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The Potential Contribution of Subsurface Drip Irrigation to Water-Saving Agriculture in the Western USA

Agricultural Sciences in China 2009年第7期8卷 850-854页

作者： T l Thompson PANG huan-cheng lI Yu-yi Department of Plant and Soil Science Texas Tech University Lubbock TX 79409 USA Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS) Beijing 100081 P. R. China

Water shortages within the western USA are resulting in the adoption of water-saving agricultural practices within this region. Among the many possible methods for saving water in agriculture, the adoption of subsurface drip irrigation （SDI） provides a potential solution to the problem of low water use efficiency. Other advantages of SDI include reduced NO3 leaching compared to surface irrigation, higher yields, a dry soil surface for improved weed control, better crop health, and harvest flexibility for many specialty crops. The use of SDI also allows the virtual elimination of crop water stress, the ability to apply water and nutrients to the most active part of the root zone, protection of drip lines from damage due to cultivation and tillage, and the ability to irrigate with wastewater while preventing human contact. Yet, SDI is used only on a minority of cropland in the arid western USA. Reasons for the limited adoption of SDI include the high initial capital investment required, the need for intensive management, and the urbanization that is rapidly consuming farmland in parts of the western USA. The contributions of SDI to increasing yield, quality, and water use efficiency have been demonstrated. The two major barriers to SDI sustainability in arid regions are economics （i.e., paying for the SDI system）, including the high cost of installation; and salt accumulation, which requires periodic leaching, specialized tillage methods, or transplanting of seedlings rather than direct-seeding. We will review advances in irrigation management with SDI.

关键词： subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) water-saving agriculture western USA

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Effectiveness and longevity of amendments to a cadmium-contaminated soil

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2020年第4期19卷 1097-1104页

作者： ZhAO Rui lv yi-zhong MA yi-bing lI Ju-mei College of Resources and Environmental Sciences China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193P.R.China Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081P.R.China

The effectiveness and longevity of amendments will influence the reduction in cadmium(Cd) bioavailability by in situ remediation techniques. Different amendments, including red mud(RM), corn straw(CS), rape straw(RS), and their combinations with zinc(Zn) fertilizer, were evaluated based on a long-term field experiment. It was found that all amendments decreased the concentration of available-Cd(EDTA-Cd and Exch-Cd) in soil and also reduced the Cd content(%) in plants. The amendments were still effective after eight years, although the effect did decline over time. The reduction of plant Cd content was 83.5% for red mud plus rape straw(RMRS), 65.3% for red mud plus corn straw(RMCS), 50.9% for RS, 54.0% for RM, and 37.3% for CS in the first few years. The reduction in plant Cd content was still 17.2% for RMRS after eight years, and RMRS was found to be the most effective treatment for decreasing Cd bioavailability. This study also explained that why the reduction in plant Cd content declined over time is the change of available Cd content in soil over time, which is important for guiding agricultural practice. It was concluded that RM, CS, RS, and their combinations with Zn fertilizer as effective amendments can have a profound and lasting positive impact on Cd-contaminated soils.

关键词： cadmium(Cd) amendment bioavailability Cd reduction

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Typhoon disaster risk zoning for China’s coastal area

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2022年第2期16卷 291-303页

作者： Jing ZhU yi lU Fumin REN John l McBRIDE longbin YE Xiamen Key laboratory of Straits Meteorology Xiamen Meteorological BureauXiamen 361012China Shanghai Typhoon Institute of China Meteorological Administration Shanghai 200030China State Key laboratory of severe weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 10081China School of Earth Science (Honorary)University of MelbourneMelbourne 3010Australia Research and Development Division(Emeritus Scientist) Bureau of MeteorologyMelbourne 3010Australia

Previous studies on typhoon disaster risk zoning in China have focused on individual provinces or small-scale areas and lack county-level *** this study,typhoon disaster risk zoning is conducted for China’s coastal area,based on data at the county *** precipitation and wind data for China and typhoon disaster and social data at the county level for China’s coastal area from 2004 to 2013,first we analyze the characteristics of typhoon disasters in China’s coastal area and then develop an intensity index of factors causing typhoon disasters and a comprehensive social vulnerability ***,by combining the two indices,we obtain a comprehensive risk index for typhoon disasters and conduct risk *** results show that the maximum intensity areas are mainly the most coastal areas of both Zhejiang and Guangdong,and parts of hainan Island,which is similar to the distribution of typhoon *** maximum values of vulnerability in the northwest of Guangxi,parts of Fujian coastal areas and parts of the Shandong *** comprehensive risk index generally decreases from coastal areas to inland *** high-risk areas are mainly distributed over hainan Island,south-western Guangdong,most coastal Zhejiang,the coastal areas between Zhejiang and Fujian and parts of the Shandong Peninsula.

关键词： typhoon disaster risk zoning comprehensive social vulnerability index China’s coastal area

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Tuning the interfacial reaction environment via ph-dependent and induced ions to understand C–N bonds coupling performance in NO3- integrated CO2 reduction to carbon and nitrogen compounds over dual Cu-based N-doped carbon catalyst

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期 273-285页

作者： Tianhang Zhou Chen Shen Zhenghao Wu Xingying lan yi Xiao College of Carbon Neutrality Future Technology State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing China University of Petroleum (Beijing) Institute of Materials Science TU Darmstadt Department of Chemistry Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering and Waterloo Institute of Nanotechnology University of Waterloo Waterloo

Dual atomic catalysts （DAC）,particularly copper （Cu2）-based nitrogen （N） doped graphene,show great potential to effectively convert CO2and nitrate （NO3-） into important industrial chemicals such as ethylene,glycol,acetamide,and urea through an efficient catalytical process that involves C–C and C–N ***,the origin of the coupling activity remained unclear,which substantially hinders the rational design of Cu-based catalysts for the N-integrated CO2reduction reaction （CO2RR）.To address this challenge,this work performed advanced density functional theory calculations incorporating explicit solvation based on a Cu2-based N-doped carbon (Cu2N6C10) catalyst for *** calculations are aimed to gain insight into the reaction mechanisms for the synthesis of ethylene,acetamide,and urea via coupling in the interfacial reaction *** to the sluggishness of CO2,the formation of a solvation electric layer by anions （F-,Cl-,Br-,and I-） and cations (Na+,Mg2+,K+,and Ca2+) leads to electron transfer towards the Cu *** process significantly accelerates the reduction of *** results reveal that*CO intermediates play a pivotal role in N-integrated ***,the Cu2-based N-doped carbon catalyst examined in this study has demonstrated the most potential for C–N coupling to *** findings reveal that through the process of a condensation reaction between*CO and Nh2Oh for urea synthesis,*NO3-is reduced to*Nh3,and*CO2to*CCO at dual Cu atom *** dual-site reduction facilitates the synthesis of acetamide through a nucleophilic reaction between Nh3and the ketene ***,we found that the I-and Mg2+ions,influenced by ph,were highly effective for acetamide and ammonia synthesis,except when F-and Ca2+were ***,the mechanisms of C–N bond formation were investigated via ab-initio molecular dynamics simulations,and we found that adjusting the micro-environment can change the dominant side reaction,shift

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Single-molecule analysis in an electrochemical confined space

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Science China Chemistry 2017年第9期60卷 1187-1190页

作者： yi-lun ying yi-Tao long Key laboratory for Advanced Materials&School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai 200237China

Electrochemical analysis of single molecules is a method with the strong ability of the enhanced efficiency and ***,we demonstrate that the electrochemical confined space could efficiently convert single molecule characteristics into measurable electrochemical signatures with high temporal *** human telomere repeat sequence T8 was used as a probe to determine the electrochemical confined effect in a *** results show that the nanopore with comparable confined space of the telomere repeat sequence exhibits the most distinguishable single-molecule signals which suggest the folded conformation of *** method will greatly extend the lifetime of a metastable conformation for a single biomolecule by strong analyte-nanopore interactions,which brings the new insight into the understanding of the biomolecule's function at single-molecule level.

关键词： electrochemical confined space, nanopores, single-molecule analysis, DNAs

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Three-dimensional dynamics of supported pipes conveying fluid

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2017年第6期33卷 1065-1074页

作者： l.Wang T.l.Jiang h.l.Dai Department of Mechanics Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China hubei Key laboratory for Engineering Structural Analysis and Safety Assessment Wuhan 430074 China

This paper deals with the three-dimensional dynamics and postbuckling behavior of flexible supported pipes conveying fluid, considering flow velocities lower and higher than the critical value at which the buckling instability occurs. In the case of low flow velocity, the pipe is stable with a straight equilibrium position and the dynamics of the system can be examined using linear theory. When the flow velocity is beyond the critical value, any motions of the pipe could be around the postbuckling configuration(non-zero equilibrium position) rather than the straight equilibrium position, so nonlinear theory is required. The nonlinear equations of perturbed motions around the postbuckling configuration are derived and solved with the aid of Galerkin discretization. It is found, for a given flow velocity,that the first-mode frequency for in-plane motions is quite different from that for out-of-plane motions. however, the second-or third-mode frequencies for in-plane motions are approximately equal to their counterparts for out-of-plane motions, keeping almost constant values with increasing flow velocity. Moreover, the orientation angle of the postbuckling configuration plane for a buckled pipe can be significantly affected by initial conditions, displaying new features which have not been observed in the same pipe system factitiously supposed to deform in a single plane.

关键词： Pipe conveying fluid Three-dimensional dynamics Instability Natural frequency Postbuckling configuration

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双光纤光栅级联Sagnac环多波长滤波系统研究

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光电子·激光 2025年第1期36卷 9-16页

作者：王翀伊依吴嘉辉宋坤周梦婷李苗苗西安邮电大学电子工程学院

为了实现可调谐的高精度滤波并扩大通信容量，本文设计了一种创新的滤波器系统方案，采用了双光纤布拉格光栅级联和Sagnac环的结合。该方案经过Jones矩阵理论的深入分析和数值仿真验证。在波长范围为1 554—1 570 nm的频带范围内，通过... 详细信息

为了实现可调谐的高精度滤波并扩大通信容量，本文设计了一种创新的滤波器系统方案，采用了双光纤布拉格光栅级联和Sagnac环的结合。该方案经过Jones矩阵理论的深入分析和数值仿真验证。在波长范围为1 554—1 570 nm的频带范围内，通过调整光纤臂长差来引入Sagnac相移，从而实现了可调谐性。此设计不仅增加了滤波通道数目，而且减小了半高全宽。值得注意的是，在相同的臂长差条件下，此系统相较于单个光纤光栅和Sagnac环的滤波器，精度有了显著提高。在功率损耗为8 dB的情况下，此滤波器系统允许高达196 nm的臂长误差容限，同时提供更为精确的透射谱，实现调谐更加简便。此滤波器系统具备易实现性，广泛适用于密集波分复用系统以及光通信等领域。

关键词：双光纤布拉格光栅级联 Sagnac环臂长误差可调谐

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A landscape persistence-based methodological framework for assessing ecological stability

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Environmental Science and Ecotechnology 2024年第1期17卷 31-39页

作者： Da lü yihe lü Guangyao Gao Siqi Sun yi Wang Bojie Fu State Key laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesPO Box 2871Beijing100085China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China

Ecological stability is a critical factor in global sustainable development,yet its significance has been *** we introduce a landscape-oriented framework to evaluate ecological stability in the Qingzang Plateau(QP).Our findings reveal a medium-high stability level in the QP,with minimal changes over recent *** driving factors vary across landscape types,with climate and anthropogenic factors emerging as crucial *** anthropogenic factors are strong but unstable due to policy changes and economic development,climatic factors exert a consistent *** on our results,we propose site-specific ecological conservation and restoration *** ecological stability assessment framework provides a practical tool to understand the link between environmental conditions and ecosystems.

关键词： Ecological stability assessment framework landscape changes Nature conservation and ecological restoration Nature-based solutions Qingzang Plateau

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Anti-amyloid antibodies in Alzheimer’s disease: what did clinical trials teach us?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1092-1093页

作者： Danko Jeremic lydia Jiménez-Díaz Juan D.Navarro-lópez NeuroPhysiology&Behavior lab University of Castilla-La ManchaBiomedical Research Center(CRIB)School of Medicine of Ciudad RealCiudad RealSpain

Although many causes of Alzheimer’s disease(AD)may exist,both the original amyloid cascade and tau hypotheses posit that abnormal misfolding and accumulation of amyloid-β(Aβ)and tau protein is the central event causing the ***,that conclusion could be only partly true,and there is conflicting evidence about the role of both proteins in AD,being able to precede and influence one *** researchers argue that these proteins are mere executors rather than primary causes of ***,there have been continuing refinements of both hypotheses,with alternative explanations proposed.Aβand tau proteins may be independently involved in specific neurotoxic pathways;yet there may be other crucial processes going on in early ***,accumulating evidence suggests that Aβand tau act synergistically,rather than additively in disease onset(Jeremic et al.,2021,2023a).

关键词： amyloid Alzheimer additive

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Development of a miniature silicon wafer fuel cell using l-ascorbic acid as fuel

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2008年第7期9卷 955-960页

作者： Jian WU Zhi-yong XIAO yi-bin yiNG Philip C.h. ChAN School of Biosvstems Engineering and Food Science Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310029 China Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong China

In the current studies a miniature silicon wafer fuel cell(FC) using l-ascorbic acid as fuel was developed. The cell employs l-ascorbic acid and air as reactants and a thin polymer electrolyte as a separator. Inductively coupled plasma(ICP) silicon etching was employed to fabricate high aspect-ratio columns on the silicon substrate to increase the surface area. A thin platinum layer deposited directly on the silicon surface by the sputtering was used as the catalyst layer for l-ascorbic acid electro-oxidation. Cyclic voltammetry shows that the oxidation of l-ascorbic acid on the sputtered platinum layer is irreversible and that the onset potentials for the oxidation of l-ascorbic acid are from 0.27 V to 0.35 V versus an Ag/AgCl reference electrode. It is found that at the room temperature,with 1 mol/l l-ascorbic acid/PBS(phosphate buffered solution) solution pumped to the anode at 1 ml/min flow rate and air spontaneously diffusing to the cathode as the oxidant,the maximum output power density of the cell was 1.95 mW/cm2 at a current density of 10 mA/cm2.

关键词： l-ascorbic acid Fuel cell (FC) Silicon wafer

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