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Automatic and Robust Segmentation of multiple Sclerosis Lesions with Convolutional Neural Networks

Computers, materials & Continua 2021年第1期66卷 977-991页

作者： h.m.rehan afzal Suhuai Luo Saadallah Ramadan Jeannette Lechner-Scott mohammad Ruhul Amin Jiaming Li m.Kamran afzal m.Kamran afzal School of Electrical Engineering and Computing University of NewcastleCallaghanNSW 2308Australia hunter medical Research Institute New Lambton HeightsNSW 2305Australia Department of Neurology John Hunter HospitalNew Lambton HeightsNSW 2305Australia CSIRO Data61 MarsfieldNSW 2122Australia School of Computer Science and Technology Xiamen UniversityXiamen361005China

The diagnosis of multiple sclerosis(mS)is based on accurate detection of lesions on magnetic resonance imaging(mRI)which also provides ongoing essential information about the progression and status of the *** detection of lesions is very time consuming and lacks *** of the lesions are difficult to detect manually,especially within the grey *** paper proposes a novel and fully automated convolution neural network(CNN)approach to segment *** proposed system consists of two 2D patchwise CNNs which can segment lesions more accurately and *** first CNN network is implemented to segment lesions accurately,and the second network aims to reduce the false positives to increase *** system consists of two parallel convolutional pathways,where one pathway is concatenated to the second and at the end,the fully connected layer is replaced with *** routine mRI sequences T1-w,T2-w and FLAIR are used as input to the CNN,where FLAIR is used for segmentation because most lesions on mRI appear as bright regions and T1-w&T2-w are used to reduce mRI *** evaluated the proposed system on two challenge datasets that are publicly available from mICCAI and *** and qualitative evaluation has been performed with various metrics like false positive rate(FPR),true positive rate(TPR)and dice similarities,and were compared to current state-of-the-art *** proposed method shows consistent higher precision and sensitivity than other *** proposed method can accurately and robustly segment mS lesions from images produced by different mRI scanners,with a precision up to 90%.

关键词： multiple sclerosis lesion segmentation automatic segmentation CNN automated tool lesion detection

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基于卷积注意力机制和小样本惯性传感单元数据的下肢肌肉活动计算方法

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医用生物力学 2024年第S01期39卷 657-657页

作者：梁雯琦 h.m.rehan afzal 乔勇宇樊澳王凡杰胡艺伟杨鹏飞西北工业大学生命学院空间生物实验模拟技术国防重点学科实验室空天特殊环境生物诊疗与防护技术装备教育部工程研究中心西安710072

目的肌肉活动通常可以通过肌电图直接测量或肌骨模型计算得到。然而,该类方法对于非技术用户或在非实验室场景下使用较为不便。基于惯性传感单元数据的深度学习模型为肌肉活动计算提供了更为简单易用的解决方案。然而大规模训练数据的... 详细信息

目的肌肉活动通常可以通过肌电图直接测量或肌骨模型计算得到。然而,该类方法对于非技术用户或在非实验室场景下使用较为不便。基于惯性传感单元数据的深度学习模型为肌肉活动计算提供了更为简单易用的解决方案。然而大规模训练数据的获取困难限制了深度学习模型的计算效能。本研究旨在构建基于小样本惯性传感单元数据的新型深度学习模型,计算步态过程中的下肢肌肉活动。为了进一步提升所构建深度学习模型的估计精度,本研究开发了一种基于模型的新型数据扩充方法。方法基于7名受试者的小样本数据集,构建了两阶段下肢肌肉活动的计算方法。基于时间卷积网络构建了muscle GAN模型,用于数据扩充。此外,基于卷积注意力机制构建了混合深度学习模型,用于步态过程中的下肢肌肉活动计算。结果多种步速下,所提出的两阶段下肢肌肉活动计算结果和肌电测量数据之间具有高相关性。下肢肌肉活动的平均皮尔逊相关系数和归一化均方根误差分别为0.72和0.13。与原始数据集相比,基于muscle GAN的扩充数据集有效提升了下肢肌肉活动的计算精度。结论基于惯性传感单元的小样本数据集,本研究所提出的两阶段下肢肌肉活动计算方法能准确计算下肢肌电包络,可为多场景下肢肌肉活动的精确计算提供新思路。

关键词：下肢肌肉注意力机制皮尔逊相关系数肌肉活动小样本数据卷积网络步态肌电图

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Spectroscopic Study of a Radio-Frequency Atmospheric Pressure Dielectric Barrier Discharge with Anodic Alumina as the Dielectric

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Plasma Science and Technology 2013年第9期15卷 900-903页

作者： h.I.A.QAZI m.ShARIF S.hUSSAIN m.A.BADAR h.afzal Department of Physics University of SargodhaSargodha 40100Pakistan Department of Physics GC UniversityFaisalabad 38000Pakistan

This paper presents the fabrication and a spectroscopic study of a stable radio- frequency dielectric barrier discharge （RF DBD） in Ar with a novel dielectric, anodic alumina, at atmospheric pressure. Dielectric electrodes are fabricated from commercially available low cost impure aluminum strips by a two-step anodization process in 0.3 m solution of oxalic acid. The discharge is found to be stable with excellent spatial uniformity for the RF input power range of 30～80 W. Excitation and rotational temperatures measured in the experiment range of 1472～3255 K and 434～484 K, respectively, as the input power changes from 30 W to 80 W. These temperature ranges are suitable for surface modification applications.

关键词： radio frequency atmospheric pressure glow discharge dielectric barrier dis-charge anodic alumina dielectric

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Synthesis and Thermal Characterization of Solar Salt-Based Phase Change Composites with Graphene Nanoplatelets

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Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第2期33卷 491-500页

作者： Pethurajan VIGNEShWARAN Saboor ShAIK Sivan SURESh müslüm ARICI Asif afzal Department of Thermal and Energy Engineering School of Mechanical Engineering(SMEC)Vellore Institute of TechnologyVelloreTamil NaduIndia Nanotechnology Research Laboratory Department of Mechanical EngineeringNational Institute of TechnologyTiruchirappalliTamil NaduIndia mechanical Engineering Department Engineering FacultyKocaeli UniversityUmuttepe CampusKocaeli41001Turkey Department of mechanical Engineering P.A.College of Engineering(affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological UniversityBelagavi)Mangaluru574153India

Thermal energy storage(TES) systems use solar energy despite its irregular availability and day-night temperature *** work reports the thermal characterizations of solar salt-based phase change composites in the presence of graphene nanoplatelets(GNP).Solar salt(60:40 of NaNO_(3):KNO_(3)) possessing phase transition temperature and melting enthalpy of 221.01℃ and 134.58 kJ/kg is proposed as a phase change material(PCm) for high-temperature solar-based energy storage *** conductivity must be improved to make them suitable for widespread applications and to close the gap between the system needs where they are *** is added at weight concentrations of 0.1%,0.3%,and 0.5% with solar salt using the ball milling method to boost its thermal *** studies indicated the formation of a uniform surface of GNP on solar *** spectrum peaks identified the physical interaction between salt and *** characterization of the composites,such as thermal conductivity,DSC and TGA was carried out for the samples earlier and later 300 thermal cycles.0.5% of GNP has improved the thermal conductivity of salt by 129.67% and after thermal cycling,the enhancement reduced to 125.21% indicating that thermal cycling has a minor impact on thermal *** change temperature decreased by around 2.32% in the presence of0.5% GNP and the latent heat reduced by 4.34% after thermal *** thermograms depicted the composites initiated the weight loss at around 550℃ after which it was *** thermal cycling,the weight loss initiated at ~40℃ lower compared to pure salt,which was found to be a minor *** characterization of solar salt and GNP-based solar salt composites revealed that the composites can be used for enhanced heat transfer in high-temperature solar-based heat transfer and energy storage applications.

关键词： thermal energy storage high temperature solar salt graphene nanoplatelets thermal characterization

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Optimization of deep network models through fine tuning

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International Journal of Intelligent Computing and Cybernetics 2018年第3期11卷 386-403页

作者： m.Arif Wani Saduf afzal Postgraduate Department of Computer Science University of KashmirSrinagarIndia University of Kashmir SrinagarIndia

Purpose–many strategies have been put forward for training deep network models,however,stacking of several layers of non-linearities typically results in poor propagation of gradients and *** purpose of this paper is to explore the use of two steps strategy where initial deep learning model is obtained first by unsupervised learning and then optimizing the initial deep learning model by fine tuning.A number of fine tuning algorithms are explored in this work for optimizing deep learning *** includes proposing a new algorithm where Backpropagation with adaptive gain algorithm is integrated with Dropout technique and the authors evaluate its performance in the fine tuning of the pretrained deep ***/methodology/approach–The parameters of deep neural networks are first learnt using greedy layer-wise unsupervised *** proposed technique is then used to perform supervised fine tuning of the deep neural network *** experimental study is performed to evaluate the performance of the proposed fine tuning technique on three benchmark data sets:USPS,Gisette and *** authors have tested the approach on varying size data sets which include randomly chosen training samples of size 20,50,70 and 100 percent from the original data ***–Through extensive experimental study,it is concluded that the two steps strategy and the proposed fine tuning technique significantly yield promising results in optimization of deep network ***/value–This paper proposes employing several algorithms for fine tuning of deep network model.A new approach that integrates adaptive gain Backpropagation(BP)algorithm with Dropout technique is proposed for fine tuning of deep *** and comparison of various algorithms proposed for fine tuning on three benchmark data sets is presented in the paper.

关键词： Dropout Deep neural network Contrastive divergence Fine tuning of deep neural network Restricted Boltzmann machine Unsupervised pretraining Backpropagation

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managing health Treatment by Optimizing Complex Lab-Developed Test Configurations: A health Informatics Perspective

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Computers, materials & Continua 2023年第6期75卷 6251-6267页

作者： Uzma afzal Tariq mahmood Ali mustafa Qamar Ayaz h.Khan Department of Computer Science Federal Urdu University of Arts Science and TechnologyKarachiPakistan Department of Computer Science Institute of Business AdministrationKarachiPakistan Department of Computer Science College of ComputerQassim UniversityBuraydahSaudi Arabia Computer Engineering Department King Fahd University of Petroleum and MineralsDhahranSaudi Arabia SDAIA-KFUPm Joint Research Center for Artificial Intelligence Dhahran31261Saudi Arabia

A complex Laboratory Developed Test(LDT)is a clinical test developed within a single *** is typically configured from many fea-ture constraints from clinical repositories,which are part of the existing Lab-oratory Information management System(LImS).Although these clinical repositories are automated,support for managing patient information with test results of an LDT is also integrated within the existing ***,the support to configure LDTs design needs to be made available even in standard LImS *** manual configuration of LDTs is a complex process and can generate configuration inconsistencies because many constraints between features can remain *** is a risky process and can lead patients to undergo unnecessary *** proposed an optimized solution(opt-LDT)based on Genetic Algorithms to automate the configuration and resolve the inconsistencies in ***-LDT encodes LDT configuration as an optimization problem and generates a consistent configuration that satisfies the constraints of the *** tested and validated opt-LDT for a local secondary care hospital in a real healthcare *** results,averaged over ten runs,show that opt-LDT resolves 90%of inconsistencies while taking between 6 and 6.5 s for each ***,positive feedback based on a subjective questionnaire from clinicians regarding the performance,acceptability,and efficiency of opt-LDT motivates us to present our results for regulatory approval.

关键词： Artificial intelligence health informatics evolutionary algorithms genetic algorithms feature selection laboratory developed test

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Anatomical studies on water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (mart.) Solms) under the influence of textile wastewater

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2005年第10期6卷 991-998页

作者： mAhmOOD Qaisar 郑平 SIDDIQI m. rehan ISLAm Ejaz ul AZIm m. Rashid hAYAT Yousaf Department of Environmental Engineering Zhejiang University Department of Botany Forman Christian College Lahore Pakistan Department of Botany Federal Government Postgraduate College H-8 Islamabad Pakistan Department of maths/Stat/Computer Science North Western Frontier Province Agricultural University Peshawar Pakistan

Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (mart.) Solms) is a prolific free floating aquatic macrohpyte found in tropical and subtropical parts of the earth. The effects of pollutants from textile wastewater on the anatomy of the plant were studied. Water hyacinth exhibits hydrophytic adaptations which include reduced epidermis cells lacking cuticle in most cases, presence of large air spaces (7～50 μm), reduced vascular tissue and absorbing structures. Textile waste significantly affected the size of root *** presence of raphide crystals was noted in parenchyma cells of various organs in treated plants.

关键词： Eichhornia crassipes, Water hyacinth, Textile wastewater, Anatomical studies

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Acupuncture enhances brain function in patients with mild cognitive impairment: evidence from a functional-near infrared spectroscopy study

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第8期17卷 1850-1856页

作者： m.N.afzal Khan Usman Ghafoor ho-Ryong Yoo Keum-Shik hong School of mechanical Engineering Pusan National UniversityBusanKorea Department of Neurology Disorders Dunsan HospitalDaejeon UniversityDaejeonKorea

mild cognitive impairment(mCI)is a precursor to Alzheimer’s *** is imperative to develop a proper treatment for this neurological disease in the aging *** observational study investigated the effects of acupuncture therapy on mCI *** healthy individuals and eleven mCI patients were recruited for this ***-and deoxy-hemoglobin signals in the prefrontal cortex during working-memory tasks were monitored using functional near-infrared *** acupuncture treatment,working-memory experiments were conducted for healthy control(hC)and mCI groups(mCI-0),followed by 24 sessions of acupuncture for the mCI *** acupuncture sessions were initially carried out for 6 weeks(two sessions per week),after which experiments were performed again on the mCI group(mCI-1).This was followed by another set of acupuncture sessions that also lasted for 6 weeks,after which the experiments were repeated on the mCI group(mCI-2).Statistical analyses of the signals and classifications based on activation maps as well as temporal features were *** highest classification accuracies obtained using binary connectivity maps were 85.7%hC ***-0,69.5%hC ***-1,and 61.69%hC *** classification accuracies using the temporal features mean from 5 seconds to 28 seconds and maximum(i.e,max(5:28 seconds))values were 60.6%hC ***-0,56.9%hC ***-1,and 56.4%hC *** results reveal that there was a change in the temporal characteristics of the hemodynamic response of mCI patients due to *** was reflected by a reduction in the classification accuracy after the therapy,indicating that the patients’brain responses improved and became comparable to those of healthy subjects.A similar trend was reflected in the classification using the image *** results indicate that acupuncture can be used for the treatment of mCI patients.

关键词： acupuncture Alzheimer’s disease cognition convolutional neural network functional connectivity functional-near infrared spectroscopy hemodynamic response linear discriminant analysis mild cognitive impairment

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Cytotoxicity of oleanane type triterpene from leaf extract of Pterospermum acerifolium (in vitro) and theoretical investigation of inhibitory signaling pathway

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Chinese herbal medicines 2021年第1期13卷 124-130页

作者： mohd rehan Shafiullah Sultanat Department of Chemistry Aligarh Muslim UniversityAligarh 202002India

Objective: To evaluate the cytotoxic activity of taraxerol isolated from the leaves of Pterospermum acerifolium and its EtOh extract against human breast, colon, and lung cancer cell lines and docking ***: The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by several spectroscopic methods such as 1h-NmR,13C-NmR, DEPT-135, COSY, hSQC, and hmBC. The extract and isolated compound were analyzed for cytotoxic activity on mDA-mB-231, BT-549, A-549, and SW-480 cancer cell lines by mTT assay. molecular docking was performed on software such as Chem3D pro 12.***.2.1076, Discovery Studio Visualizer, Auto Dock Tools-1.5.6 and Auto dock ***: The extract and isolated compound taraxerol both displayed excellent inhibitory activity(IC50:80 mg/mL for extract and 160 mg/mL for compound) on breast cancer cell(mDA-mB-231). The docking studies show a strong affinity with PI3K(-9.8 Kcal/mol) and m TOR(-10.0 Kcal/mol).Conclusion: The results confirm that the extract and compound exhibited strong cytotoxicity on the mDA-mB-231 cancer cell. So, the extract and the compound may be useful in human chemotherapies.

关键词： breast cancer mDA-mB-231 mTOR PI3K Pterospermum acerifolium(L.)Willd

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The sexually dimorphic expression of glutamate transporters and their implication in pain after spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第11期20卷 3317-3329页

作者： Jennifer m.Colón-mercado Aranza I.Torrado-Tapias Iris K.Salgado Jose m.Santiago Samuel E.Ocasio Rivera Dina P.Bracho-Rincon Luis h.Pagan Rivera Jorge D.miranda Department of Physiology University of Puerto RicoMedical Sciences CampusSan JuanPRUSA National Institutes of health National Human Genome Research InstituteBethesdaMDUSA Universidad Central del Caribe School of MedicineBayamónPRUSA University of Puerto Rico Carolina CampusCarolinaPRUSA Institute of Neurobiology San JuanPRUSA

In addition to the loss of motor function,~60% of patients develop pain after spinal cord *** cellular-molecular mechanisms are not well understood,but the data suggests that plasticity within the rostral,epicenter,and caudal penumbra of the injury site initiates a cellularmolecular interplay that acts as a rewiring mechanism leading to central neuropathic *** can lead to the formation of new connections triggering abnormal sensory *** excitatory glutamate transporters are responsible for the reuptake of extracellular glutamate which makes them a critical target to prevent neuronal hyperexcitability and *** previous studies showed a sexually dimorphic therapeutic window for spinal cord injury after treatment with the selective estrogen receptor modulator *** this study,we investigated the anti-allodynic effects of tamoxifen in male and female rats with spinal cord *** hypothesized that tamoxifen exerts anti-allodynic effects by increasing the expression of glutamate transporters,leading to reduced hyperexcitability of the secondary neuron or by decreasing aberrant *** and female rats received a moderate contusion to the thoracic spinal cord followed by subcutaneous slow-release treatment of tamoxifen or matrix pellets as a control(placebo).We used von Frey monofilaments and the“up-down method”to evaluate mechanical *** treatment decreased allodynia only in female rats with spinal cord injury revealing a sexdependent *** expression profile of glutamatergic transporters(excitatory amino acid transporter 1/glutamate aspartate transporter and excitatory amino acid transporter 2/glutamate transporter-1)revealed a sexual dimorphism in the rostral,epicenter,and caudal areas of the spinal cord with a pattern of expression primarily on *** rodents showed a significantly higher level of excitatory amino acid transporter-1 expression while male rodents showed increased

关键词： allodynia central neuropathic pain EAAT-1/GLAST EAAT-2/GLT-1 glutamate transporters selective estrogen receptor modulator sexual dimorphism spinal cord injury trauma

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