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Bile acids,gut microbiota,and therapeutic insights in hepatocellular carcinoma

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2024年第2期21卷 144-162页

作者： yang song harry ch Lau Xiang Zhang jun yu Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and therapeutics State Key Laboratory of Digestive DiseaseLi Ka Shing Institute of Health SciencesCUHK Shenzhen Research InstituteThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of gastroenterology Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361004China

hepatocellular carcinoma(hCC)is a prevalent and aggressive liver *** interplay between bile acids(BAs)and the gut microbiota has emerged as a critical factor in hCC development and *** normal conditions,BA metabolism is tightly regulated through a bidirectional interplay between gut microorganisms and *** gut microbiota plays a critical role in BA metabolism,and BAs are endogenous signaling molecules that help maintain liver and intestinal *** note,dysbiotic changes in the gut microbiota during pathogenesis and cancer development can disrupt BA homeostasis,thereby leading to liver inflammation and fibrosis,and ultimately contributing to hCC ***,understanding the intricate interplay between BAs and the gut microbiota is crucial for elucidating the mechanisms underlying *** this review,we comprehensively explore the roles and functions of BA metabolism,with a focus on the interactions between BAs and gut microorganisms in ***,therapeutic strategies targeting BA metabolism and the gut microbiota are discussed,including the use of BA agonists/antagonists,probiotic/prebiotic and dietary interventions,fecal microbiota transplantation,and engineered *** summary,understanding the complex BA-microbiota crosstalk can provide valuable insights into hCC development and facilitate the development of innovative therapeutic approaches for liver malignancy.

关键词： Bile acid gut microbiota hepatocellular carcinoma therapeutics microbiota modulation

highly divergent sympatric lineages of Leptotila verreauxi(Aves:Columbidae)suggest a secondary contact area in the Isthmus of tehuantepec,Mexico

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Avian Research 2024年第1期15卷 12-21页

作者： Orlando j.Espinosa-chávez Adolfo g.Navarro-sigüenza hernando Rodríguez-Correa Luis A.sánchez-gonzález Museo de Zoología“Alfonso L.herrera” Depto.de Biología EvolutivaFacultad de CienciasUniversidad Nacional Autonoma de MexicoApdo.Postal 70-399CP 04510Ciudad de MexicoMexico posgrado en Ciencias Biologicas Unidad de PosgradoEdificio D1◦PisoCircuito de PosgradosCiudad UniversitariaUniversidad Nacional Autonoma de MexicoCoyoacanCP 04510CDMXMexico Escuela Nacional de Estudios superiores Unidad Morelia Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico.Antigua Carretera a Patzcuaro No.8701 Col.Ex Hacienda de San Jose de la HuertaC.P.58190MoreliaMichoacanMexico

Due to a complex geological and biotic history,the Isthmus of tehuantepec(It),has been long recognized as a driver for the evolutionary divergence of numerous lowland and highland *** distributed in the lowlands of the American continent,the White-tipped Dove(Leptotila verreauxi)is a polytypic species with 13 recognized *** of these have been recorded in Mexico,and the distribution of three abuts at the It,suggesting a contact *** estimate phylogenetic patterns,divergence times and genetic differentiation,we examined two mt DNA(ND2 and COI)and one n DNA(β-fibint 7)*** also used correlative ecological niche models(ENM)to assess whether ecological differences across the It may have acted as a biogeographical *** estimated paleodistributions during the Middle holocene,Last glacial Maximum and Last Interglacial,to evaluate the influence of climate changes on the distribution and demographic *** results showed genetically distinct lineages that diverged approximately 2.5 million years *** and ecological factors may have played a dual role in promoting differentiation,but also in the formation of a secondary contact zone in the southern *** ecological niche comparisons indicated that the ecological niche of sympatric lineages at the It are not identical,suggesting niches divergence;in addition,environmental niche models across the region indicated no abrupt biogeographic barriers,but the presence of regions with low *** results suggest that genetic differentiation originated by a vicariant event probably related to environmental factors,favored the evolution of different ecological ***,the absence of a biogeographic barrier but the presence of less suitable areas in the contact regions,suggest that secondary contact zones may be also maintained by climatic factors for the eastern group,but also by biotic interactions for the western group.

关键词： Biogeographical boundary humid and dry forests Isthmus of tehuantepec phylogeography secondary contact

Cavity-agnostic acoustofluidic manipulations enabled by guided flexural waves on a membrane acoustic waveguide actuator

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第2期10卷 153-171页

作者： philippe Vachon srinivas Merugu jaibir sharma Amit Lal Eldwin j.ng yul Koh joshua E.-y.Lee chengkuo Lee Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore Institute of Microelectronics Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research(A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore sonicMEMs Laboratory School of Electrical and Computer EngineeringCornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA school of Electrical and Data Engineering University of Technology SydneyUltimoNSWAustralia

this article presents an in-depth exploration of the acoustofluidic capabilities of guided flexural waves(gFWs)generated by a membrane acoustic waveguide actuator(MAWA).By harnessing the potential of gFWs,cavity-agnostic advanced particle manipulation functions are achieved,unlocking new avenues for microfluidic systems and lab-on-a-chip *** localized acoustofluidic effects of gFWs arising from the evanescent nature of the acoustic fields they induce inside a liquid medium are numerically investigated to highlight their unique and promising *** traditional acoustofluidic technologies,the gFWs propagating on the MAWA’s membrane waveguide allow for cavity-agnostic particle manipulation,irrespective of the resonant properties of the fluidic ***,the acoustofluidic functions enabled by the device depend on the flexural mode populating the active region of the membrane *** demonstrations using two types of particles include in-sessile-droplet particle transport,mixing,and spatial separation based on particle diameter,along with streaming-induced counter-flow virtual channel generation in microfluidic pDMs *** experiments emphasize the versatility and potential applications of the MAWA as a microfluidic platform targeted at lab-on-a-chip development and showcase the MAWA’s compatibility with existing microfluidic systems.

关键词： waveguide fluid cavity

Construction of 2D/2D ti_(3)C_(2)t_(x)MXene/Cds heterojunction with photothermal effect for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen production

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journal of Materials science & technology 2024年第4期171卷 1-9页

作者： t.y.huang Z.yang s.y.yang Z.h.dai y.j.Liu j.h.Liao g.y.Zhong Z.j.Xie y.p.Fang s.s.Zhang Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern AgricultureCollege of Materials and EnergySouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou 510643China school of physics and Optoelectronics South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510640China school of chemical Engineering and Energy technology Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Distributed Energy SystemsDongguan University of TechnologyDongguan 523808China

the insensitivity of semiconductors to visible and infrared light is a key constraint on the utilization of light energy in photocatalytic *** photocatalysts with full-spectrum absorption through surface engineering is an effective approach to fully harnessing light energy in semiconductor ***,a novel stable ti_(3)C_(2)t_(x)MXene/Cds heterojunction catalyst is obtained by in-situ epitaxial growth of two-dimensional(2D)Cds nanosheets on 2D MXene interface via a solvothermal *** exceptional light absorption properties of MXene confer outstanding full-spectrum driven photocat-alytic hydrogen evolution capability upon the heterogeneous *** unique 2D/2D structure effectively mitigated the recombination of photogenerated carriers,enhancing the photocatalytic performance of the ***,the composite catalyst exhibits a significantly higher surface temperature of 80.4℃under visible light irradiation at an intensity of 0.1 W/cm^(2),which is 1.84 times higher than that of *** irradiation of visible and near infrared light,the composite catalyst with photothermal ef-fect demonstrates a remarkable hydrogen evolution rate of 65.4 mmol g^(-1)h^(-1),which is 7.2 times higher than that of Cds *** study introduces a novel approach for constructing full-spectrum absorption catalysts and expands the application of the photothermal effect in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution research.

关键词： two-dimensional structure heterostructure photothermal effect photocatalyst hydrogen evolution

predictors of the placebo response in a nutraceutical randomized controlled trial for depression

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journal of Integrative Medicine 2024年第1期22卷 46-53页

作者： Rosemary Arnold jenifer Murphy-smith chee h.ng David Mischoulon gerard j.Byrne chad A.Bousman Con stough Michael Berk jerome sarris professorial Unit the Melbourne ClinicDepartment of PsychiatryUniversity of MelbourneRichmond 3121Australia Depression Clinical and Research program Department of PsychiatryMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02115USA Faculty of Medicine Discipline of PsychiatryCentre for Clinical ResearchRoyal Brisbane&Women’s HospitalHerstonthe University of QueenslandBrisbane 4006Australia Departments of Medical genetics PsychiatryPhysiology&Pharmacology and Community Health SciencesUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAB T2N 1N4Canada Department of psychiatry the University of MelbourneMelbourne 3052Australia Centre for human psychopharmacology Swinburne UniversityMelbourne 3122Australia the Institute for Mental and physical health and Clinical translation School of MedicineBarwon HealthDeakin UniversityGeelong 3220Australia the Centre of Excellence in youth Mental health the University of MelbourneParkville 3052Australia Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental health the University of MelbourneParkville 3052Australia NICM health Research Institute Western Sydney UniversityWestmeadNSW 2145Australia

Objective the placebo response in depression studies is the change in symptoms amongst those who receive an inactive *** well-designed randomized controlled trials(RCts)of depression have a high proportion of placebo responders,with little understanding as to *** present study assesses characteristics associated with the placebo response in a nutraceutical trial with a large proportion of placebo *** this is a secondary analysis of a nutraceutical depression RCt which identified no overall treatment benefit relative to placebo(n=69 in placebo group).We investigated participant characteristics such as socio-demographics,clinical features,and recruitment methods,and their association with the placebo *** genetic polymorphisms were also *** response was measured based on change in Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating scale *** association of these hypothesis-driven variables of interest and the placebo response was examined using linear mixed effects *** greater levels of education,particularly pursuing post-high school education,better self-reported general health,marriage/de facto,greater improvement in the first trial week,and more failed antidepressant therapies in the current depressive episode were associated with greater placebo *** increased placebo response was not found in those recruited via social media nor in those with concomitant antidepressant *** nucleotide polymorphisms from the tryptophan hydroxylase 1(tph1)gene(A779C and A218C)were weakly associated with greater placebo response,although the evidence was attenuated after accounting for multiple *** this is,to our knowledge,the first study within nutraceutical research for depression to assess the association between participant characteristics and variation in the placebo *** variables appeared to predict the placebo *** findings may encourage future trial design

关键词： Randomized controlled trial placebo Depression Nutraceutical psychiatry

solid-liquid extraction for yttrium recovery using porous polymeric resin（XAD-7） functionalized with D2EhpA

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journal of Rare Earths 2024年第9期42卷 1764-1773页

作者： p.A.Martínez-Montoya R.g.sanchez-Alvarado D.y.Medina-Velazquez M.L.Carrera-jota p.garnica-chávez A.de j.Morales-Ramirez higher school of chemical Engineering and Extractive Industries ESIQIEIPNDepartment of Metallurgical Engineering Metropolitan Autonomous University Department of MaterialsBasic Sciences and Engineering Center for Research and technological Innovation CIITECIPN

the recovery of yttrium is proposed by applying a solid-liquid extraction process using di-2-ethyl hexylphosphoric acid（D2EhpA） as extracting *** extracting agents were supported on a macro porous polymeric resin XAD-7（solid phase）.yttrium ions extraction and discharge tests were performed,firstly from a synthetic aqueous solution of 100 mg/L y（liquid phase） at 25℃ with *** effects of ph of aqueous solutions bearing yttrium,volume fraction of extracting agents and the solid/liquid（s/L）ratio on the yttrium recovery were *** most favorable conditions for yttrium ions extraction are;20 vol% D2EhpA functionalized resin,ph=1.5 and an s/L ratio of 10 mg/mL the discharge of yttrium ions was done under the same conditions of extraction stage,using a 2 mol/L [h2sO4] as stripping *** to 80% yttrium is extracted,while 75% yttrium is recovered in the striping *** all experiments,the reaction equilibrium is reached after 20 min,and the kinetics for the extraction stage was determined as a second-order ***,experiments were carried out to discharge the yttriumloaded resins,and it has been determined that the best ph value to strip the y ions is *** tests of extraction and discharge for yttrium ions show that the functionalized resin can work at least five cycles without decreasing its ***,the proposed process was tested in a real solution with y ions fro m a waste fluorescent la mp powder leached in h2sO4,demonstrating the ability to effectively recover yttrium,separating it from various metals from the studied residue.

关键词： Fluorescent lamps recycling Rare earth solid-liquid extraction solid-liquid kinetics extraction XAD-7 resin yttrium recovery

minisCIDOM: a scintillator-based tomograph for volumetric dose reconstruction of single laser-driven proton bunches

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high power Laser science and Engineering 2024年第2期12卷 41-50页

作者： A.Corvino M.Reimold E.Beyreuther F.-E.Brack F.Kroll j.pawelke j.D.schilz M.schneider U.schramm M.E.p.Umlandt K.Zeil t.Ziegler j.Metzkes-ng helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden–Rossendorf DresdenGermany technische Universität Dresden DresdenGermany OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav CarusTUD Dresden University of TechnologyHelmholtz-Zentrum Dresden–RossendorfDresdenGermany Current affiliation:Institut Curie UniversitéPSLCNRS UMR3347OrsayFrance Current affiliation:Universitätsklinikum Freiburg FreiburgGermany

Laser plasma accelerators(LpAs)enable the generation of intense and short proton bunches on a micrometre scale,thus offering new experimental capabilities to research fields such as ultra-high dose rate radiobiology or material *** spectrally broadband,laser-accelerated proton bunches allow for tailored volumetric dose deposition in a sample via single bunches to excite or probe specific sample *** rising number of such experiments indicates a need for diagnostics providing spatially resolved characterization of dose distributions with volumes of approximately 1 cm^(3) for single proton bunches to allow for fast online *** we present the scintillator-based minisCIDOM detector for online single-bunch tomographic reconstruction of dose distributions in volumes of up to approximately 1 cm^(3).the detector achieves a spatial resolution below 500μm and a sensitivity of 100 *** detector performance is tested at a proton therapy cyclotron and an LpA proton *** experiments’primary focus is the characterization of the scintillator’s ionization quenching behaviour.

关键词： beam monitoring detectors laser-driven proton beams scintillator-based diagnostics ultra-high dose rate

supposition of graphene stacks to estimate the contact resistance and conductivity of nanocomposites

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第4期45卷 663-676页

作者： y.ZARE M.t.MUNIR g.j.WEng K.y.RhEE Biomaterials and tissue Engineering Research group Department of Interdisciplinary TechnologiesBreast Cancer Research CenterMotamed Cancer InstituteTehran ***Iran College of Engineering and technology American University of the Middle EastEgaila 54200Kuwait Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Rutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNJ 08903U.S.A. Department of Mechanical Engineering(BK21 Four) College of EngineeringKyung Hee UniversityYongin 446701Republic of Korea

In this study,the effects of stacked nanosheets and the surrounding interphase zone on the resistance of the contact region between nanosheets and the tunneling conductivity of samples are evaluated with developed equations superior to those previously *** contact resistance and nanocomposite conductivity are modeled by several influencing factors,including stack properties,interphase depth,tunneling size,and contact *** developed model's accuracy is verified through numerous experimental *** further validate the models and establish correlations between parameters,the effects of all the variables on contact resistance and nanocomposite conductivity are ***,the contact resistance is primarily dependent on the polymer tunnel resistivity,contact area,and tunneling *** dimensions of the graphene nanosheets significantly influence the conductivity,which ranges from 0 s/m to90 s/*** increased number of nanosheets in stacks and a larger gap between them enhance the nanocomposite's ***,the thicker interphase and smaller tunneling size can lead to higher sample conductivity due to their optimistic effects on the percolation threshold and network efficacy.

关键词： graphene polymer composite stacked nanosheet tunneling conductivity contact resistance interphase

Optimization of chemistry and process parameters for control of intermetallic formation in Mg sludges

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journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第4期12卷 1431-1448页

作者： y.Fu g.g.Wang A.hu y.Li K.B.thacker j.p.Weiler h.hu Department of Mechanical Automotive and Materials EngineeringUniversity of Windsor401 Sunset AveWindsorOntario N9B 3P4Canada global technology Centre Meridian Lightweight Technologies25 MacNab AveStrathroyOntario N7G 4H6Canada

Intermetallic formation in sludge during magnesium(Mg)melting,holding and high pressure die casting practices is a very important ***,very often it is overlooked by academia,original equipment manufacturers(OEM),metal ingot producers and even die *** aim of this study was to minimize the intermetallic formation in Mg sludge via the optimization of the chemistry and process *** Al8Mn5 intermetallic particles were identified by the microstructure analysis based on the Al and Mn *** design of experiment(DOE)technique,taguchi method,was employed to minimize the intermetallic formation in the sludge of Mg alloys with various chemical compositions of Al,Mn,Fe,and different process parameters,holding temperature and holding *** sludge yield(sy)and intermetallic size(Is)was selected as two *** optimum combination of the levels in terms of minimizing the intermetallic formation were 9 wt.%Al,0.15 wt.%Mn,0.001 wt.%(10 ppm)Fe,690℃ for the holding temperature and holding at 30 mins for the holding time,*** best combination for smallest intermetallic size were 9 wt.%Al,0.15 wt.%Mn,0.001 wt.%(10 ppm)Fe,630℃ for the holding temperature and holding at 60 mins for the holding time,*** groups of sludge factors,chemical sludge(CsF),physical sludge(psF)and Comprehensive sludge Factors(and CpsF)were established for prediction of sludge yields and intermetallic sizes in Al-containing Mg *** CpsF with five independent variables including both chemical elements and process parameters gave high accuracy in prediction,as the prediction of the psF with only the two processing parameters of the melt holding temperature and time showed a relatively large deviation from the experimental *** chemical sludge Factor was primarily designed for small ingot producers and die casters with a limited melting and holding capacity,of which process parameters could be fixed *** physical sludge Factor could be used f

关键词： Magnesium sludge Al-Mn intermetallic Optimization taguchi method sludge factor chemical composition process parameter