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Survival Analysis in Modeling the Birth Interval of the First Child in Indonesia

Open Journal of Statistics 2014年第3期4卷 198-206页

作者： Rahmat hidayat h.di sumarno Endar h. Nugrahani Department of Applied Mathematics Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science Bogor Agricultural University Bogor Indonesia

First birth interval is one of the examples of survival data. One of the characteristics of survival data is its observation period that is fully unobservable or censored. Analyzing the censored data using ordinary methods will lead to bias, so that reducing such bias required a certain method called survival analysis. There are two methods used in survival analysis that are parametric and non-parametric method. The objective of this paper is to determine the appropriate method for modeling the birth of the first child. The exponential model with the inclusion of covariates is used as parametric method, considering that the newly married couples tend to have desire for having baby as soon as possible and such desire will be weakened by increasing age of marriage. The data that will be analyzed were taken from the Indonesia Demographic and health Survey (IDhS) 2012. The result of data analysis shows that the birth of the first child data is not exponentially distributed thus the Cox proportional hazard method is used. Because of the suspicion that disproportional covariate exists, then the proportional hazard test is conducted to show that the covariate of age is not proportional, the generalized Cox proportional method is used, namely Cox extended that allows the inclusion of disproportional covariates. The result of analysis using Cox extended model indicates that the factors affecting the birth of the first child in Indonesia are the area of residence, educational history and its age.

关键词： Analysis Survival Censored Covariate Cox Proportional hazard Cox Extended

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Effect of Repeated Exposure of Fish Flesh Containing Formalin against Cellular Stress of Mice Liver

Effect of Repeated Exposure of Fish Flesh Containing Formali...

引用

International Conference on Computational Techniques and Artificial Intelligence(ICCTAI’2011);International Conference on Advances in Electrical and Electronics Engineering(ICAEE’2011);International Conference on Mechanical,Automobile and Robotics Engineering(ICMAR’2011);International Conference on Management,Behavioral Sciences and Economics Issues(ICMBSE’2011);International Conference on Chemical,Environmental and Biological Sciences(ICCEBS’2011);International Conference on Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Sciences(ICBPS’2011)

作者： Alfonds A.Maramis Mohamad Amin sumarno Aloysius D. Corebima the Department of Biology State University of Manado the Biology Education Doctoral Program State University of Malang the Postgraduate Program Magister of Biomedic University of Brawijaya

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of repeated exposure of fish flesh containing formalin on the expression of heat Shock Protein 70 （hSP70） in liver of mice （Mus musculus）. The expression of hSP70 in the liver of mice were determined using immunohistochemical techniques. The data of hSP70 expression were analyzed using two-way ANOVA with treatment factor and time factor as independent variable. Treatment factor consisted of four categories: negative control, positive control of fish, positive control of formaldehyde, and treatment of fish containing formaldehyde. Time factor consisted of four categories: repeated exposure during 0, 2, 14, and 62 days. Results of data analysis showed that the formaldehyde treatment either in the form of single compounds or mixtures with fish flesh can increase the expression of hSP70. Based on the time factor, hSP70 expression was increased on 2 days repeated exposure, and gradually decreased on 14 and 62 days.

关键词： Formalin hSP70 liver repeated-exposure.

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