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Conduit necrosis following esophagectomy: An up-to-date literature review

World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2019年第3期11卷 155-168页

作者： Antonios Athanasiou Mairead hennessy Eleftherios Spartalis Benjamin h L Tan Ewen A Griffiths Department of Upper GI Bariatric and Minimally Invasive Surgery St.James' University Hospital Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust Department of Anaesthesia University Hospital of Waterford Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research University of Athens Medical School Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust

Esophageal conduit ischaemia and necrosis is an uncommon but devastating complication of esophagectomy and remains one of the most challenging issues in surgical practice. The incidence, time interval to develop symptoms, and clinical presentation are highly variable with no predictable pattern. Evidence comes from case reports and case series rather than randomized controlled *** describe the issues surrounding conduit necrosis affecting the stomach,jejunum and colon as an esophageal replacement and the advantages,disadvantages and challenges of each type of reconstruction. Diagnosis is challenging for the most experienced surgeon. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and computed tomography thorax with both oral and intravenous contrast is the gold standard. Management, either conservative or interventional is also a difficult decision. Management options include conservative treatment and more aggressive treatments such as stent insertion, surgical debridement and repair of the esophagus using jejunum, colon or a musculocutaneous flap. In spite of recent advances in surgical techniques, there is no reliable strategy to manage esophageal conduit necrosis. Our review covers the pathophysiology and clinical significance of esophageal necrosis while highlighting current techniques of prevention, diagnosis and treatment of this life-threatening condition.

关键词： Esophagectomy Esophageal cancers Esophagogastric anastomosis

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Internal Flow Simulation of high-Performance Solid Rockets using a k-ω Turbulence Model

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Journal of Thermal Science 2005年第2期14卷 114-119页

作者： V.R.SANAL KUMAR h.D.KIM B.N.RAGhUNANDAN T.SETOGUChI S.RAGhUNAThAN Andong National University Andong 760-749 KoreaAndong National University Andong 760-749KoreaIndian Institute of Science Bangalore-560 012IndiaSaga University Honjo-machiSaga 840-8502JapanThe Oueen's University of Belfast Northern IrelandUK

For technological reasons many high-performance solid rocket motors are made from segmented propellant grains with non-uniform port geometry. In this paper parametric studies have been carried out to examine the geometric dependence of transient flow features in solid rockets with non-uniform ports. Numerical computations have been carried out in an inert simulator of solid propellant rocket motor with the aid of a standard k-ω turbulence model. It was seen that the damping of the temperature fluctuation is faster in solid rocket with convergent port than with divergent port geometry. We inferred that the damping of the flow fluctuations using the port geometry is a meaningful objective for the suppression and control of the instability and/or pressure/thrust oscillations during the starting transient of solid rockets.

关键词： solid rockets pressure spike instability thrust oscillation turbulent separation.

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中国大陆科学钻探主孔中磷灰石的磁黄铁矿出溶结构

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岩石学报 2007年第12期23卷 3249-3254页

作者：朱永峰 h．-J．Massonne 北京大学地球与空间科学学院造山带与地壳演化教育部重点实验室 Institut für Mineralogie und Kristallchemie Universitt StuttgartAzenbergstr.18D-70174 StuttgartGermany

在中国大陆科学钻探主孔中部的榴辉岩样品B1021R642P40a、B1039R646P47a、B1046R648P4c和B1053R649P74k中,我们发现了磷灰石的磁黄铁矿出溶结构。磷灰石是该榴辉岩的主要副矿物,其自形程度较高,与石榴石共生。样品中几乎所有磷灰石均发... 详细信息

在中国大陆科学钻探主孔中部的榴辉岩样品B1021R642P40a、B1039R646P47a、B1046R648P4c和B1053R649P74k中,我们发现了磷灰石的磁黄铁矿出溶结构。磷灰石是该榴辉岩的主要副矿物,其自形程度较高,与石榴石共生。样品中几乎所有磷灰石均发育出溶结构,至少存在两组相互垂直的出溶棒。出溶棒形状规则,一样宽(h、F、Cl和S,它的深循环因此可能对地球的水、硫以及其它挥发性组分的全球平衡具有重要影响。

关键词：中国大陆科学钻探苏鲁超高压地体榴辉岩磷灰石出溶结构磁黄铁矿

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Resource assessment of copper deposits in China

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Journal of Central South University of Technology 2005年第z1期12卷 108-113页

作者： ZhANG Qin-li GU De-sheng T. Shoji h. Kaneda School of Resources and Safety Engineering Central South University Changsha 410083 China School of Resources and Safety Engineering Central South University Changsha 410083 China Department of Environment System School of Frontier Sciences the University of Tokyo Tokyo 113-8656 Japan Department of Life Area Environmental Science Faculty of Science the Toho University Tiba 274-8510 Japan

Copper-bearing deposits of China are statistically analyzed in terms of ore grade, metal amount and ore tonnage. Each of grade and metal amount shows more or less a lognormal distribution. Analysis gives 10 copper metallogenic districts, each having specific densities of deposit numbers and copper reserves larger than 3. Based on the ratio of copper in ore value (Rcu), Chinese copper deposits are classified into two groups: mainly copper-producing deposits (MC: Rcu≥0.5) and accessorily copper-producing deposits (AC: Rcu＜0. 5). The grade-tonnage relation of MC deposits can be combined by two exponential functions approximating high grade (＞ 3.0 %) and low grade (＜2.0%) parts. The critical copper grade, which is obtained from the low grade part of the relation, is 0. 34 %. Chinese copper resources are concluded to become pessimistic, because some mines are working with grades close to this critical value. Taking account of the fact that many copper deposits are actually polymetallic, Cu-equivalent grades, which are converted from ratios of metal prices to the copper price, are also introduced. The critical Cu-equivalent grade of MC deposits (0. 43 % ) also suggests that Chinese copper resources are pessimistic.

关键词： copper resources critical grade assessment

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Indole and Its Derivatives as Corrosion Inhibitors for C-Steel during Pickling

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2000年第3期16卷 291-296页

作者： S.h.Sanad, A.A.Ismail and A.A.El-Meligi (Physical Chemistry Dept., National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt) Physical Chemistry Dept. National Research Centre Dokki Cairo Egypt

The corrosion of three types of C-steel in 10% hydrochloric acid solution has been investigated in the absence and the presence of the inhibitors, indole (A), indole acetic acid (B), indole butyric acid (C), and 3-acetyl indole (D), by weight-loss measurements at different temperatures (30～70℃). The results showed that inhibiting efficiency depended upon the presence of the substituted groups in the pyrrole ring. The inhibiting efficiency of the inhibitors increased in the order: Inh. Ch. Bh. Ah. D. Linear Arrhenius plots were obtained in the absence and the presence of inhibitors. Results elucidated the effect of temperatures and molecular structure on the inhibition efficiency. The activation energy, Ea, of the three alloys was calculated and it was found that it depended on the type of steel and inhibitor.

关键词： Carbon steel

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Improving hospital-based trauma care for road traffic injuries in Malawi

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2017年第2期8卷 85-90页

作者： Linda Chokotho Wakisa Mulwafu Isaac Singini Yasin Sjalale Kathryn h. Jacobsen Belt Cure hospital Blantyre Malawi Department of Surgery College of Medicine University of Malawi Blantyre Malawi Johns hopkins Project Blantyre Malawi Blantyre Adventist hospital Blantyre Malawi Department of Global & Community health George Mason University Fairfax Virginia USA

BACKGROUND: The mortality rate from road traffic injuries has increased in sub-Saharan Africa as the number of motor vehicles increase. This study examined the capacity of hospitals along Malawi's main north-south highway to provide emergency trauma ***: Structured interviews and checklists were used to evaluate the infrastructure, personnel, supplies, and equipment at all four of Malawi's central hospitals, ten district hospitals, and one mission hospital in 2014. Most of these facilities are along the main north-south highway that spans the ***: Between July 2013 and March 2014, more than 9 200 road traffic injuries(RTIs) and 100 RTI deaths were recorded by the participating hospitals. All of the hospitals reported staff shortages, especially during nights and weekends. Few clinicians had completed formal training in emergency trauma management, and healthcare workers reported gaps in knowledge and skills, especially at district hospitals. Most central hospitals had access to the critical supplies and medications necessary for trauma care, but district hospitals lacked some of the supplies and equipment needed for diagnosis, treatment, and personal ***: The mortality and disability burden from road traffi c injuries in Malawi(and other low-income countries in sub-Saharan Africa) can be reduced by ensuring that every central and district hospital has a dedicated trauma unit with qualified staff who have completed primary trauma care courses and have access to the equipment necessary to save lives.

关键词： Traffic accidents Emergency medical services Developing countries Road traffi c injuries Sub-Saharan Africa

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Facial basal cell carcinoma:A retrospective study of 67 cases

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2023年第7期11卷 1488-1497页

作者： Afrah A Khalil hamid h Enezei Tahrir N Aldelaimi Raid M Al-Ani Department of Oral Diagnosis College of DentistryUniversity of AnbarRamadi 31001AnbarIraq Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery College of DentistryUniversity of AnbarRamadi 31001AnbarIraq Department of Surgery/Otolaryngology University of AnbarCollege of MedicineRamadi 31001AnbarIraq

BACKGROUND Basal cell carcinoma(BCC)is a slow-growing malignant tumor characterized by local invasiveness but an exceptionally rare metastatic *** ideally affects sun-exposed skin of older patients with more propensity for the facial *** To evaluate the different clinicopathological characteristics of the facial BCC and the efficacy and safety of diode laser for the treatment of these *** We retrospectively reviewed facial BCC lesions ofhem to diode laser ablation during the period from September 2016 to August 2021 at Al-Ramadi Teaching hospital,Ramadi City,*** matching the age,gender,duration,site,and clinical and histological types were registered for every *** functional and aesthetic outcomes and complications following diode laser ablation for each patient were also *** Of 67 patients with facial BCC,there was 65.67%from the age group≥60 years and 58.21%*** mean duration of the lesions was 5.15±1.836 *** most involved location was the nose(29.85%).About half of the cases belong to the noduloulcerative *** histological type comprises 40.3%of the cases,while the least was keratotic(13.4%).Moreover,65.2%of the solid cases were from the age group≤60 years and 38.6%of the adenoid type from the age group>60 years(P value=0.007).Excellent aesthetic and functional outcomes were reported in all cases after 6 mo of *** complications were reported after diode laser *** Facial BCC was mostly seen in the elderly and *** mean duration was 5.15 *** nose was the commonest involved *** lesions were seen in approximately half of the *** age of the patients determined the histological type of the lesion(solid type was mostly seen in the age group≤60 years,while,adenoid in the age group>60 years).Diode laser ablation showed excellent functional and aesthetic outcomes following a 6-mo follow-up.

关键词： Basal cell carcinoma Maxillofacial pathology histopathology Malignant skin tumors Dermatological lesions Diode laser

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Effect of Conductive Fillers on the Cyclic Stress-Strain and Nano-Scale Free Volume Properties of Silicone Rubber

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2014年第5期32卷 558-567页

作者： M.h.Abd-El Salam S.El-Gamal M.Mohsen D.M.Abd El-Maqsoud Physics Department Faculty of Education Ain Shams University Physics Department Faculty of Science Ain Shams University

The effect of carbon black （CB） and graphite （G） powders on the macroscopic and nano-scale free volume properties of silicone rubber based on poly（di-methylsiloxane）（PDMS） was studied through thermal and cyclic mechanical measurements, as well as with positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy （PALS）. The melting temperature of the composites （Tm） and the endothermic enthalpy of melting （Δhm） were estimated by differential scanning calorimetry （DSC）. Tm and the degree of crystallinity （χc） of PDMS composites were found to decrease with increasing the CB content. This can be explained due to the increase in physical cross-linking which results in a decrease in the crystallite thickness. Besides, χc was found to be dependent on the filler type. Cyclic stress-strain behavior of PDMS loaded with different contents of filler has been studied. Mullins ratio （RM） was found to be dependent on the filler type and content. It was found that, RM increases with increasing the filler content due to the increase in physical cross-linking which results in a decrease in the size of free volume, as observed through a decrease of the o-Ps lifetime τ3 measured by PALS. Moreover, the hysteresis in PDMS-CB composites was more pronounced than in PDMS-G composites. Furthermore, a correlation was established between the free volume Vf and the mechanical properties of PDMS composites containing different fillers. A negative correlation was observed between Vf and RM.

关键词： Positron annihilation Positronium Free volume Si-rubber Composite Cyclic mechanical properties.

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Effect of Icosahedral Phase on Crystallographic Texture and Mechanical Anisotropy of Mg–4%Li Based Alloys

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2017年第5期33卷 475-480页

作者： C.Q.Li D.K.Xu S.Yu L.Y.Sheng E.h.han School of Materials Science and Engineering Northeastern University CAS Key Laboratory of Nuclear Materials and Safety Assessment Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Materials Science and Engineering Shenyang Aerospace University Shenzhen Institute Peking University Shenzhen Key Lab Human Tissue Regenerate & Repair

Through investigating and comparing the microstructure and mechanical properties of the as-extruded Mg alloys Mg-4%Li and Mg-4%Li-6%Zn-l.2%Y （in wt%）, it demonstrates that although the formation of I-phase （Mg3Zn6Y, icosahedral structure） could weaken the crystallographic texture and improve the me- chanical strength, the mechanical anisotropy in terms of strength remains in Mg-4%Li-6%Zn-1.2%Y alloy. Failure analysis indicates that for the Mg-4%Li alloy, the fracture surfaces of the tensile samples tested along transverse direction （TD） contain a large number of plastic dimples, whereas the fracture surface exhibits quasi-cleavage characteristic when tensile samples were tested along extrusion direction （ED）. For the Mg-4%Li-6%Zn-I.2%Y alloy, typical ductile fracture surfaces can be observed in both ＂TD＂ and ＂ED＂ samples. Moreover, due to the zonal distribution of broken l-phase particles, the fracture surface of ＂TD＂ samples is characterized by the typical ＂woody fracture＂.

关键词： Mg-Li alloy Texture Mechanical anisotropy Fracture

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Microstructure and Strain hardening of a Friction Stir Welded high-Strength Al–Zn–Mg Alloy

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2014年第4期27卷 723-729页

作者： A.h.Feng D.L.Chen Z.Y.Ma W.Y.Ma R.J.Song School of Materials Science and Engineering Tongji University State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding Production Technology School of Materials Science and EngineeringHarbin Institute of Technology Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Ryerson UniversityTorontoON M5B 2K3Canada Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences

Microstructural evolution and strain hardening behavior of a friction stir welded（FSWed） high-strength7075Al-T651 alloy were *** nugget zone was observed to consist of fine and equiaxed recrystallized grains with a low dislocation density and free of original precipitates,but containing uniformly distributed *** strength,joint efficiency,and ductility of the FSWed joints increased with increasing welding speed.A joint efficiency of ＊91% was achieved at a welding speed of 400 mm/min and rotational rate of 800 r/min,while the ductility remained basically the same as that of the base *** was no obvious strain rate sensitivity observed in both base metal and welded *** both the base metal and FSWed joints exhibited stage III and IV hardening characteristics,the hardening capacity,strain hardening exponent,and strain hardening rate all increased after friction stir welding.

关键词： Aluminum alloy Friction stir welding Mechanical properties Strain hardening

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