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Therapeutic potential of neuromodulation for demyelinating diseases

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第2期16卷 214-217页

作者： Elliot h.choi Chioma Nwakalor Nolan J.Brown Joonho Lee Michael Y.Oh In hong Yang Department of Pharmacology School of MedicineCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOHUSA Department of Ophthalmology Gavin Herbert Eye InstituteSchool of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA Department of Neurological Surgery University of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA Department of Mechanical Engineering and Engineering Science Center for Biomedical Engineering and ScienceUniversity of North Carolina at CharlotteCharlotteNCUSA University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry RochesterNYUSA

Neuromodulation represents a cutting edge class of both invasive and non-invasive therapeutic methods which alter the activity of ***,several different techniques have been developed-or are currently being investigated–to treat a wide variety of neurological and neuropsychiatric ***,in vivo and in vitro studies have revealed that neuromodulation can also induce myelination,meaning that it could hold potential as a therapy for various demyelinating diseases including multiple sclerosis and progressive multifocal *** findings come on the heels of a paradigm shift in the view of myelin's role within the nervous system from a static structure to an active co-regulator of central nervous system plasticity and participant in neuron-mediated *** the present review,we highlight several of the recent findings regarding the role of neural activity in altering myelination including several soluble and contact-dependent factors that seem to mediate neural activitydependent *** also highlight several considerations for neuromodulatory techniques,including the need for further research into spatiotemporal precision,dosage,and the safety and efficacy of transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation,an emerging neuromodulation *** the field of neuromodulation continues to evolve,it could potentially bring forth methods for the treatment of demyelinating diseases,and as such,further investigation into the mechanisms of neuron-dependent myelination as well as neuro-imaging modalities that can monitor myelination activity is warranted.

关键词： central nervous system deep brain stimulation myelination neural activity oligodendrocyte optogenetic stimulation transcranial electrical stimulation transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation transcranial magnetic stimulation

Evaluation of operator visibility in three different cabins type Far-East combine harvesters

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2016年第4期9卷 33-44页

作者： Dae h.Lee Yong J.Kim Chang h.choi Sun O.Chung Yo S.Nam Jin h.So Department of Biosystems Machinery Engineering Chungnam National UniversityDaejeon 305-764Republic of Korea Department of Bio-mechatronic Engineering Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon 440-746Republic of Korea TYM R&D Center Tong Yang Moolsan Co.Ltd.Gongju 314-862Republic of Korea

The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate a visibility evaluation system for the cabin type Far-East combine *** human field of view has been classified into five levels(perceptive,effective,stable gaze,induced,and auxiliary)depending on the rotation of the human head and *** divider,reaper lever,gearshift,dashboard,and conveying component were considered as major viewpoints of the cabin type Far-East combine *** visibility of the cabin type Far-East combine harvester was evaluated quantitatively using viewpoints and human field of view *** visibility evaluation system for the cabin type Far-East combine harvester consisted of a laser pointer,stepping motors to control the directions of the view,gyro sensors to measure horizontal and vertical angles,and I/O interface to acquire the *** visibility evaluation tests were conducted at different postures(‘sitting straight’,‘sitting with a 15°tilt’,‘standing straight’,and‘standing with a 15°tilt’)for three cabin type Far-East combine *** LSD(least significant difference)multiple comparison tests showed that the visibilities of viewpoints differed significantly as the operator's posture *** results showed that the posture while standing with a 15°tilt provided the best *** average visibility scores at sitting postures were 22.3(straight)and 24.4(15°tilt),and the scores at standing postures were 18.7(straight)and 29.5(15°tilt).Also,the average visibility scores were observed in order from highest to lowest as reaper lever(44.6),divider(28.7),dashboard(23.1),conveying part(12.2),and gearshift lever(10.1).Most viewpoints of the cabin type Far-East combine harvester were out of the stable gaze field of the view *** of the cabin type Far-East combine harvester design will be required to enhance the visibility during harvesting operation and to improve safety and convenience of farmers.

关键词： combine harvester cabin operator visibility field of view evaluation system ergonomics safety and comfort

Epidural electrical stimulation for spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第12期16卷 2367-2375页

作者： Elliot h.choi Sandra Gattas Nolan J.Brown John D.hong Joshua N.Limbo Alvin Y.Chan Michael Y.Oh Department of Pharmacology School of MedicineCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOHUSA Department of Ophthalmology Gavin Herbert Eye InstituteSchool of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA Department of Neurosurgery University of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA

A long-standing goal of spinal cord injury research is to develop effective repair strategies,which can restore motor and sensory functions to near-normal *** advances in clinical management of spinal cord injury have significantly improved the prognosis,survival rate and quality of life in patients with spinal cord *** addition,a significant progress in basic science research has unraveled the underlying cellular and molecular events of spinal cord *** efforts enabled the development of pharmacologic agents,biomaterials and stem-cell based *** these efforts,there is still no standard care to regenerate axons or restore function of silent axons in the injured spinal *** challenges led to an increased focus on another therapeutic approach,namely *** multiple animal models of spinal cord injury,epidural electrical stimulation of the spinal cord has demonstrated a recovery of motor *** evidence regarding the efficacy of epidural electrical stimulation has further expanded the potential of epidural electrical stimulation for treating patients with spinal cord ***,most clinical studies were conducted on a very small number of patients with a wide range of spinal cord ***,subsequent studies are essential to evaluate the therapeutic potential of epidural electrical stimulation for spinal cord injury and to optimize stimulation ***,we discuss cellular and molecular events that continue to damage the injured spinal cord and impede neurological recovery following spinal cord *** also discuss and summarize the animal and human studies that evaluated epidural electrical stimulation in spinal cord injury.

关键词： central nervous system chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans epidural electrical stimulation glial scar gliosis neural activity neuromodulation oligodendrocyte spinal cord injury

延边牛PLIN2基因CDS区克隆、生物信息学分析及其表达规律研究

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中国畜牧兽医 2021年第3期48卷 829-838页

作者：孙建富崔岩张军芳王英孙斌李强 Seong h.choi Jong S.Shin 李香子延边大学东北寒区肉牛科技创新教育部工程研究中心韩国江原国立大学校动物生命科学大学韩国忠北国立大学校动物生命科学大学

本研究旨在克隆延边牛脂肪分化相关蛋白PLIN2基因完整CDS区,通过生物信息学分析PLIN2基因CDS区序列和蛋白质基本特性,探讨其在延边牛不同组织及前体脂肪细胞成脂过程中的表达规律。选取18月龄去势的延边牛为研究对象,利用RT-PCR和基因... 详细信息

本研究旨在克隆延边牛脂肪分化相关蛋白PLIN2基因完整CDS区,通过生物信息学分析PLIN2基因CDS区序列和蛋白质基本特性,探讨其在延边牛不同组织及前体脂肪细胞成脂过程中的表达规律。选取18月龄去势的延边牛为研究对象,利用RT-PCR和基因克隆获得延边牛PLIN2基因,与其他物种进行同源性比对及系统进化树构建,利用生物信息学方法预测PLIN2编码蛋白质的理化性质、潜在磷酸化位点及糖基化位点、二硫键分析、信号肽、亚细胞定位、蛋白高级结构,利用实时荧光定量PCR检测PLIN2基因在延边牛不同组织中的表达水平。结果显示,延边牛PLIN2基因CDS长1 353 bp,编码450个氨基酸;同源性比对发现延边牛PLIN2基因与黄牛、水牛、绵羊、山羊、野猪、人、小鼠和野鸡的同源性分别为100%、98.7%、96.7%、97.1%、85.5%、86.3%、47.3%和49.1%;系统进化树表明,延边牛与黄牛、水牛的亲缘关系最近,与野鸡的亲缘关系最远。PLIN2蛋白为不稳定蛋白,具有一定亲水性,存在61个潜在的磷酸化位点、16个O-糖基化潜在位点、12个N-糖基化潜在位点,存在2个二硫键,不存在信号肽,主要分布于细胞核中,细胞质和线粒体中有少量分布。PLIN2蛋白高级结构预测该蛋白是由α-螺旋、延伸链、无规则卷曲和β-转角组成,为混合型蛋白,通过无规则卷曲连接,以α-螺旋为主。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,PLIN2基因在延边牛小肠组织中表达量最高,其次为背最长肌和肾脏组织。本研究结果可为进一步研究PLIN2基因的功能提供借鉴。

关键词：延边牛 PLIN2基因克隆生物信息学分析表达

间质性肺疾病的放射-病理学相关性以及疾病进展和生存预测因素

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国际医学放射学杂志 2022年第3期 371-372页

作者： K.J.Chae M.J.Chung G.Y.Jin Y.J.Song A.R.An h.choi 刘华瑞

摘要目的评估间质性肺疾病(ILA)的放射学和组织学相关性，并探讨导致疾病进展和死亡率的放射或病理学特征。方法在2004年1月—2019年4月期间行肺活检术的

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税法中的实质解释规则

法律方法 2022年第1期28卷 48-94页

作者： [美]乔纳森·h.崔任超(译) 美国明尼苏达大学法学院华东政法大学经济法学院

传统上,税法中的反滥用原则被表述为多因数测试,衡量纳税人案件的事实,但忽略了有争议的税收法规。事实证明,这种方法是存在问题的:一些法官引入了法律的考虑因素,根本不顾所造成的前后矛盾和混乱,还有一些学者批评该原则是反文本主义... 详细信息

传统上,税法中的反滥用原则被表述为多因数测试,衡量纳税人案件的事实,但忽略了有争议的税收法规。事实证明,这种方法是存在问题的:一些法官引入了法律的考虑因素,根本不顾所造成的前后矛盾和混乱,还有一些学者批评该原则是反文本主义的司法发明。这些质疑破坏了反对滥用税收计划的重要障碍。本文认为,反滥用原则应被视为建构的实质原则,可由法律文本或目的予以推翻的解释性推定。这样做将解决该原则在应用中的明显任意性,即简单地反驳推定,并将实质原则与作为宪法允许的背景规范的文本主义相调和。它还将提供一个框架来检验有争议的理论的有效性,并使其更具灵活性和直观性。虽然许多学者分立开来研究了实质原则和反滥用原则,但本文将两者联系起来。它还根据现有的判例法对实质课税原则进行编列,为将来的学者、从业人员和法官提供资源。

关键词：税法反滥用原则实质解释规则文本主义

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税法解释实证研究的结果及鲁棒性检验

法律方法

法律方法 2023年第4期 84-110页

作者： [美]乔纳森·h.崔金彬彬(译) 美国明尼苏达大学法学院华东政法大学经济法学院

随着时间的推移,联邦税务局越来越多地基于规范主义政策依据(如公平和效率)来制定规则,而不是仅基于对相关法律的“最佳解读”(根据任何法律解释理论如目的主义或文本主义)来制定规则。此外,当联邦税务局解释法律时,其越来越倾向于目的... 详细信息

随着时间的推移,联邦税务局越来越多地基于规范主义政策依据(如公平和效率)来制定规则,而不是仅基于对相关法律的“最佳解读”(根据任何法律解释理论如目的主义或文本主义)来制定规则。此外,当联邦税务局解释法律时,其越来越倾向于目的主义。相反地,美国联邦税务法院并未呈现出向规范主义发展的趋势,而是与其他大多数法院一样遵循着向文本主义发展的趋势。尽管联邦税务法院在广义上变得更倾向于文本主义,但与其他法院相比,其更为注重运用多种法律解释工具,例如“谢弗林尊重”原则和整体文本解释规则。由此可见,各个公权力机构都形成了自己独有的文本主义风格或目的主义风格。这些研究结果使得有关税收例外主义和联邦税务法院司法性质的文献更为错综复杂,也反映出对司法尊重的持续争论以及对“谢弗林尊重”“斯基德莫尊重”等学说未来的展望。从广义上说,这些研究结果为行政机关法律解释方面的现有理论文献提供了实证依据。

关键词：税法法律解释方法联邦税务局联邦税务法院鲁棒性检验

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税法解释实证研究的关键问题及方法

法律方法 2022年第3期28卷 72-116页

作者： [美]乔纳森·h.崔金彬彬(译) 美国明尼苏达大学法学院华东政法大学经济法学院

大量学术文献着眼于研究行政机关应如何解释法律,但少有文献关注行政机关在实践中究竟是如何解释法律的,也没有任何文献是从实证分析视角将行政机关和法院在实践中适用的法律解释方法加以比较。本文通过使用一个包含美国联邦税务局所有... 详细信息

大量学术文献着眼于研究行政机关应如何解释法律,但少有文献关注行政机关在实践中究竟是如何解释法律的,也没有任何文献是从实证分析视角将行政机关和法院在实践中适用的法律解释方法加以比较。本文通过使用一个包含美国联邦税务局所有出版物的新建数据集和一个包含法院判决的现有数据集来进行上述比较研究,并运用自然语言处理、机器学习和回归分析来预测法律解释方法的发展趋势、检测特定公权力机构是否已形成独特的法律解释文化。

关键词：税法法律解释方法自然语言处理机器学习回归分析

联合应用弹性成像、彩色多普勒超声和B型超声对致密型乳腺女性筛查乳腺肿块的价值:一项多中心前瞻性研究

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国际医学放射学杂志 2018年第1期 99-99页

作者： S.Lee J.Chun h.choi S.choi E.B.Ryu K.h.Ko 张俊峰 Department of Radiology and Medical Research Collaborating Center Seoul National University Hospital

摘要目的探究联合应用弹性成像、彩色多普勒超声和B型超声(B-US)对致密型乳腺女性筛查乳腺肿块的价值。材料与方法此前瞻性多中心性研究纳入了2013年11月—

关键词：弹性成像乳腺肿块彩色多普勒超声致密型乳腺型超声联合应用