dilatation of the under-deployed distal stent resulted in dual coronary artery perforations with extravasation of contrast into the LV cavity, a Type 4 Ellis coronary artery perforation (CAP). no extravasation was noted into the pericardium. Immediately a covered stent was deployed which completely sealed both perforation sites with resultant TIMI grade 3 flow. Under-deployment of stents is a common occurrence and is underappreciated. It can happen due to various reasons. not many options exist at that time but to use a high pressure balloon and post dilate the stent. One rare complication is CAP due to post stent dilatation, with incidence reported as 0.1% to 3.0% of PCI procedures. Among the various type of CAP, Ellis Type 4 is of the least frequent however no studies have looked at its exact incidence rate. Prompt recognition and quick intervention are essential to good patient outcome. We chose to deploy a covered stent over the perforation with interim balloon tamponading. Deployment of the stent successfully sealed both the CAPs. Remarkably the patient remained stable and did not complain of chest pain throughout the procedure. The patient did well;she was discharged on dual antiplatelet therapy and is continuing to do well. We report a rare case of 2 distal LAD perforations that drained into the LV (an Ellis Type 4 CAP) caused by post stent dilatation that were successfully treated with a single covered stent. We report successful management of this case along with review of literature about management and dilemmas encountered is such instances.

关键词： Coronary Artery Perforation Coronary Cameral Fistula Ellis Type 4 Perforation Covered Stent

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