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Synthesis of a cardanol-amine derivative using an ionic liquid catalyst

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2016年第3期10卷 425-431页

作者： Atanu Biswas Carlucio R. Alves Maria T. S. Trevisan Roseane l. E. da Silva Roselayne E Furtado Zengshe liu h. N. Cheng USDA Agricultural Research Service National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research Peoria IL 61604 USA Chemistry Department State University of Ceara Itaperi Campus 60740-020 Fortaleza-CE Brazil Chemistry Department Federal University of Ceara Pici Campus 60455-760 Fortaleza-CE Brazil Embrapa Tropical Agroindustry Rua Dra. Sam Mesquita Planalto Pici 60511-110 Fortaleza-CE Brazil USDA Agricultural Research Service Southern Regional Research Center New Orleans LA 70124 USA

Cardanol is a biobased raw material derived from cashew nut shell liquid. In order to extend its utility, new derivatives and additional applications are useful. In this work cardanol was first epoxidized, and a novel aniline derivative prepared from it under mild reaction conditions with the help of an ionic liquid catalyst. The reaction chemistry was studied by using nuclear magnetic reso- nance. The resulting aminohydrin adduct showed antiox- idant property and should also be a useful synthon for further reactions. As an example, the aminohydrin was shown to undergo a condensation reaction with formalde- hyde to form a prepolymer, which could be further reacted to form thermosetting resins.

关键词： cardanol epoxidation aminohydrin aniline,ionic liquid aniline-formaldehyde

中国化马克思主义民族概念和民族理论概念体系的演进脉络

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中央民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版） 2023年第3期50卷 43-57页

作者：杨须爱中央民族大学中国民族理论与民族政策研究院北京100081

词语是概念的语言表征,概念则是理论的基石、思想的出口。中国马克思主义知识分子作为一个自觉的主体登上历史舞台之前,现代汉语“民族”一词包含不同类别、层级的族体的含义已经形成。他们以此为基础,百余年来在中国传播、运用和发展... 详细信息

词语是概念的语言表征,概念则是理论的基石、思想的出口。中国马克思主义知识分子作为一个自觉的主体登上历史舞台之前,现代汉语“民族”一词包含不同类别、层级的族体的含义已经形成。他们以此为基础,百余年来在中国传播、运用和发展马克思主义民族理论的过程中,通过向“民族”一词注入新意涵、从一般性和规范意义上定义民族等途径重构“民族”概念,构建出一套以“民族”概念为中心,以“前缀词+民族”“民族+后缀词”“前缀词+民族+后缀词”等语言形式组成的上百个、多层级的民族理论概念体系,极大拓展了中国人探索民族世界的理论视野。中国马克思主义知识分子之所以始终将我国处于不同社会进化阶位的各类族体均称为民族,是出于对马克思主义民族平等团结思想的秉承和贯彻,彰显了中国化马克思主义民族理论建设要服务现实民族问题解决的宗旨和他们自身的政治智慧。打造具有中国特色、普遍意义的民族学概念体系,应积极借取中国化马克思主义民族概念和民族理论概念体系在百年构建进程中积累的成果,厘清和深化运用已经形成的多层级概念,同时根据实践发展的需要不断改造或革除过时的概念、提出新概念,而非削足适履于西方民族学、民族主义理论概念。

关键词：中国化马克思主义民族概念民族理论概念体系演进脉络中国特色民族学

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日本大学第三者评价的运行机制

比较教育研究 2006年第4期27卷 70-74页

作者：张爱教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地北京师范大学比较教育研究中心北京师范大学国际与比较教育研究所北京100875

在日本大学第三者评价中,文科省、评价机构和大学是相互统一又相互制约的关系。本文以第三者评价的法律性文件《学校教育法》为依据,从第三者评价运行的过程出发,对第三者评价运行过程中文科省、评价机构和大学的相互关系进行分析。

关键词：第三者评价运行机制

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基于集体记忆的群际宽恕过程分析

西北师大学报（社会科学版） 2016年第2期53卷 114-118页

作者：艾娟天津商业大学心理学系天津300134

随着群体间冲突的不断发生以及冲突造成的心理后果日益严重,对于群际宽恕的研究也逐渐展开。群际宽恕是指对曾经侵犯过本群的外群所具有的报复感、愤怒感以及不信任感的减少,并有意识地去理解、接近对方群体并积极地参与到对方群体中去... 详细信息

随着群体间冲突的不断发生以及冲突造成的心理后果日益严重,对于群际宽恕的研究也逐渐展开。群际宽恕是指对曾经侵犯过本群的外群所具有的报复感、愤怒感以及不信任感的减少,并有意识地去理解、接近对方群体并积极地参与到对方群体中去的一种心理过程。冲突事件发生后,群体之间的相互宽恕是一个较长的过程,群体层面上的集体记忆在群际宽恕过程中具有重要的作用。集体记忆是一种关于群体事件的记忆,其对于冲突事件的不断建构与维护可以为群体认识自身和他群提供基础,集体记忆具有的感知和动机功能可以强化群体内认同,道歉、群体接触等群体行为方式可以减少集体记忆建构起来的认知和情感倾向性,有利于群体冲突的解决。

关键词：集体记忆群际宽恕群体认同

随亲宦游:一种宋代女性行旅活动的制度与实践考察

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社会科学战线 2019年第6期 138-146页

作者：铁爱花苏州大学社会学院

宋代女性随亲宦游的行旅活动是一种较突出的社会现象,不仅关系女性自身及其家庭生活,也是官吏仕宦生涯中不可忽视的部分,从而受到国家重视,出现种种制度上的约束与规范。宋代国家对官吏游宦携带家属的规范、管理及相关举措,为女性随亲... 详细信息

宋代女性随亲宦游的行旅活动是一种较突出的社会现象,不仅关系女性自身及其家庭生活,也是官吏仕宦生涯中不可忽视的部分,从而受到国家重视,出现种种制度上的约束与规范。宋代国家对官吏游宦携带家属的规范、管理及相关举措,为女性随亲宦游的行旅活动提供了一定制度保障与约束。在生活实践层面,宋代女性随亲宦游的行旅活动十分常见,主要有随父、随夫、随子以及随同其他亲属宦游行旅等不同类别。宋代女性随亲宦游的行旅活动,既是一种女性自身及其家庭生活的实践,也与官吏仕宦、制度文化等密切相关,具有特定文化意涵与时代特征。

关键词：宋代女性行旅随亲宦游

Conserving plants within and beyond protected areas-still problematic and future uncertain

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Plant Diversity 2019年第2期41卷 36-49页

作者： Vernon h.heywood School of Biological Sciences University of Reading

Against a background of continuing loss of biodiversity, it is argued that for the successful conservation of threatened plant species we need to ensure the more effective integration of the various conservation actions employed, clarify the wording of the CBD targets and provide clearer operational guidance as to how they are to be implemented and their implementation monitored. The role and effectiveness of protected areas in conserving biodiversity and in particular plant species in situ are discussed as are recent proposals for a massive increase of their extent. The need for much greater effort and investment in the conservation or protection of threatened species outside protected areas where most plant diversity occurs is highlighted. The difficulties involved in implementing effective in situ conservation of plant diversity both at an area-and species/population-based level are discussed. The widespread neglect of species recovery for plants is noted and the desirability of making a clearer distinction between species recovery and reintroduction is emphasized. Key messages from a global overview of species recovery are outlined and recommendations made, including the desirability of each country preparing a national species recovery strategy. The projected impacts of global change on protected areas and on species conservation and recovery, and ways of addressing them are discussed.

关键词： Plant conservation CBD targets Protected areas Species recovery Conservation approaches

Acute Care/Trauma Surgeon＇s role in obstetrical/ gynecologic emergencies (The OBCAT Alert)

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2016年第4期7卷 274-277页

作者： Seong K. lee Eddy h. Carrillo Andrew Rosenthal Rafael Sanchez Chauniqua Kiffin Dafney l. Davare Division of Acute Care Surgery and Trauma Memorial Regional Hospital Hollywood FL 33021 USA

BACKGROUND:Overwhelming hemorrhage or other intra-abdominal complications may be associated with obstetrical or gynecologic(OB/GYN) procedures and may require the surgical training of an Acute Care/Trauma *** OB Critical Assessment Team(OBCAT Alert) was developed at our institution to facilitate a multidisciplinary response to complex OB/GYN *** sought to review and characterize the Acute Care/Trauma Surgeon's role in these ***:We conducted a retrospective review of all emergency consults during an OB/GYN case at our institution from 2008 to *** OBCAT is a hospital based alert system designed to immediately notify OB/GYN,anesthesiology,Acute Care/Trauma,the intensive care unit(ICU),and the blood bank of a potential emergency during an OB/GYN ***:There were 7±3 OBCAT alerts/*** patients required Acute Care/Trauma surgery intervention for *** patients required damage control packing during their *** loss averaged 6.8±5.5 l and patients received a total of 21±14units during deliveries with *** were 17 other surgical interventions not related to hemorrhage;seven of these cases were related to adhesions or intestinal *** additional cases required evaluation post routine OB/GYN procedure;the most common reason was for severe wound *** were three deaths during this study ***:Emergency OB/GYN cases are associated with high morbidity and may require damage control or other surgical techniques in cases of overwhelming *** Care/Trauma Surgeons have a key role in the treatment of these complex cases.

关键词： Obstetric hemorrhage Postpartum hemorrhage Damage control packing Acute care surgery OBCAT

日军遗华化学武器诉讼案及其前景析——兼论日本的战后责任问题

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河北法学 2007年第3期25卷 60-64,83页

作者：邢爱芬北京师范大学法学院北京100875

近年来,日军遗华化学武器致人伤亡事件不断发生,从1996年起中国受害者就开始在日本法院提起民间索赔诉讼,但迄今无一最终胜诉。民间赔偿不同于战争赔偿,中国受害者的民间索赔诉讼属日本未尽的战后责任问题,这不仅涉及受害者利益,而且关... 详细信息

近年来,日军遗华化学武器致人伤亡事件不断发生,从1996年起中国受害者就开始在日本法院提起民间索赔诉讼,但迄今无一最终胜诉。民间赔偿不同于战争赔偿,中国受害者的民间索赔诉讼属日本未尽的战后责任问题,这不仅涉及受害者利益,而且关乎中日关系。2006年4月3日中国民间对日索赔联合会在北京成立,开启了中国民间对日索赔的国内诉讼程序。另一方面,中国政府也应从各方面给受害者的索赔诉讼提供支持,包括尝试国际求偿。但这一问题的解决最终还有赖于日本正确看待其侵略历史,彻底履行战争责任。

关键词：日军遗华化学武器诉讼案战后责任民间赔偿

Overexpression of dishevelled-1 attenuates wortmannin-induced hyperphosphorylation of cytoskeletal proteins in N2a cell

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Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2005年第6期26卷 679-684页

作者： hai-hong WANG, ai-hong ZhANG, ling-qiang ZhU, Qun WANG, Jian-zhi WANG~2 Department of Pathophysiology, Tongji Medical College, huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China Department of Pathophysiology Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China

aim: To investigate the effect of dishevelled-1 (DVl-1) on wortmannin-induced Alzheimer-like hyperphosphorylation of cytoskeletal proteins in mouse neuroblastoma 2a (N2a) cells. Methods: Cultured N2a cells were transitorily transfected with DVl-1 expression plasmid using lipofectamine鈩?2000. Western blot and immunofluorescence microscopy were used to measure the phosphorylation of neurofilament and tau. Results: level of phosphorylated neurofilament at SMI31 epitope and phosphorylated tau determined by PhF-1 was increased at 1 h and 3 h and back to normal at 6 h after wortmannin 1 |imol/l treatment. The highest level of phosphorylated neurofilament and phosphorylated tau was seen at 1 h and 3 h after wortmannin treatment, respectively. When DVl-1 protein was overexpressed, the hyperphosphorylation of neurofilament at SMI31 and SMI32 epitopes and tau atPhF-l(Ser-396/404),M4(Thr-231/Ser-235),andTau-l(Ser-198/199/202)epitopes was attenuated. Conclusion: Overexpression of mouse DVl-1 protein inhibits wortmannin-induced hyperphosphorylation of neurofilament and tau in N2a cells.

关键词： Alzheimer disease tau proteins neurofilament wortmannin dishevelled-1