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Big Data Testing Techniques:Taxonomy,Challenges and Future Trends

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第2期74卷 2739-2770页

作者： Iram Arshad Saeed hamood Alsamhi Wasif afzal SRI TUSAthloneIreland Mälardalen University VästeråsSweden

Big Data is reforming many industrial domains by providing decision support through analyzing large data *** Data testing aims to ensure that Big Data systems run smoothly and error-free while maintaining the performance and quality of ***,because of the diversity and complexity of data,testing Big Data is *** numerous research efforts deal with Big Data testing,a comprehensive review to address testing techniques and challenges of BigData is not available as ***,we have systematically reviewed the Big Data testing techniques’evidence occurring in the period 2010–*** paper discusses testing data processing by highlighting the techniques used in every processing ***,we discuss the challenges and future *** findings show that diverse functional,non-functional and combined(functional and non-functional)testing techniques have been used to solve specific problems related to Big *** the same time,most of the testing challenges have been faced during the MapReduce validation *** addition,the combinatorial testing technique is one of the most applied techniques in combination with other techniques(i.e.,random testing,mutation testing,input space partitioning and equivalence testing)to find various functional faults through Big Data testing.

关键词： Big data testing techniques testing process

Are efforts up to the mark? A cirrhotic state and knowledge about hCV prevalence in general population of Pakistan

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2016年第6期9卷 597-598页

作者： Muhammad Sohail afzal Department of Chemistry School of Science University of Management and Technology (UMT)

Pakistan is declared a cirrhotic state by WhO because of high prevalence of hepatitis C virus(hCV). It is proposed that there are more than 10 million infected individuals in Pakistan. Keeping in mind the scenario, one should expect to have proper surveillance system for hCV monitoring across the country not only for high risk groups but also for general population as well. Monitoring the general population is of considerable help to identify the hot spots for infection spread and will help in designing effective strategies. In this study the current available data from last 6 years is analyzed. The results showed that the range of hCV seroprevalence in general population in Pakistan varied from 3.13%-23.83%. Similarly year wise hCV prevalence showed great variation and the prevalence was 9.57%, 6.04%, 7.46%, 4.9% and 11.04% in 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2014 respectively. The current analysis declared that available data is not sufficient and is not presenting the original picture of the situation. On these basis, a proper surveillance system is proposed across the country to get an actual picture of the infection for better management in future and massive community education programmes should be warranted in identified hot spots across the country.

关键词： hCV General population Prevalence Community education Pakistan

Epidemiology of Polio virus infection in Pakistan and possible risk factors for its transmission

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2016年第11期9卷 1022-1025页

作者： Mahvish Kabir Muhammad Sohail afzal Department of Chemistry School of Science.University of Management and Technology(UMT)

End Polio Pakistan program still has to overcome many hurdles;unfortunately on 8th February2016 first polio case of the year has surfaced in *** seems that battle against polio demands little bit more conviction and *** has set a goal of polio eradication in Pakistan till 2018,in order to evaluate the success of this target;polio eradication campaign in Pakistan has been analyzed in different *** analysis indicated that major obstacles in eradication are low literacy rate,poor health infrastructure,lack of planning,natural disaster,economic crisis,counter insurgencies and almost no protection for polio health *** has allocated new funds to tackle this problem,now there is a need to spend this money more effectively with proper planning and honest deployment of funds.

关键词： Eradication Malnutrition Counter insurgencies Polio worker hurdles in polio Pakistan

Exact solution of electroosmotic flow in generalized Burgers fluid

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2011年第9期32卷 1119-1126页

作者： T.hAYAT S.afzal A.hENDI Department of Mathematics Quaid-i-Azam University Department of Mathematics King Saud University Department of Physics Faculty of ScienceKing Saud University

An exact solution is developed for the time periodic electroosmotic flow of a non-Newtonian fluid between the micro-parallel *** constitutive equations of a generalized Burgers fluid are used in the mathematical *** resulting problem is solved by a Fourier transform *** are plotted and discussed for various emerging parameters of interest.

关键词： generalized Burgers fluid periodic flow Fourier transform

A Transfer Learning-Based Approach to Detect Cerebral Microbleeds

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第4期71卷 1903-1923页

作者： Sitara afzal Imran Ullah Khan Jong Weon Lee Mixed Reality and Interaction Lab Department of SoftwareSejong UniversitySeoul143-747Korea

Cerebral microbleeds are small chronic vascular diseases that occur because of irregularities in the cerebrum *** and elderly people with brain injury and dementia can have small microbleeds in their brains.A recent study has shown that cerebral microbleeds could be remarkably risky in terms of life and can be riskier for patients with *** this study,we proposed an efficient approach to automatically identify microbleeds by reducing the false positives in openly available susceptibility-weighted imaging(SWI)data *** proposed structure comprises two different pretrained convolutional models with four *** stages include(i)skull removal and augmentation,(ii)making clusters of data samples using the k-mean classifier,(iii)reduction of false positives for efficient performance,and(iv)transfer-learning *** proposed technique was assessed using the SWI dataset available for 20 *** our findings,we attained an accuracy of 97.26%with a 1.8%false-positive rate using data augmentation on the AlexNet transfer learning model and a 1.1%false-positive rate with 97.89%accuracy for the ResNet 50 model with data augmentation *** results show that our models outperformed the existing approach for the detection of microbleeds.

关键词： Microbleeds deep convolutional neural network ResNet50 AlexNet computer-vision

Optimization of deep network models through fine tuning

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International Journal of Intelligent Computing and Cybernetics 2018年第3期11卷 386-403页

作者： M.Arif Wani Saduf afzal Postgraduate Department of Computer Science University of KashmirSrinagarIndia University of Kashmir SrinagarIndia

Purpose–Many strategies have been put forward for training deep network models,however,stacking of several layers of non-linearities typically results in poor propagation of gradients and *** purpose of this paper is to explore the use of two steps strategy where initial deep learning model is obtained first by unsupervised learning and then optimizing the initial deep learning model by fine tuning.A number of fine tuning algorithms are explored in this work for optimizing deep learning *** includes proposing a new algorithm where Backpropagation with adaptive gain algorithm is integrated with Dropout technique and the authors evaluate its performance in the fine tuning of the pretrained deep ***/methodology/approach–The parameters of deep neural networks are first learnt using greedy layer-wise unsupervised *** proposed technique is then used to perform supervised fine tuning of the deep neural network *** experimental study is performed to evaluate the performance of the proposed fine tuning technique on three benchmark data sets:USPS,Gisette and *** authors have tested the approach on varying size data sets which include randomly chosen training samples of size 20,50,70 and 100 percent from the original data ***–Through extensive experimental study,it is concluded that the two steps strategy and the proposed fine tuning technique significantly yield promising results in optimization of deep network ***/value–This paper proposes employing several algorithms for fine tuning of deep network model.A new approach that integrates adaptive gain Backpropagation(BP)algorithm with Dropout technique is proposed for fine tuning of deep *** and comparison of various algorithms proposed for fine tuning on three benchmark data sets is presented in the paper.

关键词： Dropout Deep neural network Contrastive divergence Fine tuning of deep neural network Restricted Boltzmann machine Unsupervised pretraining Backpropagation

Computational fluid dynamics modeling of abutment scour under steady current using the level set method

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2020年第4期35卷 355-364页

作者： Mohammad Saud afzal hans Bihs Lalit Kumar Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Norwegian University of Science and Technology

The scour and deposition pattern around an abutment under constant discharge condition is calculated using a three dimensional(3D) Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD) *** Reynolds-Averaged Navier Stokes(RANS) equations are solved in three dimensions using a CFD *** Level Set Method(LSM) is used for calculation of both free surface and bed *** two-equation turbulence model(k-ε and k-ω) is used to calculate the eddy viscosity in the RANS *** pressure term in the RANS equations on a staggered grid is modeled using the Chorin’s projection *** 5th order Weighted Essentially Non-Oscillatory(WENO) scheme discretizes the convective term of the RANS *** Kovacs and Parker and Dey formulations are used for the reduction in bed shear stress on the sloping *** model also used the sandslide algorithm which limits bed shear stress reduction during the erosion *** numerical model solution is validated against experimental results collected at the Politecnico di Milano,Milan,*** r,the numerical model is tested for perfo rmance by varying the grid sizes and key parameters like the space and time discretization *** effect of varying bed porosity has been ***,the free surface is well represented in a realistic manner and bed topography is well predicted using the Level Set Method(LSM).

关键词： Sediment transport Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD) Reynolds-Averaged Navier Stokes(RANS) Level Set Method(LSM) Weighted Essentially Non-Oscillatory(WENO) Total Variation Diminishing(TVD)

haptics-mediated approaches for enhancing sustained attention: framework and challenges

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2019年第11期62卷 5-30页

作者： Dangxiao WANG Teng LI Naqash.afzal Jicong ZhANG Yuru ZhANG State Key Lab of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems Beihang University Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering Beihang University Peng Cheng Laboratory School of Medical Sciences University of New South Wales Neuroscience Research Australia School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering Beihang University

Sustained attention is essential in the daily human activities of perception, manipulation, and locomotion. An improvement in sustained attention exhibits potential impacts in several scenarios, including the treatment of mental disorders, such as the attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and the training of certain professionals, such as aircraft pilots, who work under environments with heavy cognitive loads. In this study, we review the haptics-mediated sustained attention-training approaches from the afferent and efferent perspectives based on the bidirectional information flow in the haptic channel. Subsequently, the feasibility of modulating and enhancing attention via the haptic channel is analyzed based on the studies that have investigated the correlation between attention and the afferent/efferent pathways of the haptic *** identify several research questions, including how to design diverse haptic training tasks via the afferent and/or efferent pathways and which adaptive strategies can be used to adjust the difficulty levels of haptic training tasks to ensure user engagement. Furthermore, we examine the behavioral and biological evidence that can be used to validate the training efficacy, the manner in which the neural mechanisms underlying the attention-enhancing process can be understood, and the effective variables that can be attributed to the near-and far-transfer effects. In addition, we discuss the difficulties associated with the development of novel haptic technologies. In this study, we intend to investigate the potential impact of haptic stimuli on neuroplasticity and to promote the study of haptics-mediated sustained attention training.

关键词： sustained attention attention enhancement haptic interaction robotics electroencephalogram virtual reality human-computer interaction

Predictors of antenatal health service utilization among left-behind wives of male outmigrants:Evidence from Patna District,India

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Asian pacific Journal of Reproduction 2023年第5期12卷 220-228页

作者： Fahad afzal Arindam Das Research Wing-A IIHMR UniversityJaipurRajasthanIndia Institute of health Management IIHMR UniversityJaipurRajasthanIndia

Objective:To analyze the sociological support system available for left-behind wives of male outmigrants and develop a model that predicts the antenatal care(ANC)services ***:A cross-sectional survey was conducted in rural regions of the Patna district,*** sample size(n=328)was estimated using Cochran’s *** parameters of the social support system were identified(autonomy,spousal support,family support,social circle support,and government support).The score for each was calculated as a composite score using multiple variables;these served as independent *** respondents were categorized as efficient and non-efficient users of ANC service based on established ***:The regression results showed that four out of five social parameters had a significant effect on ANC *** support was the strongest predictor(standardized regression coefficient β=0.57,OR 1.16,95%CI 1.08-1.79,P=0.007).Government support was found to be the second strongest predictor(β=0.40,OR 1.49,95%CI 1.04-2.14,P=0.027),followed by family support(β=0.31,OR 1.36,95%CI 1.23-2.57,P=0.034)and autonomy(β=0.11,OR 1.32,95%CI 1.11-2.26,P=0.030).The social circle support was found to be non-significant in predicting ANC behavior(P>0.05).Conclusions:The policymakers could focus on the identified predictors to strengthen and modify the existing policies for leftbehind wives of male *** need of the hour is a strategic intervention for behavioral modification of not only the left-behind wives but also their family members along with reinforcement of the existing social-security *** strategy we suggest is to launch an awareness campaign focusing on husbands(male outmigrants)and family members.

关键词： Antenatal health Reproductive behavior Antenatal care utilization South-East Asia Left-behind wife