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Enhancing Early Detection of Lung Cancer through Advanced Image Processing Techniques and Deep Learning Architectures for CT Scans

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Computers, materials and Continua 2024年第1期81卷 271-307页

作者： Tawfik N. Emara h.m. El-Shafai W. Soliman N.F. Algarni A.D. Abd El-Samie F.E. Computers and Systems Department Electronics Research Institute El Nozha Huckstep Cairo 12622 Egypt Department of Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering Faculty of Electronic Engineering Menoufia University Menouf 32952 Egypt Security Engineering Lab Computer Science Department Prince Sultan University Riyadh 11586 Saudi Arabia Department of Information Technology College of Computer and Information Sciences Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Riyadh 84428 Saudi Arabia

Lung cancer remains a major concern in modern oncology due to its high mortality rates and multifaceted origins, including hereditary factors and various clinical changes. It stands as the deadliest type of cancer and a significant cause of cancer-related deaths globally. Early diagnosis enables healthcare providers to administer appropriate treatment measures promptly and accurately, leading to improved prognosis and higher survival rates. The significant increase in both the incidence and mortality rates of lung cancer, particularly its ranking as the second most prevalent cancer among women worldwide, underscores the need for comprehensive research into efficient screening methods. Advances in diagnostic techniques, particularly the use of computed tomography (CT) scans, have revolutionized the identification of lung cancer. CT scans are renowned for their ability to provide high-resolution images and are particularly effective in detecting small, calcified areas, crucial for identifying early-stage lung cancer. Consequently, there is growing interest in enhancing computer-aided detection (CAD) systems. These algorithms assist radiologists by reducing false-positive interpretations and improving the accuracy of early cancer diagnosis. This study aims to enhance the effectiveness of CAD systems through various methods. Initially, the Contrast Limited Adaptive histogram Equalization (CLAhE) algorithm is employed to preprocess CT scan images, thereby improving their visual quality. Further refinement is achieved by integrating different optimization strategies with the CLAhE method. The Cutmix data augmentation technique is applied to boost the performance of the proposed model. A comparative analysis is conducted using deep learning architectures such as Inception-V3, ResNet101, Xception, and EfficientNet. The study evaluates the performance of these architectures in image classification tasks, both with and without the implementation of the CLAhE algorithm. The em

关键词： CLAhE algorithm classification deep learning feature extraction healthcare applications Lung cancer detection optimization

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Failure pattern in ceramic metallic target under ballistic impact

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第10期40卷 173-190页

作者： m.A.Iqbal m.K.Khan Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology RoorkeeRoorkee 247667India Department of Civil Engineering Aligarh Muslim UniversityAligarh202002India

The ballistic resistance and failure pattern of a bi-layer alumina 99.5%-aluminium alloy 1100-h12 target against steel 4340 ogival nosed projectile has been explored in the present experimental cum numerical *** the experimental investigation,damage induced in the ceramic layer has been quantified in terms of number of cracks developed and failure zone *** resultant damage in the backing layer has been studied with variation in the bulge and perforation hole in the backing layer with the varying incidence *** discussion of the experimental results has been further followed by three dimensional finite element computations using ABAQUS/Explicit finite code to investigate the behaviour of different types of bi-layer targets under multi-hit projectile *** Jh-2 constitutive model has been used to reproduce the behaviour of alumina 99.5%and JC constitutive model has been used for steel 4340 and aluminium alloy *** total energy dissipation has been noted to be of lesser magnitude in case of sub-sequential impact in comparison to simultaneous impact of two *** distance between the impact points of two projectiles also effected the ballistic resistance of bi-layer *** ballistic resistance of single tile ceramic front layer and four tile ceramic of equivalent area found to be dependent upon the boundary conditions provided to the target.

关键词： Ballistic resistance Bi-layer target Ceramic metal armour multi-hit impact Finite element modelling

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Vanillylacetone attenuates cadmium chloride-induced hippocampal damage and memory loss through upregulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 gene and protein expression

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第12期19卷 2750-2759页

作者： Fahaid h.A.L-hashem Salah O.Bashir Amal F.Dawood moutasem S.Aboonq Ismaeel Bin-Jaliah Abdulaiziz m.Al-Garni mohamed D.morsy Department of Physiology College of MedicineKing Khalid UniversityAbhaSaudi Arabia Department of Basic medical Sciences College of MedicinePrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityP.O.Box 84428Riyadh 11671Saudi Arabia Department of Physiology College of MedicineTaibah UniversityAl-Madinah Al-MunawwarahSaudi Arabia Department of medicine College of MedicineKing Khalid UniversityAbhaSaudi Arabia

memory loss and dementia are major public health concerns with a substantial economic *** stress has been shown to play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of hippocampal damage-induced memory *** investigate whether the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compound vanillyla cetone(zingerone) can protect against hippocampal damage and memory loss induced by cadmium chloride(CdCl_(2)) administration in rats,we explo red the potential involvement of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2) signaling pathway,which is known to modulate oxidative stress and *** healt hy male Wistar rats were divided into five groups:vehicle-treated(control),vanillylacetone,CdCl_(2),vanillylacetone+ CdCl_(2),vanillylacetone+ CdCl_(2)+ brusatol(a selective pharmacological N rf2inhibitor) *** effectively attenuated CdCl_(2)-induced damage in the dental gyrus of the hippocampus and improved the memory function assessed by the morris Water maze ***,vanillylacetone markedly decreased the hippocampal tissue levels of inflammatory biomarkers(interleukin-6,tumor necrosis factor-α,intracellular cell adhesive molecules) and apoptosis biomarkers(Bax and cleaved caspase-3).The control and CdCl_(2)-treated groups treated with va nillylacetone showed reduced generation of reactive oxygen species,decreased malondialdehyde levels,and increased superoxide dismutase and glutathione activities,along with significant elevation of nuclear Nrf2 mRNA and protein expression in hippocampal *** the protective effects of vanillylacetone we re substantially blocked by the co-administration of brusatol(a selective N rf2 inhibitor).Va nillylacetone mitigated hippocampal damage and memory loss induced by CdCl_(2),at least in part, by activating the nuclear transcription factor ***,vanillylacetone exerted its potent antioxidant and antiinflammatory actions.

关键词： hippocampus neuroprotective Nrf2 gene oxidative stress vanillylacetone

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Seed Priming with Potassium Nitrate Can Enhance Salt Stress Tolerance in maize

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2024年第8期93卷 1819-1838页

作者： Bushra Rehman Asma Zulfiqar houneida Attia Rehana Sardar muneera A.Saleh Khalid h.Alamer Ibtisam m.Alsudays Faisal mehmood Qamar uz Zaman Institute of Botany University of the PunjabLahore54590Pakistan Department of Biology College of ScienceTaif UniversityTaif21944Saudi Arabia Department of Botany Emerson UniversityMultan60000Pakistan Biological Sciences Department Faculty of Science and ArtsKing Abdulaziz UniversityRabigh21911Saudi Arabia Department of Biology College of ScienceQassim UniversityBurydah52571Saudi Arabia Department of chemistry Sciences The University of LahoreLahore54590Pakistan Department of Environmental Sciences The University of LahoreLahore54590Pakistan

Salinity is a major abiotic stress that hinders plant development and productivity and influences agricultural *** priming is a technique used to boost germination and seedling growth under abiotic stress.A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the impact of seed priming with potassium nitrate(KNO_(3))at various levels(0%,0.50%,1.00%and 1.50%)under salt stress(0,75,100 mm NaCl)on two maize verities(mNh360 and 30T60)for the growth,development and metabolic attributes results revealed that in maize variety mNh360,KNO_(3)priming’s significantly enhanced growth parameters than in maize variety 30T60 under control and salt-stressed *** with KNO_(3)enhanced carotenoids and total chlorophyll in the 30T60 variety that protected the maize plants from salt ***,it was shown that priming with 1.00%KNO_(3)acts as safeguarded to protect them from oxidative damage by salt stress minimizing reactive oxygen species(ROS)formation through increased levels of malondialdehyde(mDA),catalase(CAT),peroxidase(POD),ascorbate peroxidase(APX),and total soluble *** findings of the present study confirm that the use of the KNO_(3)seed priming technique is a lowcost,environmentally friendly technique for mitigating adverse impacts of salt stress in maize crops by activating the antioxidant defense system and improving chlorophyll and osmolyte contents.

关键词： Salinity Zea mays antioxidant enzymes growth seedlings oxidative damage

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ALS-linked C9orf72 dipeptide repeats inhibit starvation-induced autophagy through modulating BCL2–BECN1 interaction

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2024年第5期14卷 2026-2038页

作者： Shiqiang Xu Qilian ma Junwen Shen Ningning Li Shan Sun Nana Wang Yang chen chunsheng Dong Kin Yip Tam Jochen h.m.Prehn hongfeng Wang Zheng Ying Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215123China mOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology College of Pharmaceutical SciencesSuzhou Medical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215123China Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Precision Diagnostics and Therapeutics Development Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215123China Dept.of Physiology&medical Physics and FUTURE-NEURO Research Centre Royal College of Surgeons in IrelandDublin D02 YN77Ireland Faculty of health Sciences University of MacaoTaipaMacao 999078China Insititutes of Biology and medical Science Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215123China

Growing evidences indicate that dysfunction of autophagy contributes to the disease pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)and frontotemporal dementia(FTD),two neurodegenerative *** GGGGCC·GGCCCC repeat RNA expansion in chromosome 9 open reading frame 72(C9orf72)is the most genetic cause of both ALS and *** to the previous studies,GGGGCC·GGCCCC repeat undergoes the unconventional repeat-associated non-ATG translation,which produces dipeptide repeat(DPR)*** there is a growing understanding that C9orf72 DPRs have a strong ability to harm neurons and induce C9orf72-linked ALS/FTD,whether these DPRs can affect autophagy remains *** the present study,we find that poly-GR and poly-PR,two arginine-containing DPRs which display the most cytotoxic properties according to the previous studies,strongly inhibit starvation-induced ***,our data indicate that arginine-rich DPRs enhance the interaction between BCL2 and BECN1/Beclin 1 by inhibiting BCL2 phosphorylation,therefore they can impair autophagic clearance of neurodegenerative disease-associated protein aggregates under starvation condition in ***,our study not only highlights the role of C9orf72 DPR in autophagy dysfunction,but also provides novel insight that pharmacological intervention of autophagy using SW063058,a small molecule compound that can disrupt the interaction between BECN1 and BCL2,may reduce C9orf72 DPR-induced neurotoxicity.

关键词： Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Frontotemporal dementia C9orf72 Autophagy BCL2 BECN1/Beclin 1 Dipeptide repeat Neurodegeneration

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Construction of a broad-host-range Anderson promoter series and particulate methane monooxygenase promoter variants expand the methanotroph genetic toolbox

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Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology 2024年第2期9卷 250-258页

作者： Etash h.Bhat Jessica m.henard Spencer A.Lee Dustin mchalffey mahith S.Ravulapati Elle V.Rogers Logan Yu David Skiles Calvin A.henard Department of Biological Sciences and BioDiscovery Institute University of North TexasDentonTXUSA

methanotrophic bacteria are currently used industrially for the bioconversion of methane-rich natural gas and anaerobic digestion-derived biogas to valuable *** bacteria may also serve to mitigate the negative effects of climate change by capturing atmospheric greenhouse *** genetic tools have previously been developed for genetic and metabolic engineering of ***,the available tools for use in methanotrophs are significantly underdeveloped compared to many other industrially relevant bacteria,which hinders genetic and metabolic engineering of these *** such,expansion of the methanotroph genetic toolbox is needed to further our understanding of methanotrophy and develop biotechnologies that leverage these unique microbes for mitigation and conversion of methane to valuable ***,we determined the copy number of three broad-host-range plasmids in methylococcus capsulatus Bath and methylosinus trichosporium OB3b,representing phylogenetically diverse Gammaproteobacterial and Alphaproteobacterial methanotrophs,***,we show that the commonly used synthetic Anderson series promoters are functional and exhibit similar relative activity in *** and *** OB3b,but the synthetic series had limited ***,we mutagenized the native *** particulate methane monooxygenase promoter and identified variants with activity that expand the activity range of synthetic,constitutive promoters functional not only in ***,but also in Escherichia ***,the tools developed here advance the methanotroph genetic engineering toolbox and represent additional synthetic genetic parts that may have broad applicability in Pseudomonadota bacteria.

关键词： methanotroph methane monooxygenase Promoter metabolic engineering Synthetic biology

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Uncovering the dominant contribution of intermediate volatility compounds in secondary organic aerosol formation from biomass-burning emissions

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National Science Review 2024年第3期11卷 150-158页

作者： Kun Li Jun Zhang David m.Bell Tiantian Wang houssni Lamkaddam Tianqu Cui Lu Qi mihnea Surdu Dongyu Wang Lin Du Imad El haddad Jay G.Slowik Andre S.h.Prevot Environment Research Institute Shandong University Laboratory of Atmospheric chemistry Paul Scherrer Institute

Organic vapors from biomass burning are a major source of secondary organic aerosols(SOAs). Previous smog chamber studies found that the SOA contributors in biomass-burning emissions are mainly volatile organic compounds(VOCs). While intermediate volatility organic compounds(IVOCs) are efficient SOA precursors and contribute a considerable fraction of biomass-burning emissions, their contribution to SOA formation has not been directly observed. here, by deploying a newly-developed oxidation flow reactor to study SOA formation from wood burning, we find that IVOCs can contribute ～70% of the formed SOA, i.e.>2 times more than VOCs. This previously missing SOA fraction is interpreted to be due to the high wall losses of semi-volatile oxidation products of IVOCs in smog chambers. The finding in this study reveals that SOA production from biomass burning is much higher than previously thought, and highlights the urgent need for more research on the IVOCs from biomass burning and potentially other emission sources.

关键词： atmospheric chemistry biomass burning secondary organic aerosol intermediate volatility organic compounds

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Risk scores for allograft failure: Are they still useful in liver recipients from donation after circulatory death?

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World Journal of Transplantation 2024年第4期14卷 95-100页

作者： mohamed h mohamed chairi mónica mogollón González Jennifer Triguero Cabrera Inmaculada Segura Jiménez maria T Villegas herrera Jesús m Villar del moral Transplant Surgery Division Department of SurgeryVirgen de las Nieves University HospitalGranada 18013AndalusiaSpain

BACKGROUND Liver grafts from donation after circulatory death(DCD)are associated with a higher risk of early graft dysfunction,determined by the warm ischemia and cold ischemia *** is essential to have precise criteria to identify this complication in order to guide therapeutic *** To validate different graft and recipient survival scores in patients undergoing liver transplantation(LT)with DCD *** A retrospective and observational unicentric study was conducted on 65 LT patients with grafts obtained from controlled DCD donors from November 2013 to November *** United Kingdom(UK)risk score,early allograft dysfunction(EAD)Olthoff score,and model for early allograft function(mEAF)score were used to evaluate the risk of graft and recipient survival *** survival analysis purposes,we used the Kaplan-meier method,and the differences between subgroups were compared using the log-rank(mantel-Cox)*** Sixty-five patients were included in the *** UK risk score did not demonstrate predictive capacity for recipient or graft ***,in donors aged over 70 years old(18.4%),it significantly predicted graft survival(Pmeier survival curves,graft survival rates at 6 months,2 years,and 5 years in the futility group dramatically decreased to 50%compared to the other groups(log-rank 8.806,Phe EAD Olthoff and mEAF scores did not demonstrate predictive capacity for recipient or graft *** on Kaplan-meier survival curves,patients with a mEAF score≥7 had a lower graft survival rate at 6 months,2 years,and 5 years compared to patients with a lower mEAF score(log-rank 4.667,Ph UK DCD risk score and mEAF score showed predictive capability for graft survival.

关键词： Liver transplantation Donation after circulatory death Early allograft dysfunction Risk scores Graft surviva

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morphology-Tailored Dynamic State Transition in Active-Passive Colloidal Assemblies

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Research 2024年第3期2024卷 751-760页

作者： Nan Yu Zameer h.Shah mingcheng Yang Yongxiang Gao Institute for Advanced Study Shenzhen University518060ShenzhenChina Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Device and Systems of ministry of Education and Guangdong Province College of Optoelectronic EngineeringShenzhen University518060ShenzhenChina Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed matter Physics and Laboratory of Soft matter Physics Institute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Physical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Songshan Lake materials Laboratory DongguanGuangdong 523808China.

mixtures of active self-propelled and passive colloidal particles promise rich assembly and dynamic states that are beyond reach via equilibrium ***,controllable transition between different dynamic states remains ***,we reveal a plethora of dynamic behaviors emerging in assemblies of chemically propelled snowman-like active colloids and passive spherical particles as the particle shape,size,and composition are *** example,assembles of one or more active colloids with one passive particle exhibit distinct translating or orbiting states while those composed of one active colloid with 2 passive particles display persistent“8”-like cyclic motion or hopping between circling states around one passive particle in the plane and around the waist of 2 passive ones out of the plane,controlled by the shape of the active colloid and the size of the passive particles,*** morphology-tailored dynamic transitions are in excellent agreement with state diagrams predicted by mesoscale dynamics *** work discloses new dynamic states and corresponding transition strategies,which promise new applications of active systems such as micromachines with functions that are otherwise impossible.

关键词： Transition otherwise transitions

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The Role of the Size Effect on the Drying of Refractory Castables—how Its Under-standing Could Narrow the Gap between Laboratory Studies and Industrial Reality

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china's Refractories 2024年第2期33卷 35-40页

作者： m.h.mOREIRA h.PENG S.Dal PONT V.C.PANDOLFELLI materials Engineering Department Federal University of São Carlos(UFSCar)São Carlos 13565-905Brazil materials Innovation Elkem Silicon Products DevelopmentKristiansand 4621Norway CNRS Grenoble INP3SRUniversitéGrenoble AlpesGrenoble 38000France

Refractories have unique capabilities such as sustaining their shape and properties at extreme conditions such as the combination of high temperatures and thermal shock,contact with molten metals and slags and in some circumstances resistance to erosion from abrasive *** the large processing output of the heavy industries such as the cement and steel ones which both require high temperature processes,the refractories structures span various meters and weight of several *** the water removal stage of hydraulic bonded castables in industrial sites takes hours(10-60 h)due to the risk of explosive spalling,efforts to mitigate it are commonly *** has provided theoretical understanding of the general aspects of drying and important tools,such as the thermogravimetry analysis(TGA),for the design of refractory compositions with higher explosive spalling ***,the optimization of this process is still far from the industrial reality especially because the actual linings that require the drying are orders of magnitude larger than the samples considered in the laboratory ***,this study proposed the analysis of the sample volume effect on the water removal dynamics through TGA of high alumina castables with calcium aluminate ***φ5 cm×5 cm cylindrical samples were assessed in a laboratory scale equipment whereas macro TGA were carried out considering 20 cm×20 cm×20 cm and 30 cm×30 cm×30 cm cubic ***,the effect of polymeric fibers was also *** was found out that the different thermal gradients within the macro TGA samples resulted in an inflection on the sample’s heating rate and that the mass loss was affected by the volume considered,especially for the composition without *** findings highlight the requirement of carefully taking into consideration the different dimensional sizes and thermal gradients in the samples when analyzing and interpreting the laboratory studies,and

关键词： drying refractory castables size effect thermogravimetry analysis

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