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Modelling dynamic pantograph loads with combined numerical analysis

railway Engineering Science 2024年第1期32卷 81-94页

作者： F.F.jackson r.Mishra j.M.rebelo j.Santos p.Antunes j.pombo h.Magalhaes L.Wills M.Askill School of Computing and Engineering University of HuddersfieldHuddersfieldUK School of Computing and Engineering Institute of Railway ResearchUniversity of HuddersfieldHuddersfieldUK IDMEC Instituto Superior TecnicoUniversidade de LisboaLisbonPortugal ISEL Instituto Politecnico de LisboaLisbonPortugal hitachi rail Newton AycliffeUK Wabtec/Brecknell Willis ChardUK

Appropriate interaction between pantograph and catenary is imperative for smooth operation of electric *** heights of overhead lines to accommodate level crossings,overbridges,and tunnels pose significant challenges in maintaining consistent current collection performance as the pantograph aerodynamic profile,and thus aerodynamic load changes significantly with operational *** research aims to analyse the global flow characteristics and aerodynamic forces acting on individual components of an hSX pantograph operating in different configurations and orientations,such that the results can be combined with multibody simulations to obtain accurate dynamic insight into contact ***,computational fluid dynamics simulations are used to investigate the pantograph component loads in a representative setting,such as that of the recessed cavity on a Class 800 *** an aerodynamic perspective,this study indicates that the total drag force acting on non-fixed components of the pantograph is larger for the knuckle-leading orientation rather than the knuckle-trailing,although the difference between the two is found to reduce with increasing pantograph *** the aerodynamic loads acting on individual components with multibody tools allows for realistic dynamic insight into the pantograph *** results obtained show how considering aerodynamic forces enhance the realism of the models,leading to behaviour of the pantograph-catenary contact forces closely matching that seen in experimental tests.

关键词： pantograph-catenary interaction pantograph aerodynamics Computational fluid dynamics pantograph loads Current collection performance

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Solid-liquid extraction for yttrium recovery using porous polymeric resin(XAD-7) functionalized with D_(2)EhpA

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journal of rare Earths 2024年第9期42卷 1764-1773,I0005页

作者： p.A.Martínez-Montoya r.G.Sanchez-Alvarado D.Y.Medina-Velazquez M.L.Carrera-jota p.Garnica-Chávez A.de j.Morales-ramirez higher School of Chemical Engineering and Extractive Industries ESIQIEIPNDepartment of Metallurgical EngineeringUPALM S/NCol.LindavistaGustavo A.Madero Cd.de MéxicoC.P07738Mexico Metropolitan Autonomous University Department of MaterialsBasic Sciences and EngineeringAv.San Pablo No.180Col.Reynosa TamaulipasCd.de MéxicoC.P02200Mexico Center for research and Technological Innovation CIITECIPNCda.de CECATIs/nSanta CatarinaAzcapotzalcoC.P02250CDMXMexico

The recovery of yttrium is proposed by applying a solid-liquid extraction process using di-2-ethyl hexylphosphoric acid(D2EhpA) as extracting *** extracting agents were supported on a macro porous polymeric resin XAD-7(solid phase).Yttrium ions extraction and discharge tests were performed,firstly from a synthetic aqueous solution of 100 mg/L Y(liquid phase) at 25℃ with *** effects of ph of aqueous solutions bearing yttrium,volume fraction of extracting agents and the solid/liquid(S/L)ratio on the yttrium recovery were *** most favorable conditions for yttrium ions extraction are;20 vol% D_(2)EhpA functionalized resin,ph=1.5 and an S/L ratio of 10 mg/mL The discharge of yttrium ions was done under the same conditions of extraction stage,using a 2 mol/L [h_(2)SO_(4)] as stripping *** to 80% yttrium is extracted,while 75% yttrium is recovered in the striping *** all experiments,the reaction equilibrium is reached after 20 min,and the kinetics for the extraction stage was determined as a second-order ***,experiments were carried out to discharge the yttriumloaded resins,and it has been determined that the best ph value to strip the Y ions is *** tests of extraction and discharge for yttrium ions show that the functionalized resin can work at least five cycles without decreasing its ***,the proposed process was tested in a real solution with Y ions fro m a waste fluorescent la mp powder leached in h_(2)SO_(4),demonstrating the ability to effectively recover yttrium,separating it from various metals from the studied residue.

关键词： Yttrium recovery rare earth solid-liquid extraction XAD-7 resin Fluorescent lamps recycling Solid-liquid kinetics extraction

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Optimization of chemistry and process parameters for control of intermetallic formation in Mg sludges

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journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第4期12卷 1431-1448页

作者： Y.Fu G.G.Wang A.hu Y.Li K.B.Thacker j.p.Weiler h.hu Department of Mechanical Automotive and Materials EngineeringUniversity of Windsor401 Sunset AveWindsorOntario N9B 3P4Canada Global Technology Centre Meridian Lightweight Technologies25 MacNab AveStrathroyOntario N7G 4H6Canada

Intermetallic formation in sludge during magnesium(Mg)melting,holding and high pressure die casting practices is a very important ***,very often it is overlooked by academia,original equipment manufacturers(OEM),metal ingot producers and even die *** aim of this study was to minimize the intermetallic formation in Mg sludge via the optimization of the chemistry and process *** Al8Mn5 intermetallic particles were identified by the microstructure analysis based on the Al and Mn *** design of experiment(DOE)technique,Taguchi method,was employed to minimize the intermetallic formation in the sludge of Mg alloys with various chemical compositions of Al,Mn,Fe,and different process parameters,holding temperature and holding *** sludge yield(SY)and intermetallic size(IS)was selected as two *** optimum combination of the levels in terms of minimizing the intermetallic formation were 9 wt.%Al,0.15 wt.%Mn,0.001 wt.%(10 ppm)Fe,690℃ for the holding temperature and holding at 30 mins for the holding time,*** best combination for smallest intermetallic size were 9 wt.%Al,0.15 wt.%Mn,0.001 wt.%(10 ppm)Fe,630℃ for the holding temperature and holding at 60 mins for the holding time,*** groups of sludge factors,Chemical Sludge(CSF),physical Sludge(pSF)and Comprehensive Sludge Factors(and CpSF)were established for prediction of sludge yields and intermetallic sizes in Al-containing Mg *** CpSF with five independent variables including both chemical elements and process parameters gave high accuracy in prediction,as the prediction of the pSF with only the two processing parameters of the melt holding temperature and time showed a relatively large deviation from the experimental *** Chemical Sludge Factor was primarily designed for small ingot producers and die casters with a limited melting and holding capacity,of which process parameters could be fixed *** physical Sludge Factor could be used f

关键词： Magnesium sludge Al-Mn intermetallic Optimization Taguchi method Sludge factor Chemical composition process parameter

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Observability Analysis of Integrated Electricity and heating Systems with Thermal Quasi-dynamics in pipelines

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CSEE journal of power and Energy Systems 2024年第3期10卷 1145-1158页

作者： Zhigang Li Wenjian Zheng junbo Zhao j.h.Zheng Q.h.Wu School of Electric power Engineering South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510641China Fuzhou Changle District power Supply Company of State Grid Fujian Electric power Co. Ltd.Fuzhou 350000China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of ConnecticutStorrsCT 06269USA CSEE IEEE

Observability analysis(OA)is vital to obtaining the available input measurements of state estimation(SE)in an integrated electricity and heating system(IEhS).Considering the thermal quasi-dynamics in pipelines,the measurement equations in heating systems are dependent on the estimated results,leading to an interdependency between OA and *** OA methods require measurement equations be known exactly before SE is performed,and they are not applicable to *** bridge this gap,a scenario-based OA scheme for IEhSs is devised that yields reliable analysis results for a predefined set of time-delay scenarios to cope with this *** its core procedure,the observable state identification and observability restoration are formulated in terms of integer linear *** tests are conducted to demonstrate the validity and superiority of the proposed formulation.

关键词： Integrated electricity and heating system measurement observability analysis state estimation thermal quasi-dynamics

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Collisionless shock acceleration of protons in a plasma slab produced in a gas jet by the collision of two laser-driven hydrodynamic shockwaves

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Matter and radiation at Extremes 2024年第2期9卷 12-25页

作者： j.-r.Marquès L.Lancia p.Loiseau p.Forestier-Colleoni M.Tarisien E.Atukpor V.Bagnoud C.Brabetz F.Consoli j.Domange F.hannachi p.Nicolaï M.Salvadori B.Zielbauer LULI CNRSÉcole PolytechniqueCEASorbonne UniversitéInstitut Polytechnique de Paris91128 Palaiseau CedexFrance CEA DAMDIF91297 Arpajon CedexFrance Universitéparis-Saclay CEALMCE91680 Bruyères-le-ChatelFrance CENBG CNRS-IN2P3Universitéde Bordeaux33175 Gradignan CedexFrance GSI helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung Gmbh Planckstraße 164291 DarmstadtGermany University of Darmstadt Schloßgartenstr.764289 DarmstadtGermany ENEA Fusion and Technologies for Nuclear Safety Department C.R.FrascatiVia Enrico Fermi 45FrascatiRomeItaly CELIA Universitéde Bordeaux–CNRS–CEA33405 TalenceFrance Universitéparis-Saclay CEALIDYL91191 Gif-sur-YvetteFrance

We have recently proposed a new technique of plasma tailoring by laser-driven hydrodynamic shockwaves generated on both sides of a gas jet[Marquès et al.,*** 28,023103(2021)].In a continuation of this numerical work,we study experimentally the influence of the tailoring on proton acceleration driven by a high-intensity picosecond laser in three cases:without tailoring,by tailoring only the entrance side of the picosecond laser,and by tailoring both sides of the gas *** tailoring,the acceleration is transverse to the laser axis,with a low-energy exponential spectrum,produced by Coulomb *** the front side of the gas jet is tailored,a forward acceleration appears,which is significantly enhanced when both the front and back sides of the plasma are *** forward acceleration produces higher-energy protons,with a peaked spectrum,and is in good agreement with the mechanism of collisionless shock acceleration(CSA).The spatiotemporal evolution of the plasma profile is characterized by optical shadowgraphy of a probe *** refraction and absorption of this beam are simulated by post-processing 3D hydrodynamic simulations of the plasma *** with the experimental results allows estimation of the thickness and near-critical density of the plasma slab produced by tailoring both sides of the gas *** parameters are in good agreement with those required for CSA.

关键词： acceleration hydrodynamic collision

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A detailed comparison of the composition of(rE)-Ba-Cu-O-Ag bulk superconductors

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Superconductivity 2024年第1期9卷 87-94页

作者： j.V.j.Congreve Y.Shi A.r.Dennis h.Druiff N.C.Tutt D.A.Cardwell j.h.Durrell Department of Engineering University of CambridgeCambridgeUK

The homogeneity of the microstructure and composition are critical in determining the properties of rare earthbarium‐cuprate,single grain bulk superconductors[(rE)BCO].The magnitude of the trapped magnetic field achieveable in these technologically important materials,in particular,is influenced heavily by the size and distribution of(rE)_(2)BaCuO_(x)(rE‐211)flux pinning inclusions in the bulk microstructure,whereas the size and distribution of silver agglomerates present within the bulk superconducting matrix correlate directly with improved mechanical *** careful engineering,these materials have significant potential for application in range of devices related to energy storage,medicine,electro‐magnetic machinery and microelectronic *** of(rE)BCO bulk superconductors typically involves heating a powder compact above its peritectic decomposition temperature followed by slow cooling to facilitate the growth of a single ***(rE)BCO composition has a different peritectic temperature and growth rate,which,therefore,necessitates different requirements in the heating *** fabrication temperature and growth rate,for example,may have an effect on the rE‐211 and silver distribution,which may,in turn,affect the superconducting properties of the resulting single *** this work we compare the distributions of silver and rE‐211 in the single grain microstructures of YBCOAg,GdBCO‐Ag,EuBCO‐Ag and SmBCO‐Ag bulk superconductors using optical microscopy,scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X‐ray *** observe that the distributions are very similar along both the a/b‐axis and c‐axis of these *** suggests that factors other than the maximum temperature used to achieve peritectic decomposition and the rate of single grain growth are particularly influential in determining the properties of the as‐processed samples in the top seeded melt growth *** observation demonstrates there is freedom to us

关键词： YBCO‐Ag GdBCO‐Ag SmBCO‐Ag EuBCO‐Ag Composition Bulk superconductor

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Comparative analysis of microstructure,mechanical,and corrosion properties of biodegradable Mg-3Y alloy prepared by selective laser melting and spark plasma sintering

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journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第4期12卷 1496-1510页

作者： p.Minárik M.Zemková S.Šašek j.Dittrich M.Knapek F.Lukáˇc D.Koutný j.jaroš r.Král Faculty of Mathematics and physics Charles UniversityKe Karlovu 5Praha 12116Czech Republic research Centre University ofŽilinaUniverzitná8215/1Žilina 01026Slovakia Institute of plasma physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences Za Slovankou 1782/318200 Praha 8Czech Republic Institute of Machine and Industrial Design Brno University of TechnologyTechnická2896/2Brno 61669Czech Republic

This work explored possibilities of biodegradable magnesium alloy Mg-3Y preparation by two modern powder metallurgy techniques–spark plasma sintering(SpS)and selective laser melting(SLM).The powder material was consolidated by both methods utilising optimised parameters,which led to very low porosity(∼0.3%)in the SLM material and unmeasurably low porosity in the SpS *** main aim of the study was the thorough microstructure characterisation and interrelation between the microstructure and the functional properties,such as mechanical strength,deformability,and corrosion *** materials showed comparable strength of∼110 Mpa in tension and compression and relatively good deformability of∼9%and∼21%for the SLM and SpS materials,*** corrosion resistance of the SpS material in 0.1 M NaCl solution was superior to the SLM one and comparable to the conventional extruded *** digital image correlation during loading and the cross-section analysis of the corrosion layers revealed that the residual porosity and large strained grains have the dominant negative effect on the functional properties of the SLM *** the other hand,one of the primary outcomes of this study is that the SpS consolidation method is very effective in the preparation of the W3 biodegradable alloy,resulting in material with convenient mechanical and degradation properties that might find practical applications.

关键词： Magnesium Yttrium powder metallurgy Microstructure Mechanical strength Corrosion resistance

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particle elasticity influences polymeric artificial antigen presenting cell effectiveness in vivo via CD8+T cell activation,macrophage uptake,and the protein corona

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Nano research 2024年第10期17卷 9052-9064页

作者： Savannah E.Est-Witte Sydney r.Shannon Dennis h.Gong Kaitlyn G.Calabresi jawaun j.harris Kaitlyn Storm Edwin j.Yoo Ariel Isser Vivek p.jani Natalie K.Livingston Mary O.Omotoso Kelly rhodes Elana Ben-Akiva randall A.Meyer Zoe T.hsieh Simone Sidoli Stephany Y.Tzeng jonathan p.Schneck jordan j.Green Translational Tissue Engineering Center Institute for NanobiotechnologyDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringJohns Hopkins School of Medicine400 N BroadwayBaltimoreMD 21231USA Institute for Cell Engineering Department of PathologyJohns Hopkins School of Medicine733 N BroadwayBaltimoreMD 21205USA Department of Biochemistry Albert Einstein College of MedicineThe BronxNew York CityNY 10461USA

Adoptive cell therapy(ACT)is an immunotherapy strategy for cancer that has seen widespread clinical *** ACT,patient-derived lymphocytes are stimulated with the antigen of interest ex vivo,proliferated,then returned to the patient to initiate an antigen-specific antitumor *** effective,this process is resource-intensive and logistically impossible for many *** artificial antigen presenting cells(aApCs)offer a potential“off-the-shelf”alternative to ex vivo *** particulate aApCs perform well in vitro,they have had limited success in vivo due to poor bioavailability after *** to bioavailability include rapid clearance,unfavorable biodistribution,and inadequate interactions with CD8+T cells at sites of *** properties such as elasticity have been shown to vastly impact the bioavailability and particle-cell interactions,but this has yet to be investigated in the context of aApCs for in vivo T-cell *** literature likewise indicates that biomaterial properties,especially elasticity,can modulate T-cell activation in *** the goal of creating a more biomimetic,next-generation particulate aApC,we developed a poly(ethylene)glycol hydrogel particle platform with tunable elasticity to investigate the impact of elasticity on antigen-specific T cell activation for in vivo adoptive *** this knowledge,we were able to gain more precise control over in vivo T cell activation and investigate possible mechanisms including the effects of aApC elasticity on T cell binding,macrophage uptake,and the protein corona.

关键词： adoptive cell therapy artificial antigen presenting cells particle drug delivery elasticity protein corona poly(ethylene glycol)

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Wettability,reactivity,and interface structure in Mg/Ni system

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journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第2期12卷 659-672页

作者： S.Terlicka N.Sobczak Ł.Maj p.Darłak j.j.Sobczak Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science Polish Academy of Sciences25 Reymonta Str.KrakowPoland Faculty of Foundry Engineering AGH University23 Reymonta Str.KrakowPoland

The sessile drop method was applied to the experimental investigation of the wetting and spreading behaviors of liquid Mg drops on pure Ni *** comparison,the experiments were performed in two variants:(1)using the Capillary purification(Cp)procedure,which allows the non-contact heating and squeezing of a pure oxide-free Mg drop;(2)by classical Contact heating(Ch)*** high-temperature tests were performed under isothermal conditions(Cp:760℃for 30 s;Ch:715℃for 300 s)using Ar+5 wt%h_(2) *** the sessile drop tests,images of the Mg/Ni couples were recorded by CCD cameras(57 fps),which were then applied to calculate the contact angles of metal/substrate *** and transmission electron microscopy analyses,both coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy,were used for detailed structural characterization of the solidified *** was found that an oxide-free Mg drop obtained by the Cp procedure showed a wetting phenomenon on the Ni substrate(an average contact angleθpreading and good wetting over the Ni substrate(θ_((Cp))~20°in 5 s)to form a final contact angle ofθ_(f(Cp))~18°.In contrast,a different wetting behavior was observed for the Ch procedure,where the unavoidable primary oxide film on the Mg surface blocked the spreading of liquid Mg showing apparently non-wetting behavior after 300 s contact at the test ***,in both cases,the deep craters formed in the Ni substrates under the Mg drops and significant change in the structure of initially pure Mg drops to Mg-Ni alloys suggest a strong dissolution of Ni in liquid Mg and apparent values of the final contact angles measured for the Mg/Ni system.

关键词： Magnesium-based alloys Sessile drop tests Capillary purification procedure Wettability reactivity Contact angle

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Dissociation cross sections ofψ(3770),ψ(4040),ψ(4160),andψ(4415)mesons with nucleons

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Communications in Theoretical physics 2024年第4期76卷 93-112页

作者： ruo-Qing Ding Xiao-Ming Xu h j Weber Department of physics Shanghai UniversityBaoshanShanghai 200444China Department of physics University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVA 22904United States of America

We study the dissociation of ψ(3770), ψ(4040), ψ(4160), and ψ(4415) mesons in collision with nucleons, which takes place in high-energy proton-nucleus collisions. The quark interchange between a nucleon and a ■ meson leads to the dissociation of the ■ meson. We consider the reactions:■, and■, where r stands for ψ(3770), ψ(4040), ψ(4160), or ψ(4415). A reaction of a neutron and a ■ meson corresponds to a reaction of a proton and the ■ meson by replacing the up quark with the down quark and vice versa. Transition-amplitude formulas are derived from the S-matrix *** cross sections are calculated with the transition amplitudes for scattering in the prior form and in the post form. The cross sections relate to nodes in the radial wave functions of ψ(3770), ψ(4040), ψ(4160), and ψ(4415) mesons.

关键词： inelastic nucleon-charmonium scattering quark interchange relativistic constituent quark potential model

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